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JOHN WITHERSPOON (1723-1794)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 759 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:WITHERSPOON (1723-1794)  , Scottish-See also:American divine and educationalist, was See also:born at See also:Gifford, Yester See also:parish, See also:East See also:Lothian, See also:Scotland; on the 5th of See also:February 1722/1723, the son of a See also:minister of the Scotch Established See also:Church, See also:James See also:Wither-See also:spoon (d . 1759), and a descendant on the See also:distaff See also:side from See also:John Welch and John See also:Knox . He studied at See also:Haddington, and graduated in 1739 at the university of See also:Edinburgh, where he completed a divinity course in 1743 . He was licensed to preach by the Haddington See also:presbytery in 1743, and after two years as a probationer was ordained (1745) minister of the parish of Beith . His Ecclesiastical Characteristics (1753), Serious See also:Apology (1764), and See also:History of a See also:Corporation of Servants discovered a few years ago in the Interior Parts of See also:South See also:America (1765), attacked various abuses in the church and satirized the " moderate " party . In 1757 he had become pastor at See also:Paisley; and in 1769 he received the degree of D.D. from See also:Aberdeen . He was sued for See also:libel for See also:printing a rebuke to some of his parishioners who had travestied the See also:sacrament of the See also:Lord's Supper; and after several years in the courts he was ordered to pay See also:damages of £15o, which was raised by his parishioners . He refused calls to churches in See also:Dublin and See also:Rotterdam, and in 1766 declined an invitation brought him by See also:Richard See also:Stockton to go to America as See also:president See also:WITNESS 759 of the See also:College of New See also:jersey (now See also:Princeton University); but he accepted a second invitation and See also:left Paisley in May 1768 . His See also:close relation with the Scotch Church secured important material assistance for the college of which he now became president, and he toured New See also:England to collect contributions . He secured an excellent set of scientific apparatus and improved the instruction in the natural sciences; he introduced courses in See also:Hebrew and See also:French about 1772; and he did a large See also:part of the actual teaching, having courses in See also:languages, divinity, moral See also:philosophy and eloquence . In the American Presbyterian church he was a prominent figure; he worked for See also:union with the Congregationalists and with the Dutch Reformed See also:body; and at the See also:synod of 1786 he was one of the See also:committee which reported in favour of the formation of a See also:General See also:Assembly and which drafted " a See also:system of general rules for . . . See also:government." In politics he did much to See also:influence Irish and Scotch-Irish Presbyterians to support the Whig party .

He was a member of the provincial See also:

congress which met at New See also:Brunswick in See also:July 1974; presided over the See also:Somerset See also:county committee of corre- spondence in 1774—1775; was a member of the New Jersey constitutional See also:convention in the See also:spring of 1776; and from See also:June 1776 to the autumn of 1779 and in 1780—1783 he was a member of the See also:Continental Congress, where he urged the See also:adoption of the See also:Declaration of See also:Independence, being the only clergyman to sign it . He became a member of the See also:secret committee of See also:correspondence in See also:October 1776, of the See also:Board of See also:War in October 1777, and of the committee on See also:finance in 1778 . He opposed the issue of See also:paper See also:money, supported See also:Robert See also:Morris's See also:plan for a See also:national See also:bank, and was prominently connected with all Congressional See also:action in regard to the See also:peace with See also:Great See also:Britain . He had lost the sight of one See also:eye in 1784, and in 1791 became quite See also:blind . He died on his See also:farm, See also:Tusculum, near Princeton, on the 15th of See also:November 1794 . There is a statue of See also:Witherspoon in Fairmount See also:Park, See also:Philadelphia, and another on the University Library at Princeton . His See also:Essay on the Connexion between the See also:Doctrine of See also:Justification by the Imputed Righteousness of See also:Christ and Holiness of See also:Life (1756) was his See also:principal theological See also:work . He also published several sermons, and Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the See also:British See also:Parliament (1774), sometimes attributed to See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin . His collected See also:works, with a memoir by his son-in-See also:law, See also:Samuel See also:Stanhope See also:Smith (who succeeded him as president of the college), were edited by Dr Ashbel See also:Green (New See also:York, 1801–1802) . See also See also:David See also:Walker See also:Woods, John Witherspoon (New York, 1906) ; and M . C . See also:Tyler, See also:Literary History of the American Revolution, vol. ii .

(1897) .

End of Article: JOHN WITHERSPOON (1723-1794)
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