EDUARD

WINKELMANN (1838-1896)  , German historian, was born at Danzig on the 25th of June 1838 . He studied at the universities of Berlin and Gottingen, worked at the Monumenta Germaniae historica, and in 1869 became professor of history at the university of Bern, and four years later at Heidelberg . He also spent some time in Russia, teaching at Reval and at the university of Dorpat . He died at Heidelberg on the loth of February 1896 . Winkelrnann wrote a Geschichte der Angelsachsen bis zum Tode Kdnig sElfreds (Berlin, 1883) ; and his residence in Russia induced him to compile a Bibliotheca Livoniae historica (St Petersburg, 1869-187o, and Berlin, 1878) ; but his chief works deal with the history of the Empire during the later middle ages . The most important of these are: Philipp von Schwaben and Otto IV. von Braunschweig (Leipzig . 1813-1878) . Geschichte Kaiser Friedrichs H. and seiner Reiche 1212-1235 (Berlin, 1863) and 1235-1250 (Reval, 1865), Kaiser Friedrich II . (Leipzig, 1889-1898) and other writings on Frederick in the Jahrbiicher der deutschen Geschichte (Leipzig, 1862 fol.) . He edited the Acta imperii inedita (Innsbruck, 188o-1885), and with J . Ficker, Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Wilhelm, Alfons X. and Richard (Innsbruck, 1882, 1901) . Among Winkelmann's other works are Allgemeine Verfassungsgeschichte (Leipzig, 1901) and the Urkundenbuch der Universitdt Heidelberg (Heidelberg, 1886) .