YALE UNIVERSITY  , the third See also:

• OLDEST

oldest university in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, at New Haven, See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut . The founders of the New Haven See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony, like those of See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts See also:

• BAY

Bay, cherished the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of a See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college as an essential See also:

• PART

part of their ideal of a See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state,, of which See also:

• EDUCATION

education and See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion should be the basis and the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief fruits . New Haven since 1644 had contributed annually to the support of Harvard College, but the distance of the See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge school from See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern New See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England seemed in these days considerable; and a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate educational establishment was also called for by a divergent development in politics and See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . Yale was founded by ministers selected by the churches of the colony, as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Clap said, to the end that they might " educate ministers in our own way." Though " College See also:

• LAND

land " was set apart in 1647,1 Yale College had its actual beginning in 1700 when a few clergymen met in the New Haven with the purpose " to stand as trustees or undertakers to found, erect and govern the College " for which at various times donations of books and See also:

• MONEY

money had been made . The formal establishment was in 1701 . The Connecticut legislature in See also:

• OCTOBER

October granted a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter which seems to have been partly drafted by See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

Judge See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• SEWALL, SAMUEL (1652-1730)

Sewall of See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston; the See also:

• MATHER, COTTON (1663-1728)
• MATHER, INCREASE (1639-1723)
• MATHER, RICHARD (1596-1668)

Mather See also:

• FAMILY

family also were among those in Boston who welcomed and laboured for the establishment of a See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary of a stricter theology than Harvard, and the ten 2 clergymen who were the founders and first trustees of the College were graduates of Harvard . The legislature, fearful of provoking in England See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention either to the new school or to the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers used in chartering it, assumed merely to license a " collegiate school," and made its powers of conferring degrees as unobtrusive as possible . In 1702 the teaching of Yale began . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years the upper students studied where the See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector lived, and considerable See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of the See also:

• LOWER

lower students were See also:

• DRAWN

drawn off by their tutors to different towns . In 1716 the trustees See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased a See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot in New Haven, and in the next See also:

• YEAR

year the College was established there by the legislature . Commencement was held at New Haven in the same year, but the last of the several student bodies did not disband until 1719 . The school did not gain a name until the completion of the first See also:

• BUILDING

building in 1718 .

This had been made possible by a See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift from Elihu Yale (1649-1721), a native of Boston and son of one of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original settlers of New Haven; he had amassed See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• WEALTH

wealth in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, where he was, See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company's See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement at See also:

• MADRAS

Madras . The trustees accordingly named it Yale College in his See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . The charter of 1701 stated that the end of the school was the instruction of youth " in the arts and sciences," that they might be fitted " for public employment, both in See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and See also:

• CIVIL

civil state." To the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, however, who controlled the College, theology was the basis, See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security and test of " arts and sciences." In 1722 the rector, See also:

• TIMOTHY
• TIMOTHY, FIRST EPISTLE TO
• TIMOTHY, SECOND EPISTLE TO

Timothy See also:

• CUTLER, MANASSEH (1742-1823)

Cutler, was dismissed because of a leaning toward See also:

• EPISCOPACY (from Late Lat. episcopatus, the office of a bishop, episcopas)

Episcopacy . Various See also:

• SPECIAL

special tests were employed to preserve the doctrinal purity of Calvinism among the instructors; that of the students was carefully looked after . In 1753 a stringent test was fixed by the See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

Corporation to ensure the orthodoxy of the teachers . This was abolished in 1778 . From 18o8 to 1818 the President and tutors were obliged to signify assent to a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general formulation of orthodox belief . When See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• WHITEFIELD,

Whitefield, in 1740, initiated by his See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching the " Great Awakening," a See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• SCHISM

schism resulted in Connecticut between " Old See also:

• LIGHTS, CEREMONIAL USE OF

Lights " and " New Lights." When the College set up an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent church the Old Lights made the contention that the College did not owe its See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation to the original trustees, but to the first charter granted by the legislature, which might therefore See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control the College . This claim President Clap triumphantly controverted (1763), but Yale See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in See also:

• CON

con-sequence under popular distrust, and her growth was delayed by the shutting off of See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial aid from the legislature . By the first charter (1701) the trustees of the College were required to be ministers (for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, practically, 1 In 1668 the See also:

• HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN (1857— )
• HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)
• HOPKINS, MARK (1802—1887)
• HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)
• HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1793–1866)

Hopkins See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

Grammar School, next after the Boston Latin School the oldest educational institution of this grade in the United States, was established in New Haven . 2 This number was increased to eleven, the full number allowed by the charter, within a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month after it was granted . Congregationalists) residing in the colony .

By a supplementary See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of 1723 the rector was made ex-officio a trustee . By a second charter (1745) ample powers were conferred upon the president (rector) and See also:

• FELLOWS, SIR CHARLES (1799-1860)

fellows, constituting together a governing See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board or Corporation . This charter is still in force . In 1792 the governor and See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-governor of the state, and six state senators, were made ex-officio members of the Corporation . In 1872 the six senators were replaced by six graduates, chosen by the alumni See also:

• BODY

body . The clerical See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element still constitutes one See also:

• HALF

half of the Corporation . In the first half of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, under the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead of Nathaniel W . See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor (q.v.), the Divinity School of Yale became nationally prominent for " Taylorism " or " New Haven Theology." Daily attendance at prayers is still required of all college students . The first college professorship established was that of divinity (17J5), which, in a sense, was the beginning of extra-college or university See also:

• WORK

work . The theological See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department was not organized as a distinct school until 1822 . In 1770 a second professorship was established, of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and natural See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . Timothy See also:

• DWIGHT, JOHN (d. 1703)
• DWIGHT, JOHN SULLIVAN (1813-1893)
• DWIGHT, THEODORE WILLIAM (1822-1892)
• DWIGHT, TIMOTHY (1752-1817)

Dwight (president, 1795-1817) planned the establishment of professional See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools; his See also:

• TERM

term saw the foundation of the Medical School (1813) besides the Divinity School .

In 1803 a See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair was created for See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• SILLIMAN, BENJAMIN (1779-1864)

Silliman, Sr . (1779-1864) in See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry and natural See also:

• HISTORY

history; See also:

• ENGLISH

English grammar and See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography did not disappear from the curriculum until 1826, nor See also:

• ARITHMETIC (Gr. apeOµ7run7, sc. TEXVn, the art of counting, from (ipLBµos, number)

arithmetic until 1830; See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ECONOMY

economy was introduced in 1825, and See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages (See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French) in the same year . Not until 1847 did modern history receive separate recognition . The Library had been given the status of an independent department in 1843 . Compulsory See also:

• COMMONS

commons were abolished in 1842, thus removing one feature of a private boarding school . See also:

• CORPORAL

Corporal See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment (" cuffing " of the offender's ears by the President) had disappeared before the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence; and so also had the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing the students' names according to their social See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, and using a " degradation " in See also:

• PRECEDENCE (from Lat. praecedere, to go before, precede)

precedence as punishment; while Dwight abolished the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient custom of See also:

• FAGGING (from " fag," meaning " weary"; of uncertain etymology)

fagging, and the undemocratic See also:

• SYSTEM

system of fines that enabled a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich student to live as he pleased at the expense only of his See also:

• POCKET

pocket . The School of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law was established in 1843 . Instruction to graduates in non-professional courses seems to have been begun in 1826 . The See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward E . See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury to the chair of Arabic and See also:

• SANSKRIT

Sanskrit (1841) was the first See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision at Yale for the instruction of graduates by professors independent of the College . About the same time See also:

• GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

graduate instruction in chemistry became important . (In 1846 also a chair of agricultural chemistry was established—the first in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country.) In 1846 an extra-College department of Philosophy and Arts was created, conferring degrees since 1852; and from this were separated in 1854 the sciences, which were entrusted to a separate Scientific School, the original See also:

• PROMOTER

promoter of agricultural experiment stations in the United States .

Since that time this school and the College have See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed much as complementary and co-See also:

• ORDINATE

ordinate schools of undergraduates, Yale affording in this respect a very marked contrast with Harvard . Graduate instruction was concentrated in 1871 into a distinct Graduate School . This with the three traditional professional schools—the See also:

• ART

Art School, established in 1866 (instruction since 1869), and the first university art school of the country, the See also:

• MUSIC

Music School, established in 1894 (instruction since 1890), and the See also:

• FOREST

Forest School, established in 'goo—make up the University, around the College . For the See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding of the See also:

• PEABODY
• PEABODY, ANDREW PRESTON (1811–1893)
• PEABODY, ELIZABETH PALMER (1804-1894)
• PEABODY, GEORGE (1795-1869)

Peabody Museum of @Natural History, George Peabody, of See also:

• LONDON

London, contributed $150,000 in 1866 . The See also:

• OBSERVATORY

Observatory, devoted exclusively to See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, was established in 1871 . In 1887 the name Yale " University " was adopted . The organic unity of the whole was then recognized by throwing open to students of any department the advantages of all . In 1886, for the first time, a president was chosen who was not of the College See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty, but from the University faculty . Great as were the changes in the See also:

• METAMORPHOSIS

metamorphosis of old Yale, none had more See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence upon its real and inner See also:

• LIFE

life than the See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the freedom accorded the students inthe selection of their studies . In 1854 there was no See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election permissible until See also:

• LATE

late in the Junior year . In 1876, 1884 and 1893 such freedom was greatly extended . In 1892 the work of the Graduate School was formally opened to See also:

• WOMEN

women (some professors having admitted them for years past by special consent) .

Yale was the first college in New England to take this step . The buildings number sixty-four in all . Connecticut See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall (1750–52), long known as See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle College, a See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick building, is the only See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the colonial See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style (restored, 1905) . Around it are fourteen buildings forming a quadrangle on the College campus on the W. See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the New Haven See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green, between See also:

• ELM

Elm and See also:

• CHAPEL

Chapel Streets . The oldest are the Old Library (1842) and Alumni Hall (1853) . Others are the Art School (1864), Farnam Hall (1869), Durfee Hall (1870), Lawrance Hall (1886), See also:

• BATTEN
• BATTEN, SIR WILLIAM (floruit 1626-1667)

Batten Chapel (1876), See also:

• OSBORN, SHERARD (1822—1875)

Osborn Hall (1889), See also:

• VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS (1794–1877)

Vanderbilt Hall (1894), Chittenden Hall (1888) and Linsly Hall (1908) . Dwight Hall, erected in 1886 for the Yale University Christian Association, Welch See also:

• FLAIL (from Lat. flagellum, a whip or scourge, but used in the Vulgate in the sense of " flail "; the word appears in Dutch vegel, Ger. Flegel, and Fr. Pau)

Flail (1892) and See also:

• PHELPS, AUSTIN (182o-1890)
• PHELPS, EDWARD JOHN (1822-I900)
• PHELPS, SAMUEL (1804-1878)

Phelps Hall See also:

• COMPLETE

complete the quadrangle . Across from the W. side of the quadrangle is the Peabody Museum (1876) . On the N. side of Elm See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street is a See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row of buildings, including the Gymnasium (1892), the Divinity School (1870) and the Law School (1897) . University See also:

• AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)

Avenue leads N. from the College campus to the University See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court or campus, on which are the Bicentennial Buildings (1901–2) . E. and N.E. of the University court are the buildings of the See also:

• SHEFFIELD
• SHEFFIELD, JOHN BAKER HOLROYD, 1ST EARL

Sheffield Scientific School . Farther N.E. are the Observatory, See also:

• HAMMOND
• HAMMOND, HENRY (1605-1660)

Hammond Metallurgical Laboratory, Forestry Building and Infirmary, and to the S.W. of the College campus are the Medical School and University Clinic .

The University is organized in four departments—Philosophy and the Arts, Theology, See also:

• MEDICINE

Medicine, and Law—each with a distinct faculty . The first embraces the Academical Department (College), the Sheffield Scientific School,—named in honour of See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• EARLE, JOHN (c. 16o1-1665)
• EARLE, RALPH (1751-1801)

Earle Sheffield (1793–1882), a generous benefactor,—the School of the See also:

• FINE

Fine Arts, the Department of Music, the Graduate School and the Forest School, founded in 1900 by a gift of $150,000 from J . W . Pinchot and his wife . Other institutions organized independently of any one department are: the Library, the Peabody Museum of Natural History, the Astronomical Observatory and the Botanical See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden, established in 1900 on the See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor O . C . See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

Marsh . The special treasures of the Library include the classical library of See also:

• ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

Ernst See also:

• CURTIUS, ERNST (1814-1896)
• CURTIUS, MARCUS

Curtius; the collection of See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental books and See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts made by Edward E . Salisbury (1814–1901); the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese library of Samuel See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams (1812–1884); a See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese collection of above 3000 volumes; the Scandinavian library of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Riant; the collection of Arabic manuscripts made by Count Landberg; the political See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science collection of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert von See also:

• MOHL, HUGO VON (1805–1872)
• MOHL, JULIUS VON (1800–1876)

Mohl; a copy of See also:

• NEWTON
• NEWTON, ALFRED (1829–1907)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1725-1807)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1823-1895)
• NEWTON, SIR CHARLES THOMAS (1816-1894)
• NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (1642-1727)

Newton's Principia presented to the College by the author; manuscripts of See also:

• JONATHAN
• JONATHAN (Heb. " Yah [weh] gives ")

Jonathan See also:

• EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
• EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
• EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
• EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
• EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
• EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
• EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
• EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
• EDWARDS, T
• EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)

Edwards; and large parts of a gift of nearly a thousand volumes given to Yale in 1733 by See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop George See also:

• BERKELEY
• BERKELEY, GEORGE (1685–1753)
• BERKELEY, MILES JOSEPH (1803-1889)
• BERKELEY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1608-1677)

Berkeley, who also gave to the College his See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• FARM

farm, as a basis of a scholarship, the first established in See also:

• AMERICA

America . The Library is especially strong in the departments of American history, See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval history and English dramatic literature . Its See also:

• TOTAL

total number of volumes in 1910 was nearly 600,000, exclusive of many thousand See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets . The Peabody Museum contains an unrivalled collection of See also:

• SILURIAN

Silurian See also:

• TRILOBITES

trilobites; a fine collection of pseudo-morphs; a beautiful collection of Chinese See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic work in See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone made by Samuel Wells Williams; a notable mineralogical collection; a fine collection of meteorites made by Professor See also:

• HUBERT (HUCBERTUS, HUGBERTUS), ST (d. 727)

Hubert See also:

• ANSON, GEORGE ANSON, BARON (1697-1762)

Anson Newton (1830–1896); and the magnificent palaeontological collection of Professor O .

C . Marsh . The School of the Fine Arts possesses the Jarves See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery of See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian art, a remarkable collection of Italian " primitives " dating from the 11th to the 17th century; the Alden collection of Belgian See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-carvings, of the 17th century; and a large collection of modern paintings among which are fifty-four pictures by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• TRUMBULL, JAMES HAMMOND (1821-1897)
• TRUMBULL, JOHN (1750-1831)
• TRUMBULL, JOHN (1756-1843)
• TRUMBULL, JONATHAN (1710-1785)
• TRUMBULL, LYMAN (1813-1896)

Trumbull . The organization of the Trumbull collection in 1831 was the first step taken in the United States toward the introduction of the fine arts into a university . The equipment of the Observatory consists principally of a six-See also:

• INCH (O. Eng. ynce from Lat. uncia, a twelfthpart; cf. " ounce," and see As)

inch See also:

• HELIOMETER (from Gr. iXtos, sun, and p.Erpov, a measure)

heliometer by See also:

• REPSOLD, JOHANN GEORG (1771–1830)

Repsold, an eight-inch See also:

• EQUATORIAL

equatorial by Grubb, and two sets of equatorially mounted cameras for photo-graphing meteors . In the College and the Medical School four years are required to complete the course of instruction ; in the Divinity School and the Law School, three years; in the Forest School, two years; and in the Scientific School there are both three-year and five-year courses, five years being required for all See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering degrees . Ad-See also:

• MISSION

mission to the College is gained only by passing an examination in Latin, See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek or substitutes for Greek, French or See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German, English, mathematics and ancient history . See also:

• ADMISSION

Admission to the Scientific School is also only by examination . Substantially the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent of a college degree is required for admission to the Divinity School, but the Medical School and the Law School require only two years of college work, and a student may obtain a degree from Yale College and a degree in divinity, medicine or law in six years . The Forest School, with an extensive equipment at New Haven and a Forest Experiment Station comprising about 200 acres of forest and on land at See also:

• MILFORD

Milford, See also:

• PIKE
• PIKE, ZEBULON MONTGOMERY (1779-1813)

Pike See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania—the estate of J . W . Pinchot—is open only to such graduates of colleges and scientific schools as have had a suitable scientific training, especially in advanced See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany .

It confers the degree of See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

Master of Forestry . In the College the individual courses are arranged in twenty-six groups within three divisions, and each student must complete before See also:

• GRADUATION (see also GRADUATE)

graduation both a See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major and a See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor in some one of the three divisions and one minor in each of the other two divisions . In the Freshman and See also:

• SOPHOMORE

Sophomore years the student's freedom of election is further restricted . In the Scientific School there is a somewhat different system of groups . The College confers only the degree of See also:

• BACHELOR (from Med. Lat. baccalarius, with its late and rare variant baccalaris—cf. Ital. baccalare—through O. Fr. bacheler)

Bachelor of Arts, but the Scientific School confers the degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy, Master of Science (requiring at least one year of See also:

• RESIDENT

resident graduate study), and the engineering degrees . In the Divinity School the student has the choice of three courses—the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical, the philosophical and the See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical—or, by the use of electives, he may combine the three; the study of See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew is required only in the historical course . In the Law School there is one course for candidates for the degree of Bachelor of See also:

• LAWS

Laws and another for candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law, the latter requiring the study of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman law and allowing the substitution of certain studies in political science for some of the law subjects . The Graduate School confers the degrees of Master of Arts and See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

Doctor of Philosophy; the School of Music,the degree of Bachelor of Music; and the School of Fine Arts, which is open to both sexes, the degree of Bachelor of the Fine Arts . In 1910 the body of See also:

• OFFICERS

officers and instructors in all departments numbered 496, and the students 3312 . In addition to the See also:

• REGULAR

regular work of the departments there are several lecture courses open to all students of the University . Among them are: the See also:

• DODGE, THEODORE AYRAULT (1842–1909)

Dodge Lectures on the Responsibilities of Citizenship (1900); the See also:

• BROMLEY
• BROMLEY, SIR THOMAS (1530-1587)

Bromley Lectures on Journalism, Literature and Public Affairs (1900); the Lyman See also:

• BEECHER, CHARLES EMERSON (1856-1904)
• BEECHER, HENRY WARD (1813-1887)
• BEECHER, LYMAN (1775—1863)

Beecher Lectures on Preaching (1871); the Silliman Memorial Lectures (1884) on subjects connected with " the natural and moral See also:

• WORLD

world "; the See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley See also:

• WOODWARD, JOHN
• WOODWARD, SAMUEL (179o-1838)

Woodward Lectures (1907) by distinguished foreigners; the Harvard Lectures (1905) by members of the faculty of Harvard University; the Sheffield Lectures on scientific subjects; and the Medical Alumni Lectures . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal publications with which the University is more or less closely associated are: The Yale See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, a Quarterly See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal for the Scientific Discussion of Economic, Political and Social Questions, edited by Professors in Political Science and History; the Yale Law Journal, edited by a board of students; the Yale Medical Journal, edited by members of the Medical Faculty with the assistance of a board of students; the Yale Alumni Weekly; and the Yale See also:

• NEWS

News, a daily See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper managed by the students .

The Yale Bicentennial Publications contain reprints of Research Papers from the See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent Chemical Laboratory, Studies in Physiological Chemistry and Contributions to See also:

• MINERALOGY

Mineralogy and Petrography . Numerous other publications of the Yale University See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

Press are issued only with the approval of the University . In addition to several million dollars invested in lands and buildings the University possessed at the end of 1909 productive funds amounting to $10,561,830 (in 1886, $2,111,000) . The income from all See also:

• SOURCES

sources for the year 1908-9, exclusive of benefactions ($1,469,515), was $1,240,208 . Up to 1908 more than three-fourths of all the University buildings had been erected as private gifts; the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest were built with College funds, or from legislative grants . Yale shares with its See also:

• FELLOW

fellow colleges founded in colonial days the advantages of old traditions and social See also:

• PRESTIGE

prestige . In particular it shared these with Harvard so long as New England retained its See also:

• LITERARY

literary and intellectual dominance over the rest of the country . But the spirit of the two institutions has always been very different . Harvard has on the whole been See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical and progressive; Yale conservative . Yale could not draw, like Harvard, on the leaders of the New England schools of letters and philosophy to fill her professorial chairs . Her " See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative poverty, the strength of college feelings and traditions (President See also:

• HADLEY
• HADLEY, ARTHUR TWINING (1856– )
• HADLEY, JAMES (1821–1872)

Hadley) united with the lesser stimulus of her intellectual environment to delay her development . Harvard's transformation into a modern university was more spontaneous and rapid; Yale remained much longer under the dominance of collegiate traditions .

But, according to Dr See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles F . Thwing (The American College in American Life, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1897), of the men filling " the highest political and judicial offices," and coming from American colleges founded before 177o, Yale had helped (up to 1897) to See also:

• TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

train the largest number . On the See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

roll of her alumni are such names as See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• LIVINGSTON, EDWARD (1764–1836)
• LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R
• LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM (1723-1790)

Livingston, See also:

• ELI (Hebrew for "high"? i Sam. chaps. i.-iv.)

Eli See also:

• WHITNEY, ELI (1765-1825)
• WHITNEY, JOSIAH DWIGHT (1819-1896)
• WHITNEY, WILLIAM COLLINS (1841-1904)
• WHITNEY, WILLIAM DWIGHT (1827-1894)

Whitney, John C . See also:

• CALHOUN, JOHN CALDWELL (1782-185o)

Calhoun, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Kent, Samuel F . B . See also:

• MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE (1791—1872)

Morse, Chief-See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

Justice See also:

• MORRISON, ARTHUR (1863– )
• MORRISON, RICHARD JAMES (1795-1874)
• MORRISON, ROBERT (1782-1834)

Morrison R . See also:

• WAITE, MORRISON REMICK (1816–1888)

Waite and President See also:

• TAFT, LORADO (186o— )
• TAFT, WILLIAM HOWARD (1857— )

Taft . The Presidents have been as follows: in 1701–1707, Abraham901 See also:

• PIERSON, HENRY HUGO [properly HENRY HUGH PEARSON], (181 1873)

Pierson (1645–1707) ; See also:

• PRO

pro See also:

• TERN (Norsk taerne, tende or tende; Swedish tarna; Dutch Stern1)

tern . 1707–1719, Samuel See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew (1656–1737); in 1719-1722, Timothy Cutler (1684–1765); in 1722–1726, See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office filled by the College trustees in rotation; in 1726–1739, See also:

• ELISHA (a Hebrew name meaning " God is deliverance ")

Elisha Williams (1694–1755) ; in 1739–1766, Thomas Clap (1703–1767); pro tern . 1766–1777, See also:

• NAPHTALI

Naphtali Daggett (1727–1780); in 1777–1795, See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra See also:

• STILES, EZRA (1727–1795)

Stiles (1727–1795); in 1795–1817, Timothy Dwight (1752–1817); in 1817–1846, See also:

• JEREMIAH

Jeremiah See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day (1773–1867); in 1846–1871, See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore Dwight See also:

• WOOLSEY, THEODORE DWIGHT (18or—1889)

Woolsey (18or–1889) ; in 1871–1886, See also:

• NOAH (ni, rest; Septuagint, New Testament, Philo, Josephus, Na*, N&i os, Nweos: Vulg. Noe)

Noah See also:

• PORTER
• PORTER, BENJAMIN CURTIS (1843– )
• PORTER, DAVID (1780-1843)
• PORTER, DAVID DIXON (1813-1891)
• PORTER, ENDYMION (1587–1649)
• PORTER, HENRY (ft. 1596-1599)
• PORTER, HORACE (1837– )
• PORTER, JANE (1776–1850)
• PORTER, MARY (d. 1765)
• PORTER, NOAH (1811–1892)

Porter (1811–1892); in 1886–1899, Timothy Dwight (b . 1828); and See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• TWINING, THOMAS (1735-1804)

Twining Hadley (b . 1856) .

See See also:

• UNIVERSITIES