A See also:

• YOUNG
• A YOUNG
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

YOUNG  . and Abroad in 1759 . After his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1759, his See also:

• MOTHER

mother had given him the direction of the See also:

• FAMILY

family See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at Bradfield See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall; but the See also:

• PROPERTY

property was small and encumbered with See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt . From 1763 to 1766 he devoted himself to farming on his mother's property . In 1765 he married a See also:

• MISS

Miss See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen; but the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union is said not to have been happy, though he was of domestic habits and an affectionate father . In 1767 he undertook on his own See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account the management of a See also:

• FARM

farm in See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex . He engaged in various experiments, and embodied the results of them in A Course of Experimental See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture (1770) . Though See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

Young's experiments were, in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, unsuccessful, he thus acquired a solid knowledge of agriculture . He had already begun a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of journeys through See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, and gave an account of his observations in books which appeared from 1768 to ,77o--A Six See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

Weeks' Tour through the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern Counties of England and Wales, A Six Months' Tour through the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North of England and the See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

Farmer's Tour through the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East of England . He says that these books contained the only extant See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information relative to the rental, produce and stock of England that was founded on actual examination . They were very favourably received, being translated into most See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages by 1792 . In 1768 he published the Farmer's Letters to the See also:

• PEOPLE

People of England, in 1771 the Farmer's See also:

• CALENDAR

Calendar, which went through a See also:

• GREAT

great number of See also:

• EDITIONS

editions, and in 1774 his See also:

• POLITICAL

Political See also:

• ARITHMETIC (Gr. apeOµ7run7, sc. TEXVn, the art of counting, from (ipLBµos, number)

Arithmetic, which was widely translated .

About this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time Young acted as See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary reporter for the See also:

• MORNING

Morning See also:

• POST

Post . He made a tour in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland in 1776, See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing his Tour in Ireland in 1780 . In 1784 he began the publication of the See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals of Agriculture, which was continued for 45 volumes: this See also:

• WORK

work had many contributors, among whom was See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III., See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing under the nom de plume of " See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

Ralph See also:

• ROBINSON, EDWARD (1794–1863)
• ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB (1777–1867)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1575–1625)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1650-1723)
• ROBINSON, JOHN THOMAS ROMNEY (1792–1882)
• ROBINSON, MARY [" Perdita "] (1758–1800)
• ROBINSON, SIR JOHN BEVERLEY, BART
• ROBINSON, SIR JOSEPH BENJAMIN (1845– )
• ROBINSON, THEODORE (1852-1896)

Robinson." Young's first visit to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France was made in 1787 . Traversing that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in every direction just before and during the first movements of the Revolution, he has given valuable notices of the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the people and the conduct of public affairs at that See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical juncture . The Travels in France appeared in 2 vols. in 1792 . On his return See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home he was appointed secretary of the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board of Agriculture, then (1793) just formed under the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• SINCLAIR
• SINCLAIR, SIR JOHN, BART

Sinclair . In this capacity he gave most valuable assistance in the collection and preparation of agricultural surveys of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English counties . His sight, however, failed, and in 1811 he had an operation for See also:

• CATARACT (from the Lat. form cataracta of the Gr. Karapplucrgss, a floodgate, or waterfall, properly something which rushes down)

cataract, which proved unsuccessful . He suffered also in his last years from See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone . He died on the loth of See also:

• APRIL

April 1820 . He See also:

• LEFT

left an autobiography in MS., which was edited (1898) by Miss M . Betham-See also:

• EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
• EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
• EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
• EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
• EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
• EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
• EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
• EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
• EDWARDS, T
• EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)

Edwards, and is the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main authority for his See also:

• LIFE

life; and also the materials for a great work on the " Elements and practice of agriculture." See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur Young was the greatest of all English writers on agriculture; but it is as a social and political observer that he is best known, and his Tour in Ireland and Travels in France are still full of See also:

• INTEREST

interest and instruction .

He saw clearly and exposed unsparingly the causes which retarded the progress of Ireland . He strongly urged the See also:

• REPEAL (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal)

repeal of the penal See also:

• LAWS

laws which pressed upon the Catholics; he condemned the restrictions imposed by Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain on the See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce of Ireland, and also the perpetual interference of the Irish See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament with See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry by prohibitions and bounties . He favoured a legislative union of Ireland with Great Britain, though he did not regard such a measure as absolutely necessary, many of its advantages being otherwise attainable . The See also:

• SOIL

soil of France he found in general See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to that of England, and its produce less.' Agriculture was neither as well understood nor as much esteemed as in England . He severely censured the higher classes for their neglect of it . " Banishment (from See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court) alone will force the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility to execute what the English do for See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure—reside upon and adorn their estates." Young saw the commencement of violence in the rural districts, and his sympathies began to take the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the classes suffering from the excesses of the Revolution . This See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of attitude was shown by his publication in 1793 of a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract entitled The Example of France a Warning to England . Of the profounder significance of the French outbreak he seems to have had little See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea, and thought the crisis would be met by a constitutional See also:

• ADJUSTMENT (from late Lat. ad juxtare, derived from juxta, near, but early confounded with a supposed derivation from justus, right)

adjustment in accordance with the English type . He strongly condemned the mitayer See also:

• SYSTEM

system, then widely prevalent in France, as " perpetuating poverty and excluding instruction "—as, in fact, the ruin of the country . Some of his phrases have been often quoted by the See also:

• ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF

advocates of See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant See also:

• YOUGHAL (pronounced Yawl)

YOUGHAL proprietorship as favouring their view . " The magic of property turns See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand to See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold . ' " Give a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man the secure See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of a See also:

• BLEAK, or BLICK (Alburnus lucidus)

bleak See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, and he will turn it into a See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden; give him a nine years' See also:

• LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

lease of a garden, and he will convert it into a See also:

• DESERT

desert." But these sentences, in which the epigrammatic See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form exaggerates a truth, and which might seem to represent the possession of See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital as of no importance in agriculture, must not be taken as conveying his approbation of the system of small properties in general .

He approved it only when the subdivision was strictly limited, and even then with great reserves; and he remained to the end what J . S . See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill calls him, " the apostle of la grande culture." The See also:

• DIRECTORY

Directory in i8oi ordered his writings on the See also:

• ART

art to be translated and published at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 20 volumes under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Le Cultivateur anglais . His Travels in France were translated in 1793—94 by Soules; a new version by M . Lesage, with an introduction by M. de Lavergne, appeared in 1856 . An interesting See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

review of the latter publication, under the title of Arthur Young et la France de 1789, will he found in M . See also:

• BAUDRILLART, HENRI JOSEPH LEON (1821–1892)

Baudrillart's Publicistes moderns (2nd ed., 1873) .