See also:

• WYOMING

WYOMING VALLEY  , a valley on the N. See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Susquehanna See also:

• RIVER

river, in Luzerne See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania, U.S.A . Its name is a corruption of a See also:

• DELAWARE

Delaware See also:

• INDIAN

Indian word meaning " large plains." The valley, properly speaking, is about 31 M. wide and about 25 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, but the See also:

• TERM

term is sometimes used historically in a broader sense to include all of the territory in the N.E. of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state once in dispute between Pennsylvania and See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut . In Connecticut the Susquehanna See also:

• LAND

Land See also:

• COMPANY

Company was formed in 1753 to colonize the valley, and the Delaware Land Company was formed in 1754 for the region immediately W. of the Delaware river . The rights of the Six Nations to all this territory were See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased at See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, by the Susquehanna Company in 17J4, but the See also:

• WORK

work of colonization was delayed for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by the Seven Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . A few colonists sent out by the Susquehanna Company settled at See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek near the See also:

• PRESENT

present site of i In See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of De See also:

• FOREST

Forest See also:

• RICHARDS, ALFRED BATE (182o-1876)
• RICHARDS, HENRY BRINLEY (1819-1865)
• RICHARDS, WILLIAM TROST (1833-1905)

Richards, deceased.Wilkes-See also:

• BARRE
• BARRE, ISAAC (1726-1802)

Barre in 1763, but were (See also:

• OCTOBER

October 15th) attacked and driven away by the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians . In See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1768 the company divided a See also:

• PART

part of the valley into five townships of 5 sq. m. each, granting to See also:

• FORTY

forty proprietors the choice of one of these on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition that they should take See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of it by the 1st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1769, and the other four townships to 200 settlers on condition that they should follow by the 1st of May . The first See also:

• GROUP

group arrived on the 8th of February, the first See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the larger See also:

• BODY

body on the 12th of May, and the five See also:

• ORIGINAL

original towns of Wilkes-Barre (q.v.), See also:

• KINGSTON
• KINGSTON, ELIZABETH, DUCHESS OF (1720-1788)
• KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES (1814-188o)

Kingston (q.v.), See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover,2 See also:

• PLYMOUTH
• PLYMOUTH, EARLS OF

Plymouth and See also:

• PITTSTON

Pittston were soon founded . In the meantime the Six Nations (in 1768) had repudiated their See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of the region to the Susquehanna Company and had sold it to the Penns; the Penns had erected here the manors of Stoke and See also:

• SUNBURY

Sunbury, the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Pennsylvania had commissioned See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
• STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
• STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
• STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
• STEWART, J
• STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
• STEWART, JULIUS L
• STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
• STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
• STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
• STEWART, STUART
• STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)

Stewart, See also:

• AMOS
• AMOS, SHELDON (1835–1886)

Amos See also:

• OGDEN

Ogden and others to See also:

• LAY

lay out these manors, and they had arrived and taken possession of the See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house and huts at Mill Creek in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1769 . The conflict which followed between the Pennsylvania and the Connecticut settlers is known as the first Pennamite-See also:

• YANKEE

Yankee War . Although defeated in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early stages of the conflict, the Yankees or Connecticut settlers finally rallied in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1771 and compelled the Pennsylvanians to See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat, and the war terminated with the defeat of See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• PLUNKET, OLIVER (1629—1681)
• PLUNKET, WILLIAM CONYNGHAM PLUNKET, 1ST BARON (1764—1854)

Plunket (1720-1791) and about 700 Pennsylvanians by a force of 300 Yankees under Colonel Zebulon See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler (1731-1795) in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of " Rampart Rocks " on the 25th of December 1775 . The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly of Connecticut, in January 1774, erected the valley into the See also:

• TOWN

town-See also:

• SHIP

ship of Westmoreland and attached it to See also:

• LITCHFIELD

Litchfield county, and in October 1776 the same body erected it into Westmoreland county . On the 3rd of See also:

• JULY

July 1778, while a considerable number of the able-bodied men were absent in the Connecticut service, a See also:

• MOTLEY
• MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP (1814–1897)

motley force of about 400 men and boys under Colonel Zebulon Butler were attacked and defeated near Kingston in the " battle of See also:

• WYOMING

Wyoming " by about 'too See also:

• BRITISH

British, Provincial (Tory) and Indian troops under See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Butler, and nearly three-fourths were killed or taken prisoners and subsequently massacred .

See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell's poem,Gertrude of Wyoming (1809), is based on this See also:

• EPISODE

episode, various liberties being taken with the facts . As the War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence came to a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close the old trouble with Pennsylvania was revived . A See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• ARBITRATION (Lat. arbitrari, to examine or judge)
• ARBITRATION, INTERNATIONAL

arbitration appointed by the See also:

• CONTINENTAL

Continental See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress met at Trenton, New See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey, in 1782, and on December 3oth gave a unanimous decision in favour of Pennsylvania . The refusal of the Pennsylvania government to confirm the private land titles of the settlers, and the arbitrary conduct of a certain See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander Patterson whom they sent up to take See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of affairs, resulted in 1784 in the outbreak of the second Pennamite-Yankee War . The Yankees were dispossessed, but they took up arms and the government of Pennsylvania despatched General John See also:

• ARMSTRONG, ARCHIBALD (d. 1672)
• ARMSTRONG, JOHN (1709-1779)
• ARMSTRONG, JOHN (1758—1843)
• ARMSTRONG, SAMUEL CHAPMAN (1839—1893)
• ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM GEORGE ARMSTRONG, BARON (1810—1900)

Armstrong with a force of 400 men to aid Patterson . Armstrong induced both parties to give up their arms with a promise of impartial See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice and See also:

• PROTECTION

protection, and as soon as the Yankees were defenceless he made them prisoners . This treachery and the harsh treatment by Patterson created a strong public See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion in favour of the Yankees, and the government was compelled to adopt a milder policy . Patterson was withdrawn, the disputed territory was erected into the new county of Luzerne (1786), the land titles were confirmed (1787), and Colonel See also:

• TIMOTHY
• TIMOTHY, FIRST EPISTLE TO
• TIMOTHY, SECOND EPISTLE TO

Timothy See also:

• PICKERING
• PICKERING, EDWARD CHARLES (1846- )
• PICKERING, TIMOTHY (174 1829)

Pickering (q.v.) was commissioned to organize the new county and to effect a reconciliation . But a few of the settlers under the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead of Colonel John See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin (1749-1831) attempted to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate state government . Franklin was .seized and imprisoned, under a See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant from the State Supreme Court . As Pickering was held responsible for Franklin's imprisonment, some of Franklin's followers in See also:

• RETALIATION

retaliation kidnapped Pickering and carrying him into the See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods, tried in vain for nearly three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks to get from him a promise to intercede for Franklin's See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon . The trouble was again revived by the See also:

• REPEAL (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal)

repeal in 1790 of the confirming See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act 2 Several Scotch-Irish families from See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, accepted Connecticut titles and settled at Hanover under See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• LAZARUS (a contracted form of the Heb. name Eleazar, " God has helped," Gr. Aiq-apos)
• LAZARUS, EMMA (1849–1887)
• LAZARUS, HENRY (1815–1895)
• LAZARUS, MORITZ (1824–1903)
• LAZARUS, ST, ORDER OF

Lazarus Stewart .

of 1787 and by a subsequent decision of the See also:

• UNITED

United States See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

Circuit Court, unfavourable to the Yankees, in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• VAN

Van See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn versus Dorrance . All of the claims were finally confirmed, by a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of statutes passed in 1799, 1802 and 1807 . Since i8o8, mainly through the development of its See also:

• COAL

coal mines (see PITTSTON, PA.), the valley has made remarkable progress both in See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and in See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . For a thorough study of the early See also:

• HISTORY

history of Wyoming Valley see O . J . See also:

• HARVEY
• HARVEY, GABRIEL (c. 1545-1630)
• HARVEY, SIR GEORGE (1806-1876)
• HARVEY, WILLIAM (1578—1657)

Harvey, A History of . Wilkes-Barre (3 vols., Wilkes-Barre, 1909–1910) ; see also H . M . Hoyt, Brief of a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

Title in the Seventeen Townships in the County of Luzerne (See also:

• HARRISBURG

Harrisburg, 1879) .