JOSE ZORRILLA Y MORAL (1817-1893)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish poet and dramatist, son of a See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate in whom See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand VII. placed See also:

• SPECIAL

special confidence, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• VALLADOLID

Valladolid on the 21st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1817 . He was educated by the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits at the Real Seminario de Nobles in See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, wrote verses when he was twelve, became an enthusiastic admirer of See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott and See also:

• CHATEAUBRIAND, FRANCOIS RENE, VICOMTE DE (1768–1848)

Chateaubriand, and took See also:

• PART

part in the school performances of plays by Lope de See also:

• VEGA, GARCILASO DE LA
• VEGA, GARCILASO DE LA (1503-1536)

Vega and See also:

• CALDERON, RODRIGO (d. 1621), COUNT OF OLIVA AND MARQUES DE LAS SIETE IGLESIAS

Calderon . In 1833 he was sent to read See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at the University of See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo, but, after a See also:

• YEAR

year of idleness, he fled to Madrid, where he horrified the See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends of his absolutist See also:

• FATHER

father by making violent speeches and by See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding a newspaper which was promptly suppressed by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . He narrowly escaped transportation to the Philippines, and passed the next few years in poverty . The See also:

• DEATH

death of the satirist See also:

• LARRA, MARIANO JOSE DE (1809-1837)

Larra brought Zorrilla into See also:

• NOTICE

notice . His elegiac poem, declaimed at Larra's funeral in February 1837, served as an introduction to the leading men of letters . In 1837 he published a See also:

• BOOK

book of verses, mostly imitations of Lamartir.e and See also:

• HUGO, GUSTAV VON (1764–1844)
• HUGO, VICTOR MARIE (1802-1885)

Hugo, which was so favourably received that he printed six more volumes within three years . His subjects are treated with fluency and See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace, but the carelessness which disfigures much of his See also:

• WORK

work is prominent in these juvenile poems . After collaborating with See also:

• GARCIA
• GARCIA (DEL POPOLO VICENTO), MANOEL (1775-1832)

Garcia Gutierrez, in a piece entitled Juan Dkndolo (1839) Zorrilla began his individual career as a dramatist with Carla See also:

• COAL

coal See also:

• CON

con su razen (184o), and during the following five years he wrote twenty-two plays, many of them extremely successful . His Cantos del trovador (1841), a collection of See also:

• NATIONAL

national legends versified with See also:

• INFINITE (from Lat. in, not, finis, end or limit; cf. findere, to deave)

infinite spirit, showed a decided advance in kill, and secured for the author the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place next to See also:

• ESPRONCEDA, JOSE IGNACIO JAVIER ORIOL ENCARNACION DE (1808-1842)

Espronceda in popular esteem . National legends also See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply the themes of his dramas, though in this See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department Zorrilla somewhat compromised his reputation for originality by adapting older plays which had fallen out of See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion . For example, in El Zapatero y el Rey he recasts El montanes Juan Pascual by Juan de la Hoz y Mota; in La mejor razen la espada he borrows from Moreto's Travesuras del estudiante Pantoja; in See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Juan Tenorio he adapts from Tirso de See also:

• MOLINA, LUIS (1535-1600)

Molina's Burlador de Sevilla and from the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• DUMAS, ALEXANDRE
• DUMAS, ALEXANDRE [" DUMAS FILS"] (1824-1895)
• DUMAS, GUILLAUME MATHIEU, COUNT (1753-1837)
• DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE ANDRE (1800-1884)

Dumas's Don Juan de Marana (which itself derives from See also:

• LES

Les rimes du purgatoire of Prosper See also:

• MERIMEE, PROSPER (1803-1870)

Merimee) .

But his rearrangements usually contain See also:

• ORIGINAL

original elements, and in Sancho Garcia, El Rey loco, and El See also:

• ALCALDE (from the Arab. al-quadi, the " Cadi " or judge ")

Alcalde Ronquillo he apparently owes little to any predecessor . The last and (as he himself believed) the best of his plays is Traidor, inconfeso y mkrtir (1845) . Upon the death of his See also:

• MOTHER

mother in 1847 Zorrilla See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, resided for a while at See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux,, and settled in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where his incomplete See also:

• GRANADA
• GRANADA, LUIS DE (1504-1588)

Granada, a striking poem of gorgeous See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, was published in 1852 . In a See also:

• FIT

fit of depression, the causes of which are not known, he emigrated to See also:

• AMERICA

America three years later, hoping, as he says, that yellow See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever or small-pox would carry him off . During eleven years spent in See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico he produced little, and that little was of no merit . He returned in 1866, to find himself a See also:

• HALF

half-forgotten classic . His old fertility was gone, and new See also:

• STANDARDS

standards of See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste were coming into fashion . A small See also:

• POST

post, obtained for him 'through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Jovellar and Canovas del See also:

• CASTILLO

Castillo, was abolished by the republican See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister . He was always poor, and for some twelve years after 1871 he was in the direst straits . The law of See also:

• COPYRIGHT

copyright was not retrospective, and, though some of his plays made the fortunes of managers, they brought him nothing . In his untrustworthy autobiography, Recuerdos del tiempo viejo (1880), he complained of this . A See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of 30,000 reales secured him from want in his old See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and the reaction in his favour became an See also:

• APOTHEOSIS (Gr. aaoOeou)

apotheosis .

In 1885 the Spanish See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, which had elected him a member many years before, presented him with a See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, and in 1889 he was publicly crowned at Granada as the national See also:

• LAUREATE (Lat. laureatus, from laurea, the laurel tree)

laureate . He died at Madrid on the 23rd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1893 . Zorrilla is so intensely Spanish that it is difficult for See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign critics to do him jifstice . It is certain that the extraordinary rapidity of his methods seriously injured his work . He declares that he wrote El Caballo del Rey Don Sancho in three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, and that he put together El Punal del Godo (which, like La Calentura, owes much to See also:

• SOUTHEY, ROBERT (1774-1843)

Southey) in two days; if so, his deficiencies need no other explanation . An improvisator with the characteristic faults of redundance and verbosity, he wrote far too much, and in most of his See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers there are numerous technical flaws . Yet the richness of his imagery, the See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement, See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and variety of his versification, will preserve some few of his poems in the anthologies . His See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to patriotic See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride, his accurate dramatic See also:

• INSTINCT

instinct, together with the fact that he invariably gives at least one of his characters a most effective acting part, have enabled him to hold the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage . It is by Don Juan Tenorio, the See also:

• PLAY

play of which he thought so meanly, that Zorrilla will be best remembered . (J .