See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• THOMAS ZUMALACARREGUI (1788–1835)

ZUMALACARREGUI (1788–1835)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish Carlist See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Ormaiztegui in See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre on the 29th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1788 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, Francisco See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio See also:

• ZUMALACARREGUI, THOMAS (1788–1835)

Zumalacarregui, was a lawyer who possessed some See also:

• PROPERTY

property, and the son was articled to a See also:

• SOLICITOR

solicitor . When the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French invasion took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 18o8 he enlisted at See also:

• SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)
• SARAGOSSA, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

Saragossa . He served in the first See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• TUDELA

Tudela, and during the second siege until he was taken prisoner in a sortie . He succeeded in escaping and in reaching his See also:

• FAMILY

family in Navarre . For a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he served with Gaspar de See also:

• JAUREGUI, JUAN (1562-1582)

Jauregui, known as" The Shepherd " (El Pastor), one of the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor guerrillero leaders . But Zumalacarregui, who was noted for his See also:

• GRAVE

grave .and silent disposition and his strong religious principles, disliked the disorderly See also:

• LIFE

life of the guerrillas, and when See also:

• REGULAR

regular forces were organized in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north he entered the 1st See also:

• BATTALION

battalion of See also:

• GUIPUZCOA

Guipuzcoa as an officer . During the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war he served in the regular See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . In 1812 he was sent with despatches to the Regency at See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz, and received his See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission as See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain . In that See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank he was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the battle of See also:

• SAN

San Marcial (31st of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1813) . After the restoration of See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand VII. he continued in the army, and is said to have made a careful study of the theory of war . Zumalacarregui had no sympathy with the liberal principles which were spreading in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, and became noted as what was called a Servil or strong Royalist .

He attracted no See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention at headquarters, and was still a captain when the revolution of 1820 See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out . His See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, whose leanings were liberal, denounced him to the revolutionary See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and asked that the might be removed . The recommendation was not acted on, but Zumalacarregui knew of it, and laid up the See also:

• ZULULAND

Zululand made See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• NATAL

Natal . The Re-volt of 1906 . Dlntzula's trial . offence in his mind . Finding that he was suspected (probably with truth) of an intention to bring the soldiers over to the royalist See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, he escaped to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . In 1823 he returned as an officer in one of the royalist regiments which had been organized on French See also:

• SOIL

soil by the consent of the government . He was now known as a thoroughly trustworthy servant of the despotic See also:

• ROYALTY (0. Fr. realte, reialte, royaulte, from Med. Lat. regalitas, the substantive of regalis, of or belonging to a king, rex)

royalty, but he was too proud to be a courtier . For some years he was employed in bringing regiments which the government distrusted to See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . He became See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel in 1825 and colonel in 1829 . In 1832 he was named military See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• FERROL [El Ferrol]

Ferrol .

Before Ferdinand VII. died in 1833, Zumalacarregui was marked out as a natural supporter of the absolutist party which favoured the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's brother, See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• CARLOS, DON (1545-1568)
• CARLOS, DON (1788-1855)
• CARLOS, DON (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

Carlos . The See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

proclamation of the king's daughter See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella as heiress was almost the occasion of an armed conflict between him and the See also:

• NAVAL

naval authorities at Ferrol, who were partisans of the constitutional cause . He was put on See also:

• HALF

half pay by the new authorities and ordered to live under See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police observation at See also:

• PAMPLONA, or PAMPELUNA

Pamplona . When the Carlist rising began on the See also:

• DEATH

death of Ferdinand he is said to have held back because he knew that the first leaders would be politicians and talkers . He did not take the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field till the Carlist cause appeared to be at a very See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low ebb, and until he had received a commission from Don Carlos as See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief in Navarre . The whole force under his orders when he escaped from Pamplona on the See also:

• NIGHT

night of the 29th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1833, and took the command next See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day in the Val de Araquil, was a few See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred See also:

• ILL

ill-armed and dispirited guerrilleros . In a few months Zumalacarregui had organized the Carlist forces into a regular army . The difficulty he found in obtaining supplies was very See also:

• GREAT

great, for the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast towns—and notably See also:

• BILBAO

Bilbao—were constitutional in politics . It was mainly by captures from the government troops that he equipped his forces . He gradually obtained full See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Navarre and the Basque provinces, outside of the fortresses, which he had not the means to besiege . Whether as a guerrillero See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, or as a general conducting regular war in the mountains, he proved unconquerable . By See also:

• JULY

July 1834 he had made it safe for Don Carlos to jcin his headquarters .

The pretender was, however, a narrow-minded, bigoted See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, who regarded Zumalacarregui with suspicion, and was afraid of his immense See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with the soldiers.Zumalacarregui had therefore to See also:

• DRAG (from the Old Eng. dragan, to draw; the word preserves the g which phonetically developed into w)

drag behind him the whole See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of the distrust and intrigues of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . Yet by the beginning of See also:

• JUNE

June 1835 he had made the Carlist cause triumphant to the north of the See also:

• EBRO (anc. Iberus or Hiberus)

Ebro, and had formed an army of more than 30,000 men, of much better quality than the constitutional forces . If Zumalacarregui had been allowed to follow his own plans, which were to concentrate his forces and See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march on See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, he might well have put Don Carlos in possession of the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital . But the court was eager to obtain command of a seaport, and Zumaiacarregui was ordered to besiege Bilbao . He obeyed reluctantly, and on the 14th of June 1835 was wounded by a See also:

• MUSKET (Fr. mousquet, Ger. Muskete, &c.)

musket See also:

• BULLET (Fr. boulet, diminutive of boule, ball)

bullet in. the See also:

• CALF
• CALF, THE GOLDEN

calf of the See also:

• LEG
• LEG (a word of Scandinavian origin, from the Old Norwegian leggr, cf. Swed. lagg, Dan. laeg; the O. Eng. word was sceanca, shank)

leg . The See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound was trifling and would probably have been cured with ease if he had been allowed to employ an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor whom he trusted . But Don Carlos insisted on sending his own physicians, and in their hands the general died on the 24th of June 1835—not without suspicion of See also:

• POISON

poison . Zumalacarregui was a See also:

• FINE

fine type of the old royalist and religious principles of his See also:

• PEOPLE

people . The ferocity with which he conducted the war was forced on him by the government generals, who refused See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter . An engaging See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Zumalacarregui will be found in The Most Striking Events of a Twelvemonth See also:

• CAMPAIGN

Campaign with Zumalacarregui in Navarre and the Basque Provinces, by C . F . Henningsen (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1836) .

A See also:

• CHAP

chap-See also:

• BOOK

book called See also:

• VIDA, MARCO GIROLAMO (c. 1489-1566)

Vida politica y militar de Don Tomas Zumalacarregui, which gives the facts of his life with See also:

• FAIR

fair accuracy, is still very popular in Spain . (D .