WISMAR  , a seaport See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the See also:

• GRAND

grand-duchy of See also:

• MECKLENBURG

Mecklenburg-See also:

• SCHWERIN
• SCHWERIN, KURT CHRISTOPH, COUNT VON (1684–1757)

Schwerin, situated on the See also:

• BAY

Bay of Wismar, one of the best harbours on the Baltic, zo m. by See also:

• RAIL

rail N. of Schwerin . Pop . (1905) 21,902 . The town is well and regularly built, with broad and straight streets, and contains numerous handsome and See also:

• QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint buildings in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, a Gothic edifice of the 13th and 14th centuries, with a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower 260 ft. high, and the church of St See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas (1381-1460), with very lofty vaulting, are regarded as See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good examples of the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence exercised in these northern provinces by the large church of St Mary in See also:

• LUBECK

Lubeck . The elegant cruciform church of St See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• DATES

dates from the 14th and 15th centuries . The Furstenhof, at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a ducal See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence, but now occupied by the municipal authorities, is a richly decorated specimen of the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance style . Built in 1552-1565, it was restored in 1877-1879 . The " Old School," dating from about 1300, has been restored, and is now occupied as a museum . The town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall (rebuilt in 1829) contains a collection of pictures . Among the manufactures of Wismar are See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, machinery, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, roofing-See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt and See also:

• ASPHALT, or ASPHALTUM

asphalt . There is a considerable See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, especially by See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, the exports including See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain, oil-seeds and See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter, and the imports See also:

• COAL

coal, See also:

• TIMBER

timber and iron .

The See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour is deep enough to admit vessels of 17-ft. See also:

• DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught, and permits large steamers to unload along its quays . Two See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles from Wismar lies the watering-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of Wendorf . Wismar is said to have received civic rights in 1229, and came into the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Mecklenburg in 1301 . In the 13th and 14th centuries it was a flourishing Hanse town, with important woollen factories . Though a See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague carried off ro,000 of the inhabitants in 1376, the town seems to have remained tolerably prosperous until the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . By the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen)
• WESTPHALIA, TREATY OF

Westphalia in 1648 it passed to See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden, with a lordship to which it gives its name . In 1803 Sweden pledged both town and lordship to Mecklenburg for 1,258,000 thalers, reserving, however, the right of redemption after See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo years . In view of this contingent right of Sweden, Wismar was not represented in the See also:

• DIET

diet of Mecklenburg until 1897 . In 1903 Sweden finally renounced its claims . Wismar still retains a few See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of its old liberties, including the right to See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly its own See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag . See Burmeister, Beschreibung von Wismar (Wismar, 1857) ; Willgeroth, Geschichte der Stadt Wismar, pt. i . (Wismar, 1898) ; and See also:

• BRUNO (BRUN, BRUNS) OF QUERFURT, SAINT (c. 975-1009)
• BRUNO, GIORDANO (c. 1548-1600)
• BRUNO, or BRUN (925–965)
• BRUNO, SAINT

Bruno See also:

• SCHMIDT, H
• SCHMIDT, HEINRICH JULIAN (1818-1886)
• SCHMIDT, KARL VON (1817-1875)
• SCHMIDT, WILHELM ADOLF (1812-1887)

Schmidt, Der Schwedisch-mecklenburgische Pfandvertrag s ber Stadt and Herrschaft Wismar (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1901) .