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See also: parliamentary See also: borough, watering -place, and seaport of See also: Norfolk, See also: England (with a small portion in See also: Suffolk), 121 M
.
N.E. from See also: London by the See also: Great Eastern railway, served also by the Midland & Great See also: Northern joint See also: line
.
Pop
.
(1901) 51,316
.
It lies on a long and narrow peninsula of See also: sand, between the See also: North See also: Sea and the Breydon See also: Water (formed by the See also: rivers Yare and WVaveney) and the See also: river Bure
.
The neighbouring country is very flat, but the Bure affords See also: access to the Norfolk Broads, which give the See also: district its well-known individuality
.
The old See also: town of Great See also: Yarmouth was built chiefly along the E. See also: bank of the Yare, but the See also: modern town has extended beyond its See also: ancient walls, of which some remains exist, to the seashore, where there are a marine drive and three piers
.
On the landward or Suffolk See also: side of the estuary is the suburb of Southtown, and farther S. that of Gorleston
.
The See also: principal features of Yarmouth are the N. and S. quays, and the straight narrow lanes called " rows," 145 in number, See also: running at right angles to them
.
These rows were at one See also: time inhabited by the wealthy burgesses, and many of the houses, now tenanted by the poorer classes, have panelled rooms with richly decorated ceilings
.
The old town is connected with Little Yarmouth by a See also: bridge across the Yare of See also: stone and iron, erected in 1854
.
The Bure is crossed by a suspension bridge
.
The See also: church of St
See also: Nicholas, founded in slot by See also: Herbert Losinga, the first See also: bishop of Norwich, and consecrated in 1119, is one of the largest parish churches in England
.
It is cruciform, with a central tower, which perhaps preserves a See also: part of the See also: original structure, but by successive alterations the See also: form of the church has been completely changed
.
The Transitional clerestoried See also: nave, with columns alternately octagonal and circular, was rebuilt in the reign of See also: King
See also: John
.
A portion of the chancel is of the same date
.
About fifty years later the aisles were widened, so that the nave is now the narrowest part of the
See also: building
.
A See also: grand W. front with towers and pinnacles was constructed in 1330-1338, but the building was interrupted by a visitation of the plague
.
In the 16th century the monumental See also: brasses were cast into weights and the gravestones cut into grindstones
.
Within the church there were at one time eighteen chapels, maintained by See also: gilds or private families, but these were demolished by the Reformers, who sold the valuable utensils of the building and applied the See also: money to the widening of the channel of the harbour
.
During the See also: Commonwealth the See also: Independents appropriated the chancel, the Presbyterians the N. See also: aisle and the Churchmen were allowed the See also: remainder of the building
.
The brick walls erected at this time to See also: separate the different portions of the building remained till 1847
.
In 1864 the tower was restored, and the E. end of the chancel rebuilt; in 1869—187o the S. aisle was rebuilt; and in 1884 the S. transept, the W. end of the nave and the N. aisle underwent restoration
.
The width of the nave is 26 ft., and the See also: total length of the church is 236 ft
.
St John's is a noteworthy modern church, and the See also: Roman Catholic church is a handsome See also: Gothic building erected in 185o
.
A grammar-school was founded in 1551, when the great See also: hall of the old hospital, founded in the reign of
See also: Edward I. by See also: Thomas Fastolfe, was appropriated to its use
.
It was closed from 1757 to 186o, was re-established by the charity trustees, and settled in new buildings in 1872
.
Among the principal public buildings are the town hall and public offices (1883); a picturesque
See also: toll-See also: house of the 14th century, carefully preserved and serving as a See also: free library; See also: assembly rooms, museum, See also: drill hall, See also: custom house, barracks at See also: South-town and theatres
.
Among charitable and benevolent institutions are a royal See also: naval lunatic See also: asylum, three hospitals, and fishermen's hospital, the North Sea Church See also: Mission and various homes and minor charities
.
To the S. of the town, on the part of the peninsula known as the South Denes, are a See also: race-course and a Doric See also: column erected in 1817 to commemorate See also: Lord Nelson
.
To the N
.
(on the North Denes) are golf links
.
Winter gardens were opened in 1904
.
The municipal and parliamentary borough became coextensive by the inclusion in the former of Gorleston in 189o
.
The parliamentary borough, returning one member, falls between the E. division of Norfolk and the See also: Lowestoft division of Suffolk
.
Yarmouth is governed by a mayor, 12 aldermen and 36 councillors
.
See also: Area, 3568 acres
.
Yarmouth Roads, off the See also: coast, afford excellent anchorage except in E. or N.E. winds
.
The channel to the quays was made by Joost See also: Jansen, a Dutch engineer, in 1567, and affords a See also: depth at the See also: bar of 12 ft. at low water
.
The herring and See also: mackerel See also: fisheries are most important, and See also: fish-curing is an extensive industry, Yarmouth bloaters being widely famous
.
The fishing See also: fleet numbers some 500 vessels of 20,000 tons, and employs about 3000 hands
.
The principal imports are See also: coal, See also: timber and seeds, and exports are grain and fish
.
Other See also: industries are See also: ship and boat building, rope, twine and trawl-See also: net manufactories, See also: silk-crape See also: works and maltings
.
Yarmouth (Gernemwa, Yernemuth), which lies near the site of the Roman See also: camp of Gariannonum, is believed to have been the landing-place of See also: Cerdic in the 5th century
.
Not long afterwards, the convenience of its situation having attracted many fishermen from the Cinque Ports, a permanent See also: settlement was made, and the town numbered seventy burgesses before the See also: Conquest
.
See also: Henry I. placed it under the
See also: rule of a reeve
.
The charter of King John (1208), which gave his burgesses of Yarmouth general liberties according to the customs of See also: Oxford, a gild See also: merchant and weekly hustings, was amplified by several later charters asserting the rights of the borough against Little Yarmouth and Gorleston
.
In 1552 See also: Elizabeth granted a charter of
See also: admiralty jurisdiction, afterwards See also: con-firmed and extended by See also: James I
.
In 1668 See also: Charles II. incorporated Little Yarmouth in the borough by a charter which with one brief exception remained in force till 1703, when
See also: Anne replaced the two bailiffs by a mayor, reducing the See also: alder-men and See also: common councilmen to eighteen and See also: thirty-six
.
By the Boundary and Municipal Corporation Acts of 1832 and 1855, Gorleston was annexed to the borough, which became a county borough in 1888
.
Yarmouth returned two members to parliament from 1300 to 1868, when it was disfranchised until 1885
.
From the rrth to the 18th century the herring See also: trade, which has always been the See also: main industry of Yarmouth, was carried on at an See also: annual See also: fair between Michaelmas and Martinmas
.
This was regulated by the barons of the Cinque Ports, and many quarrels arose through their jurisdiction and privileges
.
Yarmouth has had a weekly market at least from the 13th century
.
See See also: Victoria County See also: History, Norfolk; H
.
Swinden, History of Great Yarmouth (1772); C
.
J
.
See also: Palmer, History of Great Yarmouth 0854)
.
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