See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• LOWNDES, THOMAS (1692-1748)
• LOWNDES, WILLIAM THOMAS (1798-1843)

LOWNDES See also:

• WILLIAM LOWNDES YANCEY (1814-1863)

YANCEY (1814-1863)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, son of See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• CUDWORTH, RALPH (1617-1688)

Cudworth See also:

• YANCEY, WILLIAM LOWNDES (1814-1863)

Yancey, an able lawyer of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Carolina, of Welsh descent, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born near the Falls of the Ogeechee, See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia, on the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1814 . After his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1817, his See also:

• MOTHER

mother remarried and removed to See also:

• TROY
• TROY, JEAN FRANCOIS DE (1679–1752)

Troy, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . Yancey attended See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College for one See also:

• YEAR

year, studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• GREENVILLE

Greenville, South Carolina, and was admitted to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar . As editor of the Greenville (South Carolina) Mountaineer (1834—35), he ardently opposed See also:

• NULLIFICATION

nullification . In 1835 he married a wealthy woman, and in the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter of 1836—1837 removed to her See also:

• PLANTATION (Lat. plantare, to plant)

plantation in See also:

• ALABAMA

Alabama, near Cahaba (See also:

• DALLAS
• DALLAS, ALEXANDER JAMES (1759-1817)
• DALLAS, GEORGE MIFFLIN (1792-1864)

Dallas county), and edited weekly papers there and in Wetumpka (Elmore county), his summer See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home . The accidental poisoning of his slaves in 1839 forced him todevote himself entirely to law and journalism; he was now an impassioned See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State's Rights and supported See also:

• VAN

Van Buren in the presidential See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 184o . He was elected in 1841 to the state See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Representatives, in which he served for one year; became state senator in 1843, and in 1844 was elected to the See also:

• NATIONAL

national House of Representatives to fill a vacancy, being re-elected in 1845 . In See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress his ability and his unusual oratorical gifts at once gained recognition . In 1846, however, he resigned his seat, partly on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of poverty, and partly because of his disgust with the See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Democrats, whom he accused of sacrificing their principles to their economic interests . His entire See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy was now devoted to the task of exciting resistance to See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery aggression . In 1848 he secured the See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption by the state Democratic See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention of the so-called " Alabama See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

Platform," which was endorsed by the legislatures of Alabama and Georgia and by Democratic state conventions in See also:

• FLORIDA

Florida and See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, declaring that it was the See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of Congress not only to allow slavery in all the territories but to protect it, that a territorial legislature could not exclude it, and that the Democratic party should not support for See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president or See also:

• VICE

vice-president a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate " not . . openly and unequivocally opposed to either of the forms of excluding slavery from the territories of the See also:

• UNITED

United States mentioned in these resolutions." When the conservative See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority in the national Democratic convention in See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore refused to incorporate his ideas into the platform, Yancey with one colleague See also:

• LEFT

left the convention and wrote an Address to the See also:

• PEOPLE

People of Alabama, defending his course and denouncing the cowardice of his associates .

Naturally, he opposed the See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

Compromise of 185o, and went so far as openly to advocate See also:

• SECESSION

secession; but the conservative See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element was in See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the state . Disappointment of the South with the results of " Squatter See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

Sovereignty " caused a reaction in his favour, and in r858 he wrote a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter advocating the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of committees of safety, the formation of a See also:

• LEAGUE

League of United Southerners, and the See also:

• REPEAL (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal)

repeal of the See also:

• LAWS

laws making the See also:

• AFRICAN

African slave-See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade piracy . After twelve years' See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence from the national conventions of the Democratic party, he attended the See also:

• CHARLESTON

Charleston convention in See also:

• APRIL

April 186o, and again demanded the adoption of his ideas . Defeated by a small majority, he again left the See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall,' followed this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by the delegates of Alabama, See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi, See also:

• LOUISIANA

Louisiana, South Carolina, Florida, See also:

• TEXAS

Texas, and two of the three delegates from See also:

• DELAWARE

Delaware . On the next See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day the Georgia delegation and a majority of the See also:

• ARKANSAS

Arkansas delegation withdrew . In the Baltimore convention of the seceders he advocated the nomination of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John C . See also:

• BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN CABELL (1821-1875)

Breckinridge, and he made a tour of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country on his behalf . In Alabama he was the guiding spirit in the secession convention and delivered the address of welcome to See also:

• JEFFERSON
• JEFFERSON, JOSEPH (1829-1905)
• JEFFERSON, THOMAS (1743-1826)

Jefferson See also:

• DAVIS (or DAVYS), JOHN (1550 ?-16o5)
• DAVIS, ANDREW JACKSON (1826—1910)
• DAVIS, CHARLES HOWARD (1857- )
• DAVIS, CUSHMAN KELLOGG (1838-1900)
• DAVIS, HENRY WILLIAM BANKS (1833- )
• DAVIS, HENRY WINTER (1817-1865)
• DAVIS, JEFFERSON (1808–1889)
• DAVIS, THOMAS OSBORNE (1814–1845)

Davis on his arrival at See also:

• MONTGOMERY
• MONTGOMERY ( Tre' Faldwyn)
• MONTGOMERY, GABRIEL, SEIGNEUR DE LORGES, COMTE DE (c. 1530-1574)
• MONTGOMERY, JAMES (1771-1854)
• MONTGOMERY, ROBERT (1807-1855)

Montgomery . He refused a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in President Davis's See also:

• CABINET

cabinet . On the 31st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1861 he sailed for See also:

• EUROPE

Europe as the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission sent to secure recognition of the Confederate See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, but returned in 1862 to take a seat in the Confederate See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate, in which he advocated a more vigorous See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . On account of his failing See also:

• HEALTH

health, he left See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1863, and on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July died at his home near Montgomery . See J .

W . Du Bose, See also:

• LIFE

Life and Times of W . L . Yancey (See also:

• BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham, See also:

• ALA

Ala., 1892) ; W . G . See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown, The See also:

• LOWER

Lower South in American See also:

• HISTORY

History (New York, 19o2); and See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• HODGSON, BRIAN HOUGHTON (1800-1894)

Hodgson, The See also:

• CRADLE (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with " crate " and " creel," i.e. basket; the derivation from a Celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the New English Dictionary)

Cradle of the Confederacy (See also:

• MOBILE

Mobile, Ala., 1876) . YANG-CHOW FU, a prefectural See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Kiangsu, See also:

• CHINA

China, forming the two distinct cities of Kiang-tu and Kanch`tian, on the See also:

• GRAND

Grand See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, in 32° 21' N., 119° 15' E . Pop. about roo,000 . The walls are between three and four See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles in circumference . The streets are well supplied with shops, and there are handsome temples, colleges, and other public buildings . There was a serious religious outbreak in 1868, when See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

Hudson See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor, the founder of the China Inland See also:

• MISSION

Mission, opened a station here; but Yang-chow is now one of the centres of the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant ' It is probable that Yancey was approached with the offer of the vice-presidential nomination on the See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas See also:

• TICKET (O. Fr. esliquet, also estiquette, mod. etiquette, from Ger. sleeken, to stick up)

ticket by See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George N . See also:

• SANDERS, DANIEL (1819-1896)
• SANDERS, NICHOLAS (c. 1530-1581)

Sanders .

There was a See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement to nominate him on the ticket with Breckinridge also . missionaries in the province . Yang-chow Fu possesses an early See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical connexion with foreigners, for Marco See also:

• POLO (Tibetan pulu, ball)
• POLO, GASPAR GIL (?153o-1591)
• POLO, MARCO (c. 1254-1324)

Polo ruled over it for three years by appointment from Kublai See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan (?1282—85) . YANGTSZE-KIANG, a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• RIVER

river of China, and the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal commercial watercourse of the country . It is formed by the junction of a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of small streams draining the E. slopes of the Tibetan See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau, and for the first third of its course flows almost parallel with the See also:

• MEKONG, or ME NAM KONG (pronounced Kawng)

Mekong and the See also:

• SALWEEN

Salween, each, however, separated from the other by intervening ridges of great height . The See also:

• TOTAL

total length of the Yangtsze is calculated to be not less than 3000 M . Although the See also:

• TERM

term Yangtsze is applied by Europeans to the whole course of the river, in China it indicates only the last three or four See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred miles, where it flows through a See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire which in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient time was known as " Yang," a name which also survives in the city of Yang-Chow in the province of Kiang-su . The See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official name for the whole river is Ch'ang Kiang (pronounced in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, Chiang) or Ta Chiang, meaning the " See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long river " or the " great river." Popularly in the upper reaches every See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section has its See also:

• LOCAL

local name . As it emerges from See also:

• TIBET, or THIBET

Tibet into China it is known as the Kinsha Kiang or river of See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

Sand, and farther down as the Pai-shui Kiang . In Sze-ch'uen, after its junction with the large tributary known as the See also:

• MIN

Min, it is for some distance called the Min-kiang, the people being of See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion that the Min See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch is in fact the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main river . The fall in the upper reaches is very rapid . At the junction of the two main affluents in Upper Tibet, where the river is already a formidable torrent barely fordable at See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• WATER

water, the See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude is estimated at 13,000 ft .

From Patang (8J40 ft.) to R'a-Wu in Sze-ch'uen (1900 ft.) the fall is about 8 ft. per mile, thence to Hwang-kwo-shu (1200 ft.) about 6 ft. per mile, and farther down to Pingshan (1039 ft.) the fall is about ,; ft. per mile . At Pingshan, in the province of Sze-ch'uen, the river first becomes navigable, and the fall decreases to about 6 in. per mile down to Chungk'See also:

• ING

ing (63o ft.) . From Chungk'ing through the See also:

• GORGES, SIR FERDINANDO (c. 1566-1647)

gorges to Ich'ang (13o ft.), a distance of nearly 400 m., the fall again increases to about 14 in. per mile; but from Ich'ang down to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, a distance of r000 m., the fall is exceedingly small, being as far as See also:

• HANKOW (" Mouth of the Han ")

Hankow at the See also:

• RATE

rate of 2$ in., and from Hankow to the mouth at the rate of little more than 1 in. per mile . The last 200 M. are practically a dead level, for at low-water See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season there is a rise of See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide enough to See also:

• SWING, DAVID (1830-1894)

swing See also:

• SHIPS

ships as far up as See also:

• WUHU

Wuhu, 200 n1. from the mouth . The principal tributaries, counting from the sea upwards, are: (I) the outlet from Poyang See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake, draining the province of Kiang-si; (2) the Han river, entering on the left See also:

• BANK

bank at Hankow; (3) the outlet from Tungt'ing lake on the right bank, draining the province of Hu'nan; (4) the three great See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers of Sze-ch'uen, the Kialing, the To Kiang and the Min, all entering on the left bank; and (5) the Yaiung, draining a vast See also:

• AREA

area on the borderland between Sze-ch'uen and Tibet . The whole drainage area is about 65o,000 sq. m., of which more than four-fifths See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie above Hankow . The See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of low water is from See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December to March . The melting of the snows on the Tibetan See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands combined with the summer rainfall causes an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual rise in the river of from 7o to 90 ft. at Chungk'ing and from 40 to 50 at Hankow and Kiukiang . The mean See also:

• VOLUME

volume of water discharged into the sea is estimated at 770,000 cub. ft. per second . The quantity of sediment carried in See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution and deposited at the mouth is similarly estimated at 6428 million cub. ft. per annum, representing a subaerial denudation of the whole drainage area at the rate of one See also:

• FOOT

foot in 3707 years . (See See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the China Branch of the Royal See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic Society, vol. xvi., Dr Guppy.) The Yangtsze-kiang forms a See also:

• HIGHWAY

highway of first-class importance . As the rise in the river is only about 130 ft. for the first loon m., it resembles a huge canal expressly formed for See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation .

Except at winter low water, steamers of 5000 or 6000 tons can reach Hankow with ease . Between Hankow and Ich'ang, especially above the outlet from Tungt'ing lake, the volume of water diminishes very much, and as the channel is continually shifting with the shifting sand-See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks, navigation is more difficult . Above Ich'ang, where the river flows" between rocky gorges, and where a series of rapids are encountered, navigation is still more difficult . But taking the Yangtsze as a whole, with its numerous subsidiary streams, canals and lakes, it forms a highway of communication unrivalled in any other country in the See also:

• WORLD

world . About See also:

• HALF

half the sea-See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne coinmerce of all China is further distributed by means of the Yangtsze and its connexions, not to mention the interchange of native See also:

• PRO

pro-duce between the provinces, which is carried by native sailing See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft numbered by thousands . The Yangtsze valley as a political term indicates the See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere ofinfluence or development which by See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international agreement waa assigned to Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . This was first acquired in a somewhat negative manner by the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese government giving an undertaking, which they did in 1898, not to alienate any See also:

• PART

part of the Yangtsze valley to any other See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . A more formal recognition of the See also:

• BRITISH

British claim was embodied in the agreement between the British and See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian governments in 1899 for the delimitation of their respective railway interests in China, See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia agreeing not to interfere with British projects in the See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin of the Yangtsze, and Great Britain agreeing not to interfere with Russian projects north of the Great See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

Wall (See also:

• MANCHURIA

Manchuria) . The basin or valley of the Yangtsze was de-fined to comprise all the provinces bordering on the Yangtsze river, together with the provinces of Ho-nan and Chehekiang . This agreement was communicated to the Chinese government, and has been generally acknowledged . The See also:

• OBJECT

object of the negotiations was to guard against conflict of railway interests; in all other respects the policy known as that of the " open See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door " was advocated by Great Britain and the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief commercial states . This policy was more fully declared by mutual engagements entered into in 1900 by the Great See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

Powers on the initiative of the United States, whereby each undertook to See also:

• GUARANTEE (sometimes spelt " guarantie " or " guaranty "; an O. Fr. form of " warrant," from the Teutonic word which appears in German as wahren, to defend or make safe and binding)

guarantee equality of treatment to the See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce of all nations within its own sphere .

As to railway enterprise, an agreement of 1910 admitted See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German and American See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial interests equally with those of great Britain in the projected See also:

• LINE

line from Hankow to Sze-ch'uen . (G .