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EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF WINCHESTER

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 704 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF See also:

WINCHESTER  . The See also:title of See also:earl of See also:Winchester was first See also:borne by Saier, or Seer, de See also:Quincy, who was endowed by See also:King See also:John on the 13th of See also:March 1207, with the earldom of Winchester, or the See also:county of See also:Southampton . Saier de Quincy was one of the twenty-five barons named to enforce the observance of the See also:Great See also:Charter . He served in the See also:Crusades at the See also:siege of See also:Damietta in 1219, and died soon after-wards, probably on the 3rd of See also:November of that See also:year . His second son See also:Roger de Quincy (c . 1195–1264), who is said to have usurped the earldom during the See also:absence of his See also:elder See also:brother See also:Robert in the See also:Holy See also:Land, took See also:part in the struggle between See also:Henry III. and the barons . He died without male issue in See also:April 1264, and the earldom reverted to the See also:crown . It was revived in 1322 in favour of See also:Hugh le See also:Despenser, favourite of King See also:Edward II., and was forfeited when he was put to See also:death by the barons as a traitor in 1326 . In 1472 the title, together with a See also:pension of £200 a year from the customs of Southampton, but not the right of sitting in See also:parliament, was given by King Edward IV. to a Burgundian, See also:Louis de See also:Bruges, See also:lord of Gruthuyse and See also:prince of Steenhuyse, as a See also:reward for services rendered to himself while an See also:exile on the See also:continent . Louis de Bruges surrendered his patent to Henry VII. in 1499 . The marquessate of Winchester was created in 1551 in favour of See also:William See also:Paulet, or Pawlet, K.G., a successful courtier during four reigns, who died on the loth of March 1572 . It has descended in the male See also:line of his See also:family to the sixteenth possessor .

John Paulet, 2nd See also:

marquess (c . 1517–1576), was summoned to parliament as See also:Baron St John during the See also:life of his See also:father, a distinction which was shared by his three immediate successors—William Paulet (c . 1535–1598), William Paulet (c . 156o–1628) and John Paulet (c . 1598–1674) . See also:Charles Paulet, son and See also:heir of John Paulet, the eighth marquess, was created See also:duke of See also:Bolton, on the 9th of April 1689, and the marquessate of Winchester remained in connexion with the duchy of Bolton (q.v.) till the death of Harry Paulet, See also:sixth duke and See also:eleventh marquess, without male issue in See also:December 1794 . There being no male representative of the See also:dukes of Bolton this title lapsed, but the marquessate of Winchester was inherited by See also:George Paulet (1722–1800), great-See also:grandson of Lord Henry Paulet (d . 1672), second son of William, the See also:fourth marquess . On George's death on the 22nd of April ',Soo he was succeeded by his son Charles Ingoldesby See also:Burroughs-Paulet (1764–1843), who, in 1839, prefixed the name of Burroughs to his own by royal See also:licence . Upon his death on the 29th of November 1843, the title passed to his son John Paulet (1801–1887), fourteenth marquess, who was succeeded, on the 4th of See also:July 1887, by his son, See also:Augustus John Henry See also:Beaumont (1858–1899), officer in the See also:Guards, who was killed at Magersfontein during the See also:Boer See also:War on the 11th of December 1899, and was followed in the See also:peerage by his brother, Henry William Montague Paulet (b . 1862) . Three of the marquesses of Winchester were men of See also:note .

It is recorded of the founder of the family, William Paulet, that when asked how he had contrived to live through a See also:

long See also:period of troubled times during four reigns, he replied that he came of the See also:willow and not of the See also:oak, onus sum e salice non ex quercu . This saying, repeated by See also:Sir Robert See also:Naunton in his Fragmenta See also:regalia, may possibly not have been due to the marquess himself, but if not it was well invented of a See also:man who passed through many dangers and always contrived to keep, or to improve, his places . He was the son of Sir John Paulet of Basing, near See also:Basingstoke in See also:Hampshire, and his wife Alice or See also:Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Paulet of See also:Hinton St George, See also:Somerset . The year of his See also:birth has been variously given as 1474 and 1485 . Between 1512 and 1527 he was several times See also:sheriff of Hampshire . He was knighted before 1525, and in that year became privy councillor . He was, henceforth, continually employed in the royal See also:household and on the See also:council, but his only military service was in the easy suppression of the See also:Pilgrimage of See also:Grace in 1536 . In 1525 he was named See also:master of the wards and keeper of the king's widows and idiots, that is to say he had the lucrative See also:charge of persons of See also:property who were wards in See also:chivalry . He was a member of the See also:House of See also:Commons which co-operated with the king in carrying out the separation of the See also:Church from See also:Rome between 1529 and 1536 . He served on the courts which tried Sir See also:Thomas More and See also:Anne See also:Boleyn, and he was employed to tell Catharine of See also:Aragon that she and her daughter were degraded from their See also:rank . It is characteristic of the type of man that he did his See also:work gently, and with a See also:constant recollection of the changes of See also:fortune . His See also:personal kindness to Anne Boleyn, which she acknowledged, no doubt stood him in See also:good See also:stead on the See also:accession of her daughter See also:Queen Elizabeth .

Phoenix-squares

In 1538 he was created Lord St John, and he was enriched by a See also:

grant of the lands of See also:Netley See also:Abbey, near Southampton . He was appointed lord steward of the household, and lord chamber-lain, and became a See also:knight of the garter in 1543 . Henry VIII. named him one of the council of regency for his son Edward VI . During the reign of Edward VI., St John kept the favour both of the See also:Protector Somerset, who made him lord keeper of the great See also:seal, and of Somerset's enemy, the duke of See also:Northumberland, who kept him in See also:office . He was created earl of See also:Wiltshire in 1550, and marquess of Winchester in 1551 . On the death of Edward VI., he trimmed cleverly between the parties of See also:Lady Jane See also:Grey, and See also:Mary Tudor till he saw which was going to win, and then threw himself on the winning See also:side . He opposed Queen Mary's See also:marriage to See also:Philip, prince of See also:Spain (Philip II.), till he saw she was set on it, and then gave his approval, for it was his See also:wise See also:rule to show just as much See also:independence as enhanced the merit of his obedience . He was lord treasurer under Mary, and kept his See also:place under Elizabeth, to whose ecclesiastical policy he gave his usual discreet opposition and final obedience . Winchester died at his house of Basing on the loth of March 1572 . He had built it on so See also:grand a See also:scale that his descendants are said to have found it necessary to pull down a part . He married, first Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William See also:Capel, Lord See also:Mayor of See also:London, by whom he had four sons and four daughters, and then Winifred, daughter of Sir John Bruges, See also:alderman of London, and widow of Sir See also:Richard See also:Sackville, by whom he had no See also:children . It is said that one See also:hundred and three of his descendants were alive at the date of his death .

His grandson, William Paulet, third marquess (c . 1535—1598) was one of the See also:

judges of Mary, queen of Scots, and author of a See also:book called The Lord Marquesses Idleness which contains a Latin See also:acrostic of extreme ingenuity on the words See also:Regina nostra Angliae . The fifth marquess, John Paulet (1628—1674), was a See also:Roman See also:Catholic . He lived much in retirement in See also:order to be able to pay off debts See also:left by his father . He is remembered by the ardour and sincerity of his See also:loyalty to King Charles I . It is said that he caused the words " Aimez Loyaute " to be engraved on every See also:pane of See also:glass in his house of Basing . During the first See also:Civil War it was fortified for the king, and stood a See also:succession of sieges by the See also:parliamentary forces between 1643 and 1645 . On the 14th of See also:October 1645, it was stormed by See also:Oliver See also:Cromwell . The marquess, who fought valiantly, told Hugh See also:Peters, See also:chaplain of the New See also:Model See also:Army of the parliament, who had the vulgarity to See also:crow over him, " That if the king had no more ground in See also:England but Basing House, he would See also:adventure as he did, and so maintain it to the utmost," fo- " that Basing House was called Loyalty." The house caught See also:fire during the See also:storm and was burnt down, the very ruins being carried away by order of the parliament . The marquess was imprisoned in the See also:Tower of London, but was finally allowed to See also:compound for his See also:estate; after the restoration of King Charles II. he was promised See also:compensation for his losses, but nothing was given to him . He died in See also:Englefield See also:Park on the 5th of March 1674 . He was three times married, first to Jane, daughter of See also:Viscount See also:Savage, by whom he had one son; then to Honora de See also:Burgh, daughter of Richard, earl of St Albans and See also:Clanricarde, by whom he had four sons; and then to See also:Isabella See also:Howard, daughter of Viscount See also:Stafford .

See See also:

Doyle, See also:Official Baronage (London, 1886) ; and J . A . See also:Froude, See also:History of England (London, 1856-187o), for the first marquess; J . P . See also:Collier, See also:Bibliographical See also:Account of See also:Early See also:English Literature (London, 1865), for the second marquess; and See also:Clarendon, History of the See also:Rebellion (See also:Oxford, 1886), for the fifth marquess .

End of Article: EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF WINCHESTER
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