See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")  , a See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution in the continuity of the soft parts of the See also:

• BODY

body . Contused wounds, or bruises, are injuries to the cellular tissues in which the skin is not broken . In parts where the tissues are lax the signs of swelling and discoloration are more noticeable than in the tenser tissues . The discoloration is caused by See also:

• HAEMORRHAGE (Gr. atµa, blood, and prryvvvac, to burst)

haemorrhage into the tissues (ecchymosis), and passes from dark See also:

• PURPLE

purple through See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green to yellow before it disappears . If a considerable amount of See also:

• BLOOD

blood is poured forth into the injured tissues it is termed a haematoma . The treatment of a bruise consists in the application of See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold lotion, preferably an evaporating spirit-lotion, to limit the subcutaneous bleeding . The haemorrhage usually becomes absorbed of its own See also:

• ACCORD (from Fr. accorder, to agree)

accord even in haematomata, but should suppuration threaten an incision must be made and the cavity aseptically evacuated . Open wounds are divided into incised, lacerated, punctured and gunshot wounds . Incised wounds are made by any See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument and have their edges evenly cut . In these wounds there is usually See also:

• FREE

free haemorrhage, as the vessels are cleanly divided . Lacerated wounds are those in which the edges of the See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound are torn irregularly . Such injuries occur frequently from accidents with machinery or See also:

• BLUNT, JOHN HENRY (1823–1884)
• BLUNT, JOHN JAMES (1794–1855)
• BLUNT, WILFRID SCAWEN (184o— )

blunt See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments, or from bites by animals .

The haemorrhage is less than from incised wounds, and the edges may be bruised . Punctured wounds are those in which the See also:

• DEPTH

depth is greater than the See also:

• EXTERNAL

external opening . They are generally produced by sharp-pointed instruments . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief danger arises from puncture of large blood-vessels, or injury to important structures such as occur in the See also:

• THORAX (Gr. BWpaE, breastplate, also the part of the body covered by it)

thorax and See also:

• ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

abdomen . It is also difficult to keep such wounds surgically clean and to obtain apposition of their deeper parts, and septic germs are often carried in with the instrument . The treatment of incised wounds is to See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest the bleeding (see HAEMORRHAGE), cleanse the wound and its surroundings, removing all See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign bodies (splinters, See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass, &c.), and obtain apposition of the cut surfaces . This is usually done by means of sutures or stitches of See also:

• SILK

silk, See also:

• CATGUT

catgut, silkwormgut or See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire . If the wound can be rendered aseptic, incised wounds usually heal by first intention . In lacerated wounds there is danger of suppuration, sloughing, See also:

• ERYSIPELAS

erysipelas or See also:

• TETANUS (from Gr. rei:vw, I stretch, on account of the tension of the fibres of the affected muscles), or LOCKJAW

tetanus . These wounds do not heal by first intention, and there is consequently considerable scarring . The exact amount of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time occupied in the repair depends upon the presence or not of septic material, as lacerated wounds are very difficult to cleanse properly . Carbolic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid lotion should be used for cleansing, while torn or ragged portions should be cut away and See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision made for free drainage .

It is not always possible to apply sutures at first, but the wound may be packed with See also:

• IODOFORM, CHI3

iodoform See also:

• GAUZE

gauze, and later, when a clean granulating See also:

• SURFACE

surface has been obtained, skin-grafting may be required . In extensive lacerated wounds, where the flesh has been stripped from the bones, where there is spreading See also:

• GANGRENE (from Gr. y&yypawa, an eating sore, from ypaivewv, to gnaw)

gangrene, or in such wounds in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with comminuted fractures or with severe See also:

• SEPSIS (Gr. Qi7,/iss, putrefaction), or SEPTIC INFECTION

sepsis supervening, amputation of a See also:

• LIMB

limb may be called for . Punctured wounds should be syringed with carbolic lotion, and all splinters and foreign bodies removed . The location of needles is rendered comparatively easy by the use of the See also:

• RONTGEN, DAVID
• RONTGEN, WILHELM KONRAD (1845– )

Rontgen rays; the wound can then be packed with gauze and drained . If a large See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel should have been injured, the wound may have to be laid open and the bleeding vessel secured . Should See also:

• PARALYSIS, or PALSY (from Gr. aapal,6a , to relax; Wycliffe has palesy, and another old form of the word is parlesy)

paralysis indicate that a large See also:

• NERVE (Lat. nervus, Gr. vevpov, a bowstring)

nerve has been divided, the wound must also be laid open in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to suture the injured structure . It is only possible here to mention some of the See also:

• SPECIAL

special characteristics of gunshot wounds . In the See also:

• MODERN

modern small-See also:

• BORE

bore See also:

• RIFLE

rifle -(See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee-Metford, Mauser) the See also:

• APERTURE (from Lat. aperire, to open)

aperture of entry is small and the aperture of exit larger and more slit-like . There is usually but little haemorrhage . Should no large vessel be torn, and should no portion of septic clothing be carried in, the wound may heal by first intention . Such bullets may be said to disable without killing . They may See also:

• DRILL

drill a clean hole in a See also:

• BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
• BONE, HENRY (1755-1834)

bone without a fracture, but sometimes there is much splintering .

Abdominal wounds may be so small that the See also:

• INTESTINE (Lat. intestinus, internal, usually in neuter plural intestina. from intus, within)

intestine may be penetrated and adhesions of neighbouring coils of intestine See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the aperture . See also:

• MARTINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1706–1784)
• MARTINI, SIMONE (1283-1344)

Martini-See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry bullets make larger apertures, while soft-nosed or " dum-dum " bullets spread out as soon as the See also:

• BULLET (Fr. boulet, diminutive of boule, ball)

bullet strikes, causing See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MUTILATION (from Lat. mutilus, maimed)

mutilation and destruction of the tissues . See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

Shell wounds cause extensive lacerations . Small shot may inflict serious injury should one of the pellets enter the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye . In gunshot wounds at See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance the skin may be blackened owing to the particles of See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon lodging in it . The chief dangers of gunshot wounds are haemorrhage, See also:

• SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

shock and the carrying in of septic material or clothing into the wound .