See also:

• WLADISLAUS (WLADISLAW)

WLADISLAUS I  . (1260-1333), See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland, called Lokietek, or " Span-See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long," from his diminutive stature, was the re-creator of the See also:

• POLISH

Polish See also:

• REALM

realm, which in consequence of See also:

• INTERNAL

internal quarrels had at the end of the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century split up into fourteen in-dependent principalities, and become an easy See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey to her neighbours, Bohemia, Lithuania, and, most dangerous of all, the See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order . In 1296 the gentry of See also:

• GREAT

Great Poland elected See also:

• WLADISLAUS (WLADISLAW)

Wladislaus, then See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Cujavia, to reign over them; but In Hungarian See also:

• HISTORY

history the Polish Wladislaus (Ma g. is distinguished from the Hungarian See also:

• LADISLAUS [I.]

Ladislaus (Laszlo . They are reckoned separately for purposes of numbering . Besides the Wladislaus See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of Poland, there were three earlier See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of this name: Wladislaus I . (d . 1102), Wladislaus II . (of See also:

• CRACOW (Pol. Krakov; Ger. Krakau)

Cracow, d . 1163) and Wladislaus III., See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Great Poland and Cracow (d . 1231) . By some historians these are included in the numbering of the Polish sovereigns, King Wladislaus I. being thus IV. and so on.distrusting the capacity of the taciturn little See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, they changed their minds and placed themselves under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the powerful See also:

• WENCESLAUS (1361-1419)

Wenceslaus, king of Bohemia, who was crowned at See also:

• GNESEN (Polish, Gniezno)

Gnesen in 1300 . Wladislaus thereupon went to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, where See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface VIII., jealous of the growing See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Bohemia, adopted his cause; and on the See also:

• DEATH

death of Wenceslaus in 1305 Wladislaus succeeded in uniting beneath his sway the principalities of Little and Great Poland .

From the first he was beset with great difficulties . The towns, mostly of See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German origin, and the prelates headed by Muskata, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Cracow, were against him because he endeavoured to make use of their riches for the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the sorely pressed See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . The rebellious magistrates of Cracow he succeeded in suppressing, but he had to invoke the aid of the Teutonic Order to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save See also:

• DANZIG, or DANTSIC (Polish Gdansk)

Danzig from the margraves of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, thus saddling Poland with a far more dangerous enemy; for the Order not only proceeded to treat Danzig as a conquered See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, but claimed See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the whole of See also:

• POMERANIA (German, Pommern)

Pomerania . Wladislaus thereupon (1317) appealed to Pope See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John XXII., and a tribunal of See also:

• LOCAL

local prelates appointed by the See also:

• HOLY

holy see ultimately (Feb . 9, 1321) pronounced See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment in favour of Wladislaus, and condemned the Order not only to restore Pomerania but also to pay heavy See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages . But the knights appealed to Rome; the pope reversed the judgment of his own tribunal; and the only result of these negotiations was a long and bloody six years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war (1327-1333) between Poland and the Order, in which all the princes of Central See also:

• EUROPE

Europe took See also:

• PART

part, See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary and Lithuania siding with Wladislaus, and Bohemia, Masovia and See also:

• SILESIA

Silesia with the Order . It was not till the last See also:

• YEAR

year but one of his See also:

• LIFE

life that Wladislaus succeeded with the aid of his Hungarian See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies in inflicting upon the knights their first serious See also:

• REVERSE

reverse at Plowce (27th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1332) . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1333 he died . He had laid the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of a strong Polish See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy, and with the consent of the pope revived the royal dignity, being solemnly crowned king of Poland at Cracow on the loth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1320 . His reign is remarkable for the development of the Polish constitution, the gentry and prelates being admitted to some See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . See Max Perlbach, Preussisch-polnische Studien zur Geschichte See also:

• DES

des Mittelalters (See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, 1886); See also:

• JULIUS

Julius A . G. von Pflugk-Harttung, Der deutsche Orden See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Kampfe Ludwigs des Bayern mit der Kurie (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1900) .