WINSTED  , a

borough in the township of Winchester, Litchfield county, Connecticut, U.S.A., on the Mad and Still rivers, in the N.W. part of the state, about 26 m . N.W. of Hartford . Pop. of the township (189o) 6183; (1900) 7763: of the borough (1900) 6804, of whom 1213 were foreign-born; (1910) 7754 . The borough is served by the New York, New Haven & Hartford and the Central New England railways, and by electric railway to Torrington . Among the public institutions are the William L . Gilbert Home for friendless children and the Gilbert free high school, each endowed with more than $600,000 by William L . Gilbert, a prominent citizen; the Beardsley public library (1874), the Convent of Saint Margaret of Cortona, a Franciscan monastery, and the Litchfield County Hospital . In a park in the central part of the borough there is a tower (6o ft. high) to the memory of the soldiers of Winsted who fell in the Civil War, and another park contains a soldiers' monument and a memorial fountain . Water power is derived from the Mad river and High-land lake, which is west of the borough and is encircled by the Wakefield boulevard, a seven-mile drive, along which there are many summer cottages . The manufactures include cutlery and edge tools, clocks, silk twist, hosiery, leather, &c . Winsted was settled in 1756 and chartered as a borough in 1858 . The name Winsted was coined from Winchester and Barkhamsted, the latter being the name of the township immediately east of Winchester .

The township of Winchester was incorporated in 1771 . WINSTON-

SALEM, two contiguous cities of Forsyth county, North Carolina, U.S.A., about 115 M . N.W. of Raleigh . Pop. of Winston (r88o) 28J4; (18go) 8o18; (loco) 1o,008 (5043 negroes); (1910) 17,167 . Pop. of Salem (189o) 2711; (1900) 3642 (488 being negroes); (1910) 5533• Both cities are served by the Southern and the Norfolk & Western railways . Since July 1899, when the post office in Salem was made a sub-station of that of Winston, the cities (officially two independent municipalities) have been known by postal and railway authorities as Winston-Salem . Winston is the county-seat and a manufacturing centre . Salem is largely a residential and educational city, with many old-fashioned dwellings, but there are some important manufactories here also; it is the seat of the Salem Academy and College (Moravian) for women, opened as a boarding-school in 1802; and of the Slater Normal and Industrial School (non-sectarian) lot negroes, founded from the Slater Fund in 1892 . The surrounding country produces tobacco of a very superior quality, and to the tobacco industry, introduced in 1872, the growth of Winston is chiefly due; the manufacture of flat plug tobacco here is especially important . The total value of Winston's factory products increased from $4,887,649 in 'goo to $11,353,296 in 1905, or 132'3% . Salem was founded in 1766 by Friedrich Wilhelm von Marschall (1721–1802), a friend of Zinzendorf, and the financial manager of the board controlling the Moravian purchase made in North Carolina in 1753, consisting of 100,000 acres, and called Wachovia . The town was to be the centre of this colony, where missionary work and religious liberty were to be promoted, and it remained the home of the governing board of the Moravian Church in the South .

In 1849 exclusive Moravian

control of Salem's industries and trades was abolished; in 1856 land was first sold to others than Moravians, and in the same year the town was incorporated . Winston was founded in 1851 as the county-seat and was named in honour of Major Joseph Winston (1746–1815), a famous Indian fighter, a soldier during the War of Independence and a representative in Congress in 1793–1795 and 1803-1807 . The growth of the two cities has been rapid since ',goo . See J . H . Clewell, History of Wachovia in North Carolina (New York, 1902) .