PACE, JUDY (1950?). Actress. Born and raised in Los Angeles , California , Pace graduated from Dorsey High School and was a business major at Los Angeles City College . Once labeled "the most beautiful African American woman in Hollywood ," by the show biz journal Daily Variety , she first appeared on film in 13 Frightened Girls , 1963. Her first lead film role was as Eulice in the sexually contro…
Richard Pace is best known for his failed diplomatic missions on behalf of the court of Henry VIII and for his role as a member of the scholarly circle of Erasmus* and Thomas More.* Pace?s name appears more often than any other in the extant letters of Erasmus, who considered Pace a ?dear friend.? He once wrote to More of Pace, ?I seem to have lost half of my second self by his absence? (Routh, 60…
(1912-1996) Hewlett-Packard Company David Packard?s name lent itself to one-half of the oldest and largest employer in California?s high-tech region known as Silicon Valley. He cofounded the Hewlett-Packard Company with college pal Bill Hewlett, and together they built it into the second-largest computer company in world. Hewlett-Packard first prospered by making electronic measuring equipment s…
When Petruzielo left in 1994, Paige became the prime candidate for superintendent. A majority of the school board expressed their desire to hire Paige while he was still serving on the board without going through a national search process. The Hispanic Education Committee expressed strong opposition to the appointment of Paige and the hiring process that followed. A lawsuit was filed by the commit…
Nell Irvin Painter was born August 2, 1941, in Houston, Texas, of African-American ancestry. The daughter of Frank Edward Irvin, Sr., and Dona Lolita McGruder Irvin, Nell moved with her family to Oakland, California, as an infant. Her parents, who met as students at Houston College for Negroes, both had careers in education. They instilled in her the importance of making connections with the large…
PALCY, EUZHAN (1958?). Director. The Martinique-born filmmaker watched and loved films from an early age. She wrote and directed the short film The Messenger for French television in Martinique when she was 17 years old before embarking upon her filmmaking studies. She earned a master?s degree in French literature at the Sorbonne in Paris, a master?s degree in theater, and a film degree from the L…
Born June 7, 1952, in Istanbul, Turkey; married Aylin Tofajjal Turegen, 1982 (divorced, 2001); children: Ruya (daughter). Education: Earned degree in journalism from Robert College; studied architecture at Istanbul Technical College; received degree from University of Istanbul, Institute of Journalism, 1976. Addresses: Home ?Istanbul, Turkey. Office ?c/o Author Mail, Knopf, 1745 Broadway, New York…
(NBC, 6/23/1977, 90 mins). An undisciplined but dedicated black doctor (Dorian Harewood) spends his off duty hours tracing the cause of an apparent epidemic afflicting tenants of a slum building of East Los Angeles, with the help of local teenagers, and is accused by city officials of precipitating a panic. This pilot film never materialized into a series. Production Company Edgar J. Scherick Asso…
(ABC, 11/20/1974, 90 mins). Terror rides a private railroad car where passengers have only their wits as weapons against three armed men determined to rob and kill them. Production Company Quinn Martin Productions. Director Harvey Hart. Executive Producer Quinn Martin. Producer Anthony Spinner. Supervising Producer Russell Stoneham. Teleplay Eugene Price. Photography William W. Spencer. Music Rich…
The term panoramic photograph defines pictures that include a large horizontal angle of view. It is not normally associated with photographs made with conventional cameras and wide-angle lenses unless the image is cropped at the top and bottom to increase the width-to-height aspect ratio. Many single-use or other film cameras have a panoramic setting that creates a mask at the film plane to create…
Papa John?s Pizza is one of the top three pizza restaurants in the United States; the other two are Domino?s and Pizza Hut. Papa John?s is based out of Kentucky. There are almost 3.000 Papa John?s in the United States, more than 200 in the United Kingdom, and 20 located internationally. Papa John?s founder, John Schnatter worked at Rocky?s Sub Pub while attending high school in Indiana. Schnatter …
B. Unknown D. 1936 Birthplace: Unknown Award: L?gion d?Honneur, 1913 Madame Paquin was the first important female couturier, but very little is known about her personal life. Even her first name has been lost to history. After training at Maison Rouff, she founded her house in Paris in 1891. Her husband served as administrator, financier, and supporter to Madame Paquin. This arrangement was unusua…
( Lat ), Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim ( Ger ) (1493?1541) Swiss alchemist and physician: pioneer of medical chemistry. Paracelsus?s father was a physician working near Z?rich, who gave his son his early medical training. The young man travelled widely before settling in Strasbourg. There he achieved cures for some influential people and as a result was appointed City Physician in Basle. In…
The name ?Paracelsus? was probably coined by friends and intended as an implication of going ?beyond? (Gr. para ) the then-authoritative work of Celsus, ? an ancient medical encyclopedist. The official name was Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, and the child was born in a village near Zurich in 1493. As a boy he apprenticed at the nearby Fueger mines, where he had direct con…
The ways in which parents influence their offspring have changed over the past century, as society has imposed different pressures on the average family, but the parent-child relationship remains problematic for many. Modern dramatists tend to concentrate on the more problematic and abusive parent-child relationships, possibly because these make for better drama. Oftentimes such dramatizations are…
Barrington Daniels Parker Sr. was appointed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Richard Nixon on December 19, 1969. He is probably best known for presiding over the case that found John Hinckley Jr. not guilty by reason of insanity of attempting to assassinate President Ronald Reagan. After the acquittal, Parker ordered Hinckley committed to a mental hospital. This…
Born Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks, November 30, 1912, in Fort Scott, KS; died of complications from high blood pressure and prostate cancer, March 7, 2006, in New York, NY. Photographer and director. A creative pioneer in several fields, Gordon Parks first became famous for his affecting photographs in the 1940s. He became the first black staff photographer at the prestigious Life magazin…
PARKS, GORDON (1912?2006). Photographer, director, novelist, composer. Gordon Parks was born in Fort Scott, Kansas, and attended high school in St. Paul, Minnesota. After becoming interested in photography, he moved to Chicago in 1937 and was involved with the South Side Community Art Center. A one-man exhibit of his photographs earned him a prestigious Rosenwald Fellowship. Parks accepted an assi…
Pioneering businessman Henry Green Parks Jr. led the way for the sale of stocks in black businesses on Wall Street. As the founder of H. G. Parks Inc., Parks was the driving force behind the popular sausage company for over two decades. Established in 1951, the company flourished under his guidance and work ethic, and its cutting-edge marketing campaigns ushered in sales techniques that are widely…
Born Rosa Louise McCauley, February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, AL; died of natural causes, October 24, 2005, in Detroit, MI. Civil rights activist. Rosa Parks was best known for her act of civil disobedience in December of 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Her arrest led to a Supreme Court decision that segregation on such forms of public transporta…
Catherine Parr?s life is poorly documented. Eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Parr and Maud Greene, Catherine Parr was born around the year 1512 in either Kendal, Westmoreland, at her father?s castle or in his London house in Black-friars. At the age of five her father died, leaving her mother to raise three children alone. The mother saw to her children?s education, through the appointment of humanis…
James A. Parsons Jr. was a scientist, inventor, and university professor, whose research with rust resistant metals and iron alloys is credited with leading to the development of stainless steel. During his lifetime, he received several patents pertaining to metals for his achievements. Parsons was highly respected among his peers in the scientific community and widely regarded as one of the natio…
Modest, hardworking James Benton Parsons was the first African American appointed for life as an Article III judge. His 1961 appointment marked a pivotal point for African Americans involved in the legal system. Through his dedication and perseverance, Parsons prospered in various roles: he graduated from high school as valedictorian, worked as a teacher, and ultimately served as a judge. Parsons …
Richard Dean Parsons, CEO and president of the AOL-Time Warner Corporation, emerged through academic and corporate circles to become one of the most successful African Americans in corporate America. Parsons was born in the economically disadvantaged Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York on April 14, 1948 to Lorenzo Locklair, an airline technician (who installed and repaired electr…
(1854?1931) British engineer and inventor: designed the first effective steam turbine. Some of Parsons?s talents can be seen in his parents; his mother was a talented modeller and photographer and his father (the Earl of Rosse) was an astronomer who made and used some outstanding telescopes (his 65 in (1.65 m) reflector at Parsonstown in Ireland was without rival, and he used it to discover much a…
(NBC, 3/24/1973, 90 mins). In this reworking of ?The Judge and Jake Wyler? (1972), a lady judge turned-detective and her ex-con associate go in search of $750,000 in bank robbery loot. Lee Grant and Lou Antonio stepped into their roles done earlier by Bette Davis and Doug McClure. Production Companies Fairmount-Foxcroft Productions, Universal Television. Director Jack Smight. Executive Producers R…
[paskahl] (1623?62) French mathematician, physicist and philosopher: pioneer of theory of probability. Educated by his father, Pascal showed early intellectual ability, proving one of the most important theorems of projective geometry by the age of 16. He was fervently religious, belonging to the rigorous Jansenist sect of the Roman Catholic church. He was also neurotic, dyspeptic and humourless. …
[paster] (1822?95) French chemist and microbiologist: founder of stereochemistry and developer of microbiology and immunology; exponent of germ theory of disease. Pasteur is one of the greatest figures in science, who made major changes in all the fields in which he worked. He was enormously talented, with great powers of scientific intuition; he was also ambitious, arrogant, combative and nation…
B. September 27, 1887 D. March 8, 1936 Birthplace: Normandy Today, the House of Jean Patou is known primarily for producing Joy, the most expensive perfume in the world, first introduced in 1930. But Patou?s contributions to modern fashion were not restricted to perfumes, although there were many, each with a cleverly seductive name, from Moment Supreme, 1929, and Divine Folie, 1933, to l?Heure At…
Deval Laurdine Patrick was raised by his mother and grandparents in a poverty-stricken neighborhood on Chicago?s South Side. His father, a saxophone player, left the family when Patrick and his sister were still very ? young. Patrick attended the Mary C. Terrell School in the 1960s. Because the school was located in a rough neighborhood bordering a housing project, each student was required to sli…
Principal social theme: abortion Handel Productions. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Dani Lynn, Merry Anders, Bruno VeSota, J. Edward McKinley, Carlton Crane, David McMahon, Jack Haddock, Bob Rudelson, Speer Martin, Sean Brian, Joe Conley, Leif Lindstrom, Sid Kane, Sherwood Keith, Phil Clarke, Adrienne Hayes, Sally Hughes, Ralph Neff, Barney Biro. Written by Leo A. Handel. Cinematography by Howard Schw…
Although not one of the original twelve *apostles, Paul is often depicted among them because of his experiencing a direct revelation ? or vision of *Christ and also because of his great significance in the development of the early Christian church. A *Jew, with Roman citizenship, Paul was born in Tarsus (Asia Minor), was originally named Saul, and was educated and brought up as a Pharisee (a stric…
The biography of Saint Paul the Hermit was constructed from Greek sources by Saint *Jerome. To escape the persecutions of the emperor Decius, Paul retreated to the Theban desert c.250 where he lived the remainder of his (nearly hundred-year) life as a hermit. His life of contemplative solitude and asceticism was paralleled by a number of other early desert fathers whose lives similarly recount var…
Thomas Paul served as a pioneer in the organization and development of the independent African American church. Paul was in the forefront of this movement in the North, and reached out to other congregations who sought similar goals. His missionary work and his desire to improve the conditions of the African American community took him to congregations as far away as Haiti. He opened a way for rel…
(1913?93) German physicist. Paul studied at Munich and Berlin before moving to G?ttingen and Bonn. Paul with Hans Dehmelt (1922? ) introduced and developed the ion trap technique which has allowed single electrons and ions to be studied with amazing precision. Paul began such experiments in the 1950s by focusing atoms in a beam using a six-pole magnetic field. He showed that ions of different mass…
[pow lee] (1900?58) Austrian?Swiss?US physicist: discovered the Pauli exclusion principle in quantum mechanics. The son of a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Vienna, Pauli obtained his PhD at Munich in 1921. Encouraged by , Pauli had written (when he was only 19) an article, subsequently published as a small book, on relativity that was admired by for its ?deep physical insight…
[paw ling] (1901?94) US chemist: the outstanding chemist of the 20th-c. Pauling?s chemical beginnings were very ordinary. He grew up in a country area in Oregon, and his father (a pharmacist) died when he was 9; the boy began experimenting with chemicals when he was 11 and continued at school. By 15 he had decided to become a chemical engineer. He attended the small Oregon Agricultural College an…
(1849?1936) Russian physiologist: discoverer of the conditioned reflex. When Pavlov graduated in medicine at St Petersburg in 1875 he had already done useful research in physiology, and his interest was mainly in this field rather than in practical medicine. In the 1880s he studied in Germany and from 1890 he held research posts in St Petersburg, finally building up a very large research centre. I…
n?e Payne (1900?79) British?US astronomer: the most eminent woman astronomer and a founder of modern astrophysics. As a very English middle-class child, Cecilia Payne was sent to a church primary school. Precocious as a pupil in mathematics, languages and music, she also tested the efficacy of prayer by dividing her exams into two groups, and prayed for success in one group only; she got better ma…
In a career that spanned less than twenty years, Philip A. Payton Jr. became known for providing African Americans in New York City with an opportunity to live in quality housing in the northern Manhattan community of Harlem. As a real estate broker, property manager, and owner, Payton gained a national reputation among African American business leaders during the first decade of the twentieth cen…
PC Magazine includes previews and critiques of the newest hardware and software for professionals in the technology field. Articles are composed by industry experts such as John C. Dvorak. Dvorak has a regular article and feature piece in the magazine. The magazine has developed greatly over the past few years. The most notable change has been the resizing of the publication which made it far smal…
Living to the ripe age of 105, George Peake was the first African American to be a part of the colonial settlement that became Cleveland, Ohio. He also invented a hand mill to be used in agricultural work. Peake was born in Maryland in 1722. His family traveled to Pennsylvania, presumably where he was raised. In 1754 at the age of thirty-two, Peake was reported as a soldier for England. After part…
[pay ah noh] (1858?1932) Italian mathematician: introduced the Peano axioms into mathematical logic. Peano grew up on a farm and from the age of 12 was taught privately in Turin. On winning a scholarship to Turin University his talent was fully revealed, and by 32 he held a professorship there. The lack of rigour in mathematics provoked him to try to unravel the areas where intuition had concealed…
(ABC, 11/15/1978 to 11/19/1978, 3 Parts, 120 mins each, 6 hours). A stellar three-part romantic drama, written by prolific Stirlin Silliphant, looking suspiciously like ?From Here to Eternity? (a miniseries version of which turned up some weeks after this one premiered) and interweaving the lives and passions of three military couples living in Honolulu in December 1941. Production Companies Konig…
(1857?1936) British statistician: pioneer of statistics applied to biology. Pearson?s father was a barrister and Karl also qualified in law but never practised; but he did well in Cambridge in mathematics and afterwards studied physics and biology in Germany. At his Cambridge college he successfully rebelled against compulsory chapel attendance and then infuriated the authorities by occasional app…
As with a number of Tudor authors, there is a degree of uncertainty regarding both the birth and death of George Peele. Citing as evidence the 1556 baptismal register for the St. James Garlickhithe parish??The 25 Iulye, George peele?? Leonard Ashley surmises that this indeed refers to the dramatist, while other critics suggest Peele may have been born as late as 1558. What is certain, however, is …
Definition: Peer-to-peer multicast video refers to the concept of peer-to-peer communication, where nodes are both clients and? servers. In the tradition video distribution scheme, a client contacts a server and establishes a unicast session before starting to receive the required content. Although this configuration is enough in many simple scenarios, it presents a number of problems. Indeed, the…
Roger Zimmermann, Leslie S. Liu Computer Science Department University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA Definition: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture for multimedia streaming is emerging in recent years which can eliminate the need for costly dedicated video servers in the traditional client-several approach. The basic concept of peer-to-peer (P2P) computing is not new and some technique…
Definition: The term peer to peer denotes a class of distributed system architectures, that is, a way of structuring and organizing the work of several computers that communicate through a network. In a peer to peer system, each computer that participates in the system has some kind of resource (data, computing capacity, disk space, algorithms, etc.) that it offers to the other users of the system…
Definition: Peer to peer file sharing and the management and enforcement of digital rights remain two very important cogs in online multimedia e-commerce. While large multimedia repositories suchi Tunes and Download.com store media in an Organized and centralized fashion, other technologies allow multimedia to be replicated and distributed upon thousands of servers. In this latter case?the peer-to…
[pay erlz] (1907?95) German?British theoretical physicist: contributed to solid-state physics, quantum mechanics and nuclear physics. Peierls was educated at Berlin, and then studied under in Munich, in Leipzig and as assistant in Z?rich. Research in Rome, Cambridge and Manchester followed and in 1937 he was appointed professor at Birmingham. In 1963 he moved to Oxford and from 1974?77 to the Univ…
Alifelong Republican, lawyer, political organizer, and expert on Detroit?s Wayne County government administration, Benjamin Pelham founded the first black political machine in Detroit, Michigan. He was an astute politician who influenced Detroit politics, and he was one of the founders of the influential Midwest black daily newspaper, the Plain Dealer . Benjamin Pelham also held a number of patent…
[peltyay] (1788?1842) French chemist: founder of alkaloid chemistry. Pelletier followed the family profession of pharmacy and studied at the ?cole de Pharmacie in Paris, and afterwards taught there. From about 1809 he began to examine natural products, using mild methods of separation (mainly solvent extraction) rather than the older methods such as destructive distillation. An early success was h…
Born c. 1971; daughter of an environmental engineering executive. Education: University of Pennsylvania?s Wharton School of Business, undergraduate degree, 983; Pembroke College, Oxford University, graduate degree. Addresses: Office ?Travelocity, 3150 Sabre Dr., Southlake, TX 76092. Founder, A New Generation for Peace, c. 1986; financial analyst for a Citibank office in Senegal, early 1990s; manag…
Mary Sidney was born in 1561, the second of four children who survived infancy. Her grandfather was the duke of Northumberland, her uncles the earls of Leicester and Warwick, yet as the daughter of their sister Mary Dudley and of Sir Henry Sidney, the queen?s deputy in Ireland and Wales, she belonged to the gentry. While this fact dogged the careers of her brothers, Philip Sidney* and Robert Sidne…
Clarence Pendleton Jr. was an enigma, thought by some to be a role model to blacks and by others to be a traitor to blacks and black issues. Pendleton is best known as the conservative Republican chairman of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Pendleton began working for black issues and ran a record-setting program as head of the San Diego Model Cities Program. Broadly stated, Pendleton believed…
State law regulations state that no less than forty percent of lottery proceeds must be payed out as prizes and that no less than thirty percent must be used to fund programs. In the 2003-2004 time period, almost $2.4 billion in revenue was acquired. Nearly $1.4 billion was paid out in prizes, $8.2 million paid to programs, $2 million was paid in commissions, and $60 million paid out in advertisin…
(1931?) British theoretical physicist: major contributor to theories on black holes. Son of a distinguished geneticist and expert on mental defects, Penrose studied at University College, London, and Cambridge. After posts in London, Cambridge and the USA he became professor of applied mathematics at Birkbeck College, London (1966), and Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics in Oxford (1973). Penrose…
(1939-) Penske Corporation Roger Penske created a unique niche for himself, in the highly competitive automotive industry through his almost fanatical attention to the details of his products and services. He also found success by paying close attention to the vastly overlapping and interlocking aspects of his privately held transportation empire which included: Detroit Diesel, Penske Truck Leas…
Pentecost referred originally to the traditional Jewish celebration of the grain harvest, which was held on the fiftieth day after Passover. The festival came also to commemorate *Moses? receipt of the Tablets of the Law. In the New Testament (Acts 2), the *apostles were gathered at the time of Pentecost, after Jesus? *death, and a great wind from *heaven and ?cloven tongues as of fire? descended …
(1933? ) US astrophysicist: discovered the 3 K microwave background radiation. A refugee from Nazi Germany, Penzias was educated in New York and joined Bell Telephones in 1961. In 1948 and R Herman (1914?97) hypothesized that the radiation released during the ?Big Bang? at the creation of the universe ought to have permeated the universe and progressively cooled, to a present-day temperature of ab…
RICHARD ZAKIA Rochester Institute of Technology In 1978 Henri Cartier-Bresson reminded us that Photography has not changed since its origin except in its technical aspects, which for me are not a major concern . (Zakia, 2000, p. xv) This statement, by one of the great artists in photography, is worth pondering particularly with the increasingly sophisticated imaging technology now available. Reg…
(1943-) Revlon Group, MacAndrews & Forbes Ronald Perelman is in the business of creating wealth. He buys undervalued companies, focuses on their core products, sells off unprofitable operations, and uses the remaining assets and improving cash flow to buy more ailing companies. In 1988 Perelman joined the ranks of the nation?s foremost takeover giants after securing control of Revlon, one of t…
[pairay] (1909?75) French nuclear chemist: discoverer of actinium K (francium); the first woman to be elected to the Acad?mie des Sciences. Marguerite Perey?s first wish was to study medicine, but the death of her father made that impossible. She joined staff as a junior laboratory assistant in 1929, and almost left when she found the conditions of work so austere, but she remained at the Institut…
(CBS, 3/14/1978, 120 mins). Lauren Bacall made her TV-movie debut in this amusing caper film (written by Nora Efron) about three women with totally different backgrounds but sharing a common bond in that each needs a large sum of money and each has a husband in prison, and with the help of a safecracking old lady (Ruth Gordon) they pull off a million-dollar heist. Production Companies Bud Austin P…
(1838?1907) British chemist: made first synthetic dye and founded organic chemical industry. Young Perkin?s interest in chemistry began in a familiar way. He records that when he was about 12, ?a young friend showed me some chemical experiments and the wonderful power of substances to crystallize in definite forms especially struck me . . . and the possibility also of making new discoveries impres…
On March 7, 1965, Selma, Alabama was thrust into international headlines. Approximately six hundred voter rights activists organized a march from Selma to Montgomery. As the activists crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge, they were met by sheriff deputies and Alabama state troopers who sprayed the marchers with tear gas and beat them with nightsticks as they left the bridge. The term ?Bloody Sunday? w…
(1927? ) US physicist. Perl grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland, and qualified as a chemical engineer at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He worked for GEC on production problems, and left to take a doctoral programme in physics at Columbia in 1950, working on atomic beam resonance to study atomic nuclei under . Between 1974 and 1977 Perl and colleagues at the St…
(1961-) WebTV Networks, Inc. Steve Perlman designed revolutionary new computer products for several companies before forming his own, WebTV Networks Inc. In doing so, he realized his dream of creating a system for using the television to reach the World Wide Web and to operate e-mail. Now many others in the computer, television, and cable TV industries are trying to create similar services. Stev…
(1930-) Perot Systems Corporation Ross Perot has earned a reputation as a successful business executive, a fiercely patriotic citizen, and a formidable political candidate. He built a computer company from the ground up, turning it into a major enterprise that has made him a billionaire. He has used some of his vast wealth to improve the lives of war veterans and to stage two campaigns for Presi…
[peri] (1870?1942) French physical chemist: gave first definitive demonstration of the existence of atoms. Perrin studied in Lyon and Paris, and in 1910 became professor of physical chemistry at the Sorbonne, but fled to America in 1941. While studying for his doctorate, Perrin investigated cathode rays, showing them to be negatively charged and obtaining a rough value of their charge/mass ratio b…
PERRY, TYLER (1969?). Actor, director, writer, producer. He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , and began writing plays when he was 18. He created and portrays the character of Madea, a gruff, grandmotherly, sharp witted, no-nonsense, pistol-toting woman who speaks her mind with reckless abandon. He began to tour the country with a series of religious based plays that featured this popular chara…
Personal piety is not uniformly attested throughout Egyptian history. Before the New Kingdom (1539?1075 B.C.E. ), it is very rare to find a private person depicted on a stele (etched slab of stone) worshipping a deity. Old Kingdom tomb biographies tended to stress the service the tomb owner had performed for the king, and any mention of his deeds for the gods is largely absent. During the First In…
Apple W. P. Fok and Horace H. S. Ip Sun Centre of Excellence on Pervasive Computing Centre for Innovative Applications of Internet and Multimedia Technologies, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Definition: Enabling technologies that support the personalization of Web-based applications include technologies for user profiling, intelligent search, filtering and recommendation ofhypermedi…
LESLIE STROEBEL, PH.D. Rochester Institute of Technology Perspective ?Refers to the appearance of depth when a three-dimensional object or scene is represented in a two-dimensional image, such as a photograph, or when the subject is viewed directly. Types of perspective ?The fact that we humans have two eyes is often credited for our ability to perceive depth and judge relative distances in the …
(1914?2002) Austrian?British molecular biologist: showed structure of haemoglobin. Both sides of Perutz?s family were textile manufacturers. After studying chemistry in Vienna he came to Cambridge in 1936 to work for a PhD in crystallography with J D Bernal (1901?71). The latter had shown in 1934, with , that a wet crystal of a protein (pepsin) would give an X-ray diffraction pattern, thereby impl…
The exact cause of the collapse of the central government at the end of the Old Kingdom between 2170 and 2130 B.C.E. remains the subject of debate. Nevertheless, it is clear that the central government located in Memphis gradually surrendered its control to local rulers of the provinces during this forty-year period. From 2130 to about 2003 B.C.E. , Egypt experienced decentralized, local governmen…
The *apostle (Simon) Peter (d. c.64) features prominently in the New Testament and in the history of the Christian church. His importance is reflected in his very frequent appearance in art from the early Christian period and throughout the Middle Ages. He appears in a great variety of scenes (both scriptural and apocryphal) and is more often illustrated in art than any of the other apostles. He i…
PETERS, BROCK (1927?2005). Actor, producer. Peters was born in New York City and acted on Broadway before moving into film. His stage debut was a 1943 production of Porgy and Bess, and he was later cast in the film version as well. His first film role was as Sergeant Brown in the Otto Preminger musical Carmen Jones , 1954. He received rave reviews for his portrayal of the falsely accused Tom Robin…
(1889?1982) British biochemist: wide-ranging discoverer of metabolic paths in cellular metabolism. Peters studied science in Cambridge and medicine in London, qualifying in 1915, and serving with distinction in France in the First World War before his recall to the UK in 1917 to join the chemical warfare defence laboratory at Porton Down. After the war he began his studies on the vitamin B complex…
Trudy Huskamp Peterson was born on January 25, 1945, in Estherville, Iowa, of German ancestry. Her father was a farmer, her mother a full-time homemaker. As a child Trudy attended a small town school, then entered a junior and senior high school that incorporated three small towns. Her graduating class had thirty-two students. As an only child growing up on a farm, she was influenced by farm life …
The Italian poet, scholar, and collector Francesco Petrarch (1304?1374) exerted a profound influence on the later medieval and early Renaissance periods through his writings, travels, political involvements, and friendships with notable contemporaries (e.g., *Boccaccio). An avid scholar and copier of classical texts, he amassed an impressive private library of ancient Roman works and authored many…
Born Elizabeth Joy Peyton in 1965 in Danbury, CT; daughter of candlemakers; married Rirkrit Tiravenija (an artist), early 1990s (divorced). Education: Earned degree from the School of Visual Arts, 1987. Addresses: Agent ?Gavin Brown?s Enterprise, 620 Greenwich St., New York, NY 10014. Home ?Long Island, NY. First solo show held at the Althea Viafora Gallery, 1987; assistant to the artist Ronald Jo…
(1941-) Compaq Computer Corp. As chief executive of Compaq, Eckhard Pfeiffer has established the computer company as the world leader in the hotly contested personal computer market. He hopes to take the company even further by expanding its product line and services to become the largest enterprise computing company. Eckhard Pfeiffer was born on August 20, 1941 just west of Dresden in the small…
(1932-) National Broadcasting Company, (NBC) Jane Cahill Pfeiffer made headlines between 1978 and 1980 as the first chairwoman of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Her NBC career ended suddenly after only 22 months when a rift developed between her and other management. Jane Cahill Pfeiffer was born in Washington, D.C., on September 29, 1932, to John Joseph and Helen Cahill. Jane?s fath…
Principal social themes: AIDS, homosexuality Tristar. PG-13 rating. Featuring: Tom Hanks, Denzel Washington, Jason Robards, Mary Steenburgen, Antonio Banderas, Charles Napier, Ron Vawter, Robert Ridgely, Lisa Summerour, Roger Corman, Joanne Woodward, Kathryn Witt, John Bedford Lloyd, Anna Deavere Smith, Tracey Walter, Daniel von Bargen, Roberta Maxwell, David Drake, Paul Lazar, Obba Babatunde, Bra…
Philip, a fisherman from Bethsaida, was one of the twelve apostles, the third to be called by Jesus. He is mentioned primarily in the Gospel of *John: summoned by Jesus and bringing Nathanael (Bartholomew) to Jesus (John 1:43-46), present at the *miracle of the *Multiplication of the Loaves and Fishes (John 6:5-7), with Jesus in Jerusalem (John 12:21-22), and at the *Last Supper (John 14:8-9). He …
Channing Emery Phillips was a noted clergyman and civil rights activist. Intellectually gifted and attuned to the needs of the urban poor, he was deeply committed to helping black and low-income families improve their circumstances. He attained national recognition at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1968, when he became the first black man to be nominated for president of the Unit…
(1948? ) US physicist: developed methods of cooling to ultra-low temperatures by use of laser light. As a 12-year-old boy, Phillips spent his leisure in sports activities or experimenting with chemicals and electricity, and survived the unheeded hazards of asbestos, ultraviolet light, home explosives and a carbon arc. His interest in science persisted and he focused on physics in his degree course…
Definition: Image inpainting techniques include photo defect detection, where ink traces, scratch, and damage from ink pens are automatically detected. The concept of image inpainting is discussed in the article entitled ?Digital Inpainting.? Most existing inpainting mechanisms allow users to select a defect area or a mask of object to be removed. To cope with the inconveniency, we developed a nai…
CLIFF OGLEBY The University of Melbourne Photogrammetry is the art, science, and technology of making measurements from photographs. The discipline started in the 1880s, but more recently the advent of digital imaging has dramatically changed the accessibility and application areas of photogrammetry. Originally used for the measurement of buildings, and then adopted for producing maps from aeria…
NANCY M. STUART, PH.D. The Cleveland Institute of Art That crazy feeling in America when the sun is hot on the streets and music comes out of the jukebox or from a nearby funeral, that is what Robert Frank has captured in tremendous photographs taken as he traveled on the road around practically forty-eight states in an old used car (on Guggenheim Fellowship) and with agility, mystery, genius, s…
TERRANCE KESSLER Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester Optics is the branch of physics that deals with the generation, propagation, and detection of light. Electromagnetic (EM) wave and quantum mechanical photon theories coexist to explain the phenomena of light. The wave theory of light is derived from EM fields and is generally sufficient for imaging and photography. Physica…
JOHN (CRAIG) FREEMAN Emerson College Photographic virtual reality is a type of digital media that allows a user to interact with photographic panoramas, objects, or scenes on a computer display using software called a viewer or player. Sometimes referred to as immersive photography, photographic virtual reality is designed to give the user the sensation of being there. Photographic virtual reali…
CHRISTOPHER BURNETT Visual Studies Workshop Photography can be learned in a weekend. It can take a lifetime to learn photography. For decades, workshops have spanned these poles of photographic education and all levels of engagement in between. The versatility of workshops accompanies a range of educational needs and options according to which the format adjusts and adapts itself. A workshop can…
BRUCE CHECEFSKY The Cleveland Institute of Art The invention of photography in the 1830s brought voyeurism to the masses. It made public what was previously only imagined and secret. The great early erotic-pornographic photographers proved that high shock value and intense sensuality compelled the reader to pay attention, willingly or otherwise. Nineteenth century fashion photographers learned t…
GRETCHEN GARNER Independent photographic author and scholar It would be hard to imagine a technology that had more impact on 20th century life than photography: the automobile, the airplane, nuclear power, all of these were higher profile than photography, yet in day-to-day terms, photography was truly the most pervasive. Here the effect that photography has had on 20th century society will be d…
SAUL OSTROW The Cleveland Institute of Art This essay represents the relationships between photography, fine art photography, and the visual arts as they developed in the United States between 1900 and 2001. Though photography had come to be acknowledged as a legitimate form of artistic pursuit by the early part of the 20th century, it was considered a minor one. This was regardless of the fact …
NANCY M. STUART PH.D. The Cleveland Institute of Art Photography by its very definition is a physical and chemical process that requires the fixing of radiant energy using a photosensitive surface typically with a mechanical or electronic camera. Much can and has been written about the science and technology of this process, but it is the impact of its images on our society that has visually def…
LYNNE BENTLEY-KEMP, PH.D. Florida Keys Community College Photography has benefited greatly from the vitality and intellectual curiosity of its practitioners and its audience since its inception in 1839. The history of photography has been recorded and preserved by collectors, artists, scholars, bon vivants, and adventurers worldwide. Collections of photography span the vastness of the medium its…
MICHAEL R. PERES AND GREG BARNETT Rochester Institute of Technology Taking pictures, whether at a basic or professional level, requires the use of equipment. In this era of technological transformation, taking pictures also requires the upgrading of equipment at frequent intervals. From the moment that there is a need for photography to be undertaken and concluding with the final image delivery,…
GUENTHER CARTWRIGHT Rochester Institute of Technology Most dictionaries define photojournalism as ?Journalism in which the written word is subordinate to pictorial usage.? In the third edition of this encyclopedia, Angus McDougall attributes the term photojournalism to F. L. Mott, the Dean of the University of Missouri-Columbia?s Journalism School, in 1924. ?Photojournalism is the visual reporti…
MICHAEL R. PERES Rochester Institute of Technology JOHN G. DELLY Close-up and photomacrography, sometimes incorrectly called macro photography, are techniques that allow closer than usual camera-to-subject distances to be used for picture taking. The term close-up normally implies no true image magnification has occurred and will produce images between 1/20 of the normal size down to about life …
CARL SALVAGGIO, PH.D. Rochester Institute of Technology The terms that we use as practitioners and researchers in a field of study define the discipline itself as well as the effectiveness with which we can communicate among colleagues and others members of our profession. The long-lived fictional character, Humpty Dumpty, from the Lewis Carroll classic Through the Looking Glass , said to Alice …
MICHAEL W. DAVIDSON SCOTT OLENYCH NATHAN CLAXTON Florida State University Photomicrography is a specialized form of micro-projection where images of minute specimens, magnified by a microscope, are captured using some form of detector. For most of the twentieth century, the primary medium for photomicrography was the silver halide emulsion on glass or film. These materials served the scientifi…
(1928-) Mesa Royalty Trust One of the best known and most skillful deal makers ever to emerge on the American scene, T. Boone Pickens rose to prominence during the 1980s as one of the decade?s premier ?corporate raiders.? Colorful and outspoken, he combined uncanny business skill with the daring of a gambler as he launched one takeover attempt after another and shook up the oil industry in the p…
Born March 18, 1941, in Prattville, AL; died of a heart attack, January 19, 2006, in Reston, VA. Singer and songwriter. Soul/Rhythm & Blues (R&B) singer Wilson Pickett was best known for such 1960s hits as ?In the Midnight Hour? and ?Mustang Sally.? Known by the nickname ?Wicked Pickett,? he wrote or co-wrote many of his own songs. Despite a career downturn in the 1970s and 1980s, Pickett was indu…
Bessie Louise Pierce was born in Caro, Michigan, on April 20, 1888, to Clifton J. and Minnie Cornelia (Pierson) Pierce. She received a B.A. in 1910 from the University of Iowa, an M.A. from the University of Chicago in 1918, and a Ph.D. in 1923 from the University of Iowa. She was a Phi Beta Kappa and a Guggenheim Fellow twice as well as an American Association of University Women Fellow and a New…
Italian for ?pity,? the Piet? is an image of the sorrowing Virgin *Mary holding the dead body of *Christ across her lap. The scene is not described in the Gospels and is distinct from *Deposition, *Lamentation, and *Entombment scenes, where more figures are normally present. The type is first seen c.1300 in Germany and developed from the mystical writings of authors such as Saint Mechthild of Helf…
A pilgrim is one who undertakes a journey (pilgrimage) to a site believed to be holy, in order to worship, seek spiritual aid or physical healing, or to fulfill a vow or obligation (e.g., do penance). The practice of visiting sites associated with the life and passion of *Christ is attested from the very early Christian period; it increased following the empress Saint *Helena?s pilgrimage to the H…
(1903?67) US biologist: introduced the oral contraceptive pill. Pincus followed in his father?s footsteps by graduating in agriculture at Cornell; his father was a lecturer in the subject. Then he studied genetics and physiology at Cambridge, Berlin and Harvard, and later founded his own consultancy in experimental biology. In 1951 he was influenced by the birth control campaigner Margaret Sanger …
(1953-) America Online, Inc. The so-called boy wonder of broadcasting, Robert Warren Pittman earned his highly esteemed reputation by tapping into the collective mindset of the youth of America in the early 1980s, as he was instrumental in the 1981 launch and success of Music Television (MTV). The launch of MTV was only the beginning of the critically acclaimed and rapid ascent of Pittman in the…
Born July 26, 1965, in New York, NY; son of Byrne (a drama teacher) and Joyce (a drama teacher; maiden name, Hiller) Piven. Education: Graduated from Drake University, c. 1987. Addresses: Agent ?ICM, 8942 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills, CA 90211. Actor in films, including: Lucas , 1986; One Crazy Summer , 1986; Say Anything , 1989; The Grifters , 1990; White Palace , 1990; The Player , 1992; Single…
Definition: Using the ad-hoc network, we deliver data from the local storage of one or more neighboring devices to reduce the demand for the network infrastructure to remote servers. Thismode of delivery requires the devices to collaborate with one another by sharing a fraction of theiravailable storage. One may enhance availability of a clip by bringing it closer to the device that displays it. T…
(1858?1947) German physicist: originated quantum theory, making 1900 the transition between classical and modern physics. The son of a professor of civil law, Planck attended university at Berlin and Munich, finishing his doctorate in 1880. He then went to Kiel, becoming a professor there in 1885. A move to Berlin in 1888 followed. In 1930 he became president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute; he r…
(ABC, 4/23/1974, 90 mins). An American astronaut, cast into the year 2133 through suspended animation, is captured and enslaved by a female dominated society in the sci-fi reworking by Gene Roddenberry of his ?Genesis II? (1973). Production Company Warner Bros. Television. Director Marc Daniels. Executive Producer Gene Roddenberry. Producer Robert H. Justman. Teleplay Gene Roddenberry, Juanita Bar…
(NBC, 1/3/1979, 120 mins). A landlocked variation of ?Love Boat? was this pilot for a prospective series, interweaving several lighthearted plots about vacationers at a posh resort?one of whom is Tom Jones, making his acting debut as a charming rogue with criminal intentions. Production Companies David Gerber Productions, Lou Shaw Productions, Columbia Pictures Television. Director Bruce Bilson. P…
in full Gaius Plinius Secundus ( c .23?79) Roman writer on natural history: the first encyclopedist. Pliny was a child of a wealthy Roman family and so was well educated; at 23 he began an official career as a member of the second great Roman order, the equestrian order. His early duties, as was usual, were in the army: he served in the cavalry on the Rhine frontier and his first writing was on th…
Brenda Gayle Plummer was born on October 20, 1946, in Durham, North Carolina, of African-American ancestry. Her mother was a factory worker; her father was a laborer. She attended public and private schools in New York City as a child, then Antioch College, where she earned a bachelor?s degree in 1969. An interest, as she puts it, ?in how society works so it can be changed? led her to study histor…
B. June 5, 1902 D. 1982 Birthplace: Oakland, California Awards: Academy Award, Costume Design: An American in Paris (1951) ???????? Academy Award Nominations, Costume Design: The Magnificent Yankee (1950), Kind Lady (1951), The Actress (1953), Young Bess (1953), Raintree County (1957), Some Came Running (1958), Pocket Full of Miracles (1961), How the West Was Won (1963) Walter Plunkett gave up t…
On April 2, 1894, the Daily Record, later renamed as The Pocono Record was founded. Fifty-two years later, James H. Ottaway Sr. bought the newspaper which became the third newspaper of the Ottaway Newspapers chain. Ottaway is now a branch of Dow Jones & Company while the Pocono Record is one of Ottaway Newspapers of Pennsylvania LP. Monroe County, Pennsylvania is the area of coverage for the Pocon…
[pwikaray] (1854?1912) French mathematician: discovered automorphic functions and contributed independently to relativity theory. Poincar? was the son of a physician and was educated at the ?cole Polytechnique and ?cole des Mines. After teaching at the University of Caen he spent his life from 1881 as a professor at the University of Paris. He became a member of the Acad?mie des Sciences (1887) an…
B. April 20, 1879 D. 1943 Birthplace: Paris, France Paul Poiret received a baccalaureate in science and business from the Ecole Massillon, all the while sketching and draping fashions inspired by his love of theater and fine art. After school, Poiret?s father, a cloth merchant, wanted his son to experience the business world and learn a professional trade, and he secured him an apprenticeship in a…
[pwas?] (1781?1840) French mathematician: contributed to electrostatics, magnetostatics, probability theory and complex analysis. Poisson?s talent in creative mathematics was recognized by while he was at the ?cole Polytechnique. He had begun training as a surgeon, but found he had neither taste nor talent for the work. In 1800 he was appointed to a post at the ?cole. Poisson?s mathematical contri…
POITIER, SIDNEY (1927?). Actor, director. Born in Miami, Sidney Poitier spent his early years with his family in the Bahamas. He returned to Miami at age 15, hopped freight trains to New York City, and became a dishwasher. When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Poitier enlisted in the U.S. Army and served four years. Upon returning to New York, he tried out for the American Negro Theater but was turned…
LARRY S. MILLER East Tennessee State University The first known use of the camera for law enforcement purposes was in the mid 19th century, initially to record still images of arrested individuals and to document crime scenes. This is still important today, but police also now use camera and video to record interrogations, traffic stops, surveillance, public thoroughfares, and traffic accidents.…
Born Anna Mazepa, August 30, 1958, in New York; died of gunshot wounds, October 7, 2006, in Moscow, Russia. Journalist. Over the course of her career, award-winning Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya dedicated herself to exploring the untold stories of her part of the world. She wrote about government corruption and human-rights abuses but her favorite topic was Russia?s military campaign in Ch…
Sarah B. Pomeroy was born on March 13, 1938, in New York City. Her mother, a teacher, and her father, a businessman, were both of Eastern European ancestry. Pomeroy attended the Birch Wathen School. She remembers visiting museums as a child, and these experiences, combined with a gift for investigating and writing, encouraged her to pursue a career as a historian. Pomeroy attended Barnard College,…
[p?slay] (1788?1867) French mathematician: substantially advanced projective geometry. In November 1812 the bedraggled rearguard of the French Grande Arm?e under Marshal Ney was overwhelmed at Krasnoi on the frozen plains of Russia; Poncelet, a young engineer, was left for dead on the battlefield. A search party who found him took him for questioning, as he was an officer, and so he survived to be…
(NBC, 2/14/1973, 90 mins). A comedy about Satan?s bumbling disciple (Sammy Davis Jr.) who, after 1,400 years of failure to secure a single soul for his boss (Christopher Lee), gets one last chance when he sets his sights on a gambler, a disgruntled accountant (Jack Klugman). A pilot for a prospective series. Production Company Paramount Network Television. Director Robert Scheerer. Executive Produ…
[pop of] (1859?1906) Russian physicist: radio pioneer. Planning to enter the clergy, Popov studied at a seminary, but after graduation his interests in physics and engineering led him to study at the university at St Petersburg and concurrently to work at the Elektrotekhnik artel which generated electric power. In 1883 he joined the naval Torpedo School at Kronstadt, as an instructor in electrical…
Definition: Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format uses lossless data compression andcontains support for device-independent color through gamma correction and the XYZ colormodel. ? The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format was originally designed to replace the GIF format. PNG, now on version 1.2, is an International Standard (ISO/IEC 15948:2003), also released as a W3C Recommendation on Novembe…
Definition: Portals serve as entry points to public and private IP-based networks, including the Internet. Borrowing from its historical definition as a ?grand doorway,? the modern technological interpretation of ?portal? is as an entry point (or gateway) to a broad array of collaborativenetwork-based resources and services. In the early days of personal computing, portals servedas the means of ac…
The ?doyenne of black bibliography,? Dorothy Porter was born Dorothy Louise Burnett on May 25, 1905, in Warrenton, Virginia, of African-American ancestry. Her father, Hayes Joseph Burnett, was a physician; her mother, Bertha Ball Burnett, was a professional tennis player. She was raised in Montclair, New Jersey, where she attended public school. She moved to Washington, D.C., in 1923 to pursue a t…
(1920?2002) British physical chemist: developed flash photolysis for detection of short-lived photochemical entities. Porter took his first degree in Leeds, and in his final year took a course in radiophysics; in the Second World War, as a naval officer, he worked with radar. In Cambridge from 1945, he worked with (1897?1978) on the detection and study of the short-lived radical intermediates invo…
(1917?85) British biochemist and immunologist: deduced general structure of antibodies. Born and educated in Liverpool, Porter had just graduated there when his career was diverted by military service from 1940?6; afterwards he worked on proteins with in Cambridge. Then, in London from 1949, he developed his interest in antibodies. He showed in 1950 that some could be partly broken down without to…
(CBS, 10/2/1979, 120 mins). Young widow, supporting herself and her pre-teen son by performing as a nightclub dancer, finds the place turned into a strip joint and learns that her father-in-law is trying to prove her an unfit mother. Originally titled ?The Secret Life of Susie Hanson.? Production Companies Moonlight Productions, Filmways. Director John A. Alonzo. Executive Producers Frank von Zern…
Portrait photography produces pictures that capture the personality of a subject by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses. A portrait picture might be artistic, or it might be clinical, as part of a medical study. Frequently, portraits are commissioned for a special occasions such as weddings or school events. Portraits can serve many purposes, from usage on a personal Web site to display…
Postcard photography often celebrates the unique aspects of tourist destinations; for some, postcards have become collectible. Postcards accentuate the positive attributes of locations. The picture postcard debuted in 1870, when a French stationer published a postcard to commemorate the visit of a popular military regiment to his city. Brisk sales inspired entrepreneurs in Germany and Austria to p…
Perhaps the single most remarkable aspect of the postwar American cinema was the overall quality and vitality of the movies themselves. Despite the declining market and mounting outside pressures, Hollywood?s output in the late 1940s was, by any standards, as strong as in any period in industry history. The war and the war-related flood of new talent brought a spirit of innovation and even a certa…
A. D. COLEMAN Independent Photography Critic, Historian, and Curator Two models of digital art-making and dissemination dominate the current discourse on this subject: potlatch ?the open-handed giveaway of one?s bounty, as practiced by the Kwakiutl Indians of the Pacific Northwest?and auction : sale of one?s work to the highest bidder. As an alternative, let us explore a fertile middle ground, w…
POUNDER, CCH. (1952?). Actress. Her name is Carol Christine Hilaria Pounder. Born in Guyana, South America, she graduated from Ithaca College. After performing in a few regional repertoire companies, she began working in television and made her film debut in All That Jazz , 1979. She guest starred in the TV series Hill Street Blues, Cagney and Lacey, South Central , and The Cosby Show . She had re…
(1903?69) British physicist: used photographic emulsion to detect new elementary particles. The son of a gunsmith, Powell studied at Cambridge and obtained his PhD there in 1927 for work with on condensation in cloud chambers. In that year he went to Bristol, and spent his career there. Marietta (1894?1970) in Vienna had shown that photographic emulsion is affected not only by light but also by fa…
POWELL, CLIFTON (1947?). Actor. His strong and calming screen presence has made him a highly sought after character actor. His notable film credits include House Party , 1990; Bones , 2001; Civil Brand , 2002; and Ray , 2004. His television appearances include Roc, Martin, In the Heat of the Night, South Central, New York Undercover, NYPD Blue, Moesha, One on One , and Third Watch . Filmography: A…
William Powell gained prominence in New Jersey as a teacher and educational leader prior to attracting the attention of several presidents of the United States who offered Powell opportunities to become an American envoy. Powell, after rejecting two consular assignments, ultimately served as a diplomat to Haiti and the Dominican Republic. William Frank Powell, the son of William and Julia Crawford…
(1932-) J.D. Power and Associates As the founder and chairman of the most prestigious marketing information firm in the world, when J. David Power III (best known as J.D. Power) speaks, businesses and consumers listen. He founded his company, J.D. Power and Associates, in the late 1960s based on the idea that consumers should be given a way to express their opinions about the automobiles for sal…
Definition: Power-rate distortion analysis is important for wireless video communication applications in energy management, resource allocation, and QoS provisioning, especially over wireless video sensor networks. To design an energy-scalable standard video encoder, we take three major steps: Step 1) We group the encoding operations into several modules, such as motion prediction, pre-coding (tra…
Award: CFDA Award, 1993 In 1913 Mario Prada founded Fratelli Prada, a leather-goods company which produced what the Italians call oggetti di lusso , objects of luxury, becoming best known for a very expensive leather travel case fitted with crystal vessels. His granddaughter, Miuccia, inherited the company and reluctantly took it over in 1978, at first conflicted about becoming a designer, regardi…
Prayer is an essential element in the Jewish and Christian religions. Praying is an act of worship and may involve oral or silent recitations of praise, supplication, and thanks to *God. The practice of both public and private prayer is detailed in both the Old and New Testaments and was a subject of frequent commentaries by early Christian and medieval theologians. Figures in prayer occur repeate…
Preaching is oral teaching and exhortation, delivered to a group. Following Jewish customs of directed scriptural reading and interpretation in ? *synagogue services, the early Christian church relied heavily upon preaching to gain converts and to inspire and instruct believers. Jesus directed the *apostles to preach and himself spoke frequently to both large and small audiences . The importance …
Nineteenth-century Egyptologists hindered accurate interpretations of ancient Egyptian dance by imposing their own value systems on the evidence. The lack of clothing in Egyptian dance caused scholars to think of Egyptian dance as lewd, and thus they turned to more seemly subjects for study. These scholars also mistranslated the word "khener"?an Egyptian word meaning ?musical bureau??as ?harem.? T…
PREER, EVELYN (1896?1932). Actress. The Vicksburg, Mississippi, native became a pioneering black actress in race movies and dramatic theater. As an icon in Hollywood and on the Broadway stage, Preer, with her light complexion, was a leading lady who could easily cross over. Her career began in Chicago doing minstrel shows with Charley Johnson?s vaudeville troupe until maverick filmmaker Oscar Mich…
(1869?1930) Austrian chemist: developed microanalysis of organic compounds. Pregl is unusual among Nobel Prize winners in that the award, made to him in 1923, was not for a discovery but ?for modifying and improving existing methods?. He graduated in medicine at Graz and spent his career there, initially as a biochemist working on bile acids. His early work showed him that elemental analysis of or…
(NBC, 2/20/1968, 120 mins). In the first of two telefeature pilots for the ?Columbo? series (1971-78), the wily, rumpled Los Angeles police lieutenant one of TV?s most original fictional personalities plays an engaging cat-and-mouse game with a prominent psychiatrist who thinks he has created the perfect crime in the murder of his wife. Originally staged several years earlier in a coast-to-coast t…
Following Jewish law, the Virgin *Mary and Saint *Joseph brought the infant Jesus (as their firstborn male child) to the Temple in Jerusalem to present him to *God and to offer a sacrifice. The event is described in *Luke 2:22-40 and illustrated in several slightly divergent manners in early Christian and medieval art. The earliest extant representation (fifth-century mosaics at Santa Maria Maggio…
The apocryphal Gospel of the Pseudo-Matthew and Protevangelium of James describe how the Virgin Mary?s parents (Anne and *Joachim) brought her to the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old to dedicate her to *God?s service. Following these accounts, and *Josephus?s descriptions of the fifteen steps of the Temple entrance, the story was elaborated again in the * Golden Legend and illustra…
Born William Everett Preston, September 9, 1946, in Houston, TX; died of kidney failure, June 6, 2006, in Scottsdale, AZ. Musician. With his trademark Afro hairstyle and showstopping virtuosity on the keyboards, Billy Preston was one of the most sought-after guest musicians in rock during the 1960s and ?70s. He recorded and performed with both the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, and contributed an…
The rapidly changing social, economic, and industrial conditions in 1940?1941 created a curious paradox in terms of the actual films and filmmaking of the period. On the one hand, the Hollywood studios enjoyed the benefits of the improving economy, especially in the surging first-run market, and they continued to rely on established star-genre formulas to exploit that market. Indeed, familiar star…
(1733?1804) British chemist: discoverer of gases, including oxygen. After a difficult Yorkshire childhood during which he was orphaned and often ill, Priestley began training as a non-conformist minister and 3 years later (in 1755) was appointed Unitarian minister in a Suffolk village. Later, he taught in schools and was librarian-companion to Lord Shelburne, afterwards Prime Minister. His stutter…
[prigo gee nay] (1917? ) Russian?Belgian theoretical chemist: developed irreversible thermodynamics. Living in Belgium from age 12, Prigogine was educated in Brussels and was a professor there from 1951; he also had posts in the USA. Classical thermodynamics is concerned with reversible processes and, in chemistry, with equilibrium states. In fact such situations are rare in the real world; eg the…
(1823?94) German botanist: made important studies of algae and cell reproduction. Pringsheim?s father wished him to become an industrialist like himself, but the boy was attracted to science. A course in medicine was a compromise, but on graduation he escaped to research in botany. He did little teaching and inherited enough money to follow his interests in his home laboratory in Berlin and his Si…
Definition: A private-key cryptosystem can be obtained using the visual cryptography concepts or perfect-reconstruction based image secret sharing. A (2,2)-scheme is the most popular solution within the (k,n) framework due to its common acceptance as a private-key cryptosystem Such a cryptographic solution encrypts the secret image into two noise-like shares. One of the two generated shares can be…
(NBC, 2/21/1972, 120 mins). In this chase thriller, the pilot for the TV series ?Search? (1972-73), a space age detective, monitored and directed by mission control center, investigates the disappearance of a fabulous gem collection. Hugh O?Brian, Burgess Meredith and Angel Tompkins continued in the short lived series and were joined by Tony Franciosa and Doug McClure. Subsequently cut to 90 minut…
(1862-1934) Procter & Gamble William Cooper Procter spent his entire professional life with Procter and Gamble, the soap and household products company founded by his grandfather. Over the course of a half-century from 1883 to his death in 1934, Procter worked to improve conditions for workers, transforming his company from a hotbed of union dissent to a leading example of outstanding employee-m…
(1933-) Proctor Communications Network Barbara Gardner Proctor rose from dire poverty to the head of the second-largest African American-owned advertising business in America. Her fearlessness and determination in the path of obstacles originated from her own harsh beginnings. She was unique in the advertising industry for using her values to guide her work, and she was not afraid to turn away a…
T he proliferation of nickelodeon theaters created a huge demand for films and film equipment. Projector sales boomed for the chief hardware manufacturers: Edison (projecting kinetoscope), Lubin (cineograph), Selig (polyscope), Nicholas Power (cameragraph), the Enterprise Optical Company (optigraph), and Charles Dressier (American projectograph). Vitagraph meanwhile ceased manufacturing its projec…
The following analysis classifies the class-A feature films of the major Hollywood studios into six broad production trends: (1) prestige pictures; (2) musicals; (3) the woman?s film; (4) comedy; (5) social problem films; and (6) horror films. The names given to the production trends are those used in the trade; the arrangement of the trends reflects a hierarchical ranking based on relative produc…
MICHAEL R. PERES Rochester Institute of Technology The use of silver halide photography en masse arguably began in the late 1800s, when the equipment and materials required to make pictures became more accessible and common. Film photography had its largest number of users at the end of the 20th century. Around the year 2000, digital photography began to seriously displace film as the primary te…
Definition: Progressive Forest Split is an efficient encoding technique for a simple polygon; it groups the decimations into a batch to achieve a high compression ratio. PFS (Progressive Forest Split) is much more efficient in encoding at the expense of looser granularity. Similar to CPM , it groups the decimations into a batch to achieve a high compression ratio. PFS cuts the mesh through the for…
T he idea of adapting Edison?s moving pictures to the magic lantern or stereopticon was so simple and straightforward that it undoubtedly occurred to hundreds, probably thousands, of people who peered into the kinetoscope. Fewer individuals, but still a surprisingly large number, tried to turn this idea into a reality. Projecting machines were invented independently and more or less simultaneously…
BOB ROSE VMI, Inc. Ever since humans first looked at and recognized shadows, we have been interested in projected images. Early in the prehistory of moving-image photography, there was a fascination with the process of image projection. The magic lantern was invented by Athanasius Kircher in about 1640. In his book Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae , first published in 1645, Kircher outlines the principl…
Principal social themes: environmental issues, abortion Paramount. PG rating. Featuring: Robert Foxworth, Talia Shire, Armand Assante, Richard Dysart, Victoria Racimo, George Clutesi, Evan Evans, Lyvingston Holmes, Tom McFadden, Charles H. Gray, Burke Byrnes, Mia Bendixsen, Johnny Timko, Graham Jarvis. Written by David Selzer based on his novel. Cinematography by Harry Stradling Jr. Edited by Tom …
Prophets are those who reveal *God?s word to humans or speak about the future. The term refers to numerous divinely inspired Old Testament Page?205? figures who conveyed God?s will by their words or actions and whose deeds (if not, in all cases, purported writings) are contained in the biblical books named after them. The Four Major Prophets (longest books) are *Isaiah, *Jeremiah, *Ezekiel, and *D…
Ahmet M. Eskicioglu Department of Computer and Information Science Brooklyn College of the City University of New York Definition: Multimedia data needs to be protected from unauthorized duplication and consumption, from unauthorized disclosure and misuse, and from unauthorized use and exploitation. Multimedia can be defined as a combination of different types of media (e.g., text, images, aud…
[proost] (1754?1826) French analytical chemist: defender of the law of constant proportions. Proust followed his father in becoming an apothecary in Paris, but in his 30s he moved to Spain. From 1789 he taught in Madrid, but his well-equipped laboratory was pillaged by Napoleon?s troops during the siege of Madrid in 1808 and he returned to France. Proust was a skilled and prolific analyst. He oppo…
[prowt] (1785?1850) British physician and chemist: proposed that the hydrogen atom is ?primary matter?. Like many chemists of his time, Prout was trained in medicine and, like most English physicians of his century, he studied in Scotland, qualifying at Edinburgh in 1811. He began his medical practice in London, and from 1813 he also researched and gave lectures on ?animal chemistry?. He is best k…
Prudentius was a Spanish lawyer, hymn writer, and poet, whose works include several influential collections, for example, the Peristephanon (hymns to Spanish and Italian martyrs), the Cathemerinon (hymns for daily use), several poems on theological subjects, and the Psychomachia , an allegorial poem describing the conflict of *virtues and *vices. The interior battle of good and evil in the human *…
(1942?) US biochemist: discoverer of prions, a new biological principle of infection. Prusiner attended the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, spent a year at the Wenner-Gren Institute in Stockholm and thereafter moved to the University of California at San Francisco. While Prusiner was working in the Department of Neurology a patient of his died from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)…
Richard Pryor transcended the turmoil of his personal life to become one of the greatest comedians and performers in the history of American entertainment. Although he achieved great fame, success, and wealth, Pryor challenged conventions and generated controversy with his daring use of language and subject matter considered off-limits for the general public. Pryor also suffered the consequences o…
PRYOR, RICHARD (1940?2005). Comedian, actor, director. Born Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor III, in Peoria, Illinois, he discovered his knack for comedy in the 6th grade. A real cut-up in class, his teacher would give him time at the end of class to act up and entertain in exchange for good behavior the rest of the time. Following a two-year stint in the U. S. Army, he began his career as a s…
At least five men during the Fifth Dynasty bearing the name Ptahhotep served as prime minister. They were probably related, but the relationships among these men are unclear. Somehow, the name of these viziers was associated with an important teaching, The Teachings of Ptahhotep , composed in the Twelfth Dynasty (1938?1759 B.C.E. ), approximately 600 years later. Though most Egyptian literature is…
Clausius Ptolemaeus ( Lat ) [tol uhmee] c .90?170) Egyptian?Greek astronomer: wrote classic summary of Greek astronomy, geography and optics. Little is known of Ptolemy?s life or original work. He was probably born in Egypt, and became Hellenized; he should not be confused with the kings of Egypt of the same name. His fame lies in his four books, which summarize 500 years of Greek astronomical ide…
Definition: The purpose of a key in encryption systems is to ensure privacy by keeping information hidden from whom it is not intended. There are two types of encryption systems: secret-key and public-key systems. Encryption is the transformation of data, the plaintext, into a form that is as close to impossible as possible to read, the ciphetext, without the appropriate knowledge (a key). Its pur…
B. November 20, 1914 D. November 29, 1992 Birthplace: Naples, Italy Awards: Nieman-Marcus Award, 1954, 1967 ???????? Sports Illustrated Award, 1955, 1961 ???????? Burdine Fashion Award, 1955 ???????? Sunday Times Award, London, 1963 ???????? Association of Industrial Design Award, Milan, 1968 ???????? Drexel University Award, 1975 ???????? Italy-Austria Award, 1977 ???????? Knighthoo…
Born Theodore Thomas Puckowitz, September 24, 1916, in Chicago, IL; died of complications from a fall, November 6, 2005, in Denver, CO. Biologist. Genetics researcher Theodore Puck spent 60 years in the laboratory studying human cells, chromosomes, and mutations. In the late 1940s, he undertook the study of human-cell growth and developed innovative incubating techniques for growing cells in petri…
(1949-) Wolfgang Puck Food Company Wolfgang Puck spent nearly two decades developing and refining his uniquely prestigious culinary crafts in some of the most acclaimed kitchens in Europe. After emigrating to the United States in the mid-1970s, he brought not only his highly regarded talent to Indianapolis and later southern California, but his zestfully overriding drive to excel as well. Still …
Born March 14, 1960, in Chicago, IL; died of a stroke, March 6, 2006, in Phoenix, AZ. Professional baseball player. Kirby Puckett, a member of baseball?s Hall of Fame, was one of the most popular, all-around talented players of the 1980s and 1990s. In Minnesota, where he played his entire major-league career for the Twins, he may be the most popular athlete ever. The center fielder led his team no…
Pugs were originally bred as lap dogs for Chinese emperors. The popularity of pugs soon spread to Tibet, Japan, and Europe. Pugs were first imported in the late 16th century by merchants. The Pug became the ?official dog? of the House of Orange in 1572, after a Pug saved the Prince of Orange?s life by alerting him to an assassin. When Wiliam III and Mary II left to take the throne of England, they…
(1847-1911) Pulitzer Prize The modern newspaper was virtually created by Joseph Pulitzer during the latter half of the nineteenth century. It was a newspaper that seemed to meet the needs of the modern industrial world. With headlines, sensationalism with social conscience, a sports page, a business page, and the comic strips, it was a paper the average man could take to work with him to learn a…
Principal social themes: censorship, suicide/depression, homosexuality, education/literacy New Line Cinema. R rating. Featuring: Christian Slater, Annie Ross, Robert Schenkkan, Ellen Greene, Samantha Mathis, Scott Paulin, Cheryl Pollak, Mimi Kennedy, Lala Sloatman. Written by Roy Huggins. Cinematography by Walt Lloyd. Edited by Janice Hampton and Larry Bock. Music by Cliff Martinez. Produced by Ru…
(NBC, 11/26/1974, 90 mins). A circus grifter finds his life suddenly complicated by the arrival of the teenage daughter he never knew about. This pilot for a prospective series for Ford also included in its cast Ford?s new wife, Cynthia Hayward, as well as his son Peter from his earlier marriage to Eleanor Powell. Production Companies Dick Berg-Stonehenge Productions, Metromedia Producers Corp. Di…
[per sel ] (1912?97) US physicist: developed nuclear magnetic resonance; and first detected the interstellar 21 cm microwave emission. Purcell graduated from Purdue in electrical engineering and then studied physics at Karlsruhe and at Harvard, where he taught from 1938. During 1941?5 he worked on the development of microwave radar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, returning to Harvard as …
[poor kinyay] (1787?1869) Czech histologist and physiologist: advanced cell theory and observed cellular division. Educated by monks, Purkinje first trained for the priesthood; then he studied philosophy, and lastly medicine. He graduated in 1818, with a famous thesis on vision which gained him the friendship of Goethe, the poet-philosopher. Helped by this, he became professor at Breslau and later…
(ABC, 12/12/1972, 90 mins). A government agent (Ben Gazzara) tries to keep an extremist from decimating with stolen nerve gas a city where a political convention is underway in this suspense thriller that marked the directorial debut of surgeon-turned novelist Michael Crichton, based on the 1972 novel ?Binary,? that he wrote under the name John Lange. Production Company ABC Circle Films. Director …
Aphysician, educator, and community leader, Charles Burleigh Purvis was ahead of his time in several ways. He was one of eight black surgeons in the Union Army during the Civil War and was the first African American on the faculty of a U.S. medical college. He became the surgeon-in-charge at Freedmen?s Hospital and provided medical services to the black community of Washington D.C. 1842 Born in Ph…
Bertha Haven Putnam was born in New York City in 1872 to George Haven Putnam, head of the publishing firm of G. P. Putnam?s Sons, and Rebecca (Shepard) Putnam. She attended Miss Audobon?s School and Miss Gibbon?s School, both in New York City. She received a B.A. from Bryn Mawr College in 1893 and taught Latin there until she returned to New York after her mother?s death. After her father remarrie…
George Puttenham has been accepted as the author of the important Elizabethan critical work The Arte of English Poesie , since the 1936 edition of Willcock and Walker. Until then, opinion tended to view Puttenham?s elder brother Richard as author. Both brothers led relatively insignificant lives, though at times each became embroiled in legal controversies. The Puttenhams were landowning gentry fr…
The pyramid is the most widely known Egyptian architectural structure. Yet the pyramid itself is only part of a much larger complex. Egyptian kings built pyramid complexes during a distinct time period. During the Old and Middle Kingdoms (2675?1630 B.C.E.) most, but not all, kings built pyramids as tombs. There are approximately 47 pyramid complexes that Egyptologists have identified from this per…
The pyramid is the most widely known Egyptian architectural structure. Yet the pyramid itself is only part of a much larger complex. Egyptian kings built pyramid complexes during a distinct time period. During the Old and Middle Kingdoms (2675?1630 B.C.E. ) most, but not all, kings built pyramids as tombs. There are approximately 47 pyramid complexes that Egyptologists have identified from this pe…
[piy tha goruhs] ( c .560?480 BC ) Greek mathematician, astronomer and mystic: founder of a cult united by the belief that ?the essence of all things is number?. Although his name is so familiar, rather little is known of Pythagoras?s personal life. Born on the Greek island of Samos in the eastern Mediterranean, he travelled widely before settling about 530 BC at Croton, then a Greek colony, in s…
(ABC, 4/29/1974 and 4/30/1974, 2 Parts, 6 1/2 hours). An absorbing six-hour-plus adaptation of Leon Uris? best-selling 1970 novel telling the story of two successful men, an American writer and a Polish doctor, whose careers lead to a confrontation in a London courtroom when the former accuses the latter of having performed illegal operations in a Nazi prison camp years earlier and is sued for lib…
Definition: At the network level, the QoS offered to a video transmission can be evaluated by monitoring network performance parameters, such as delay, jitter, and packet loss rate. The capacity of measuring the Quality of Service (QoS) of a video communication becomes increasingly important because of the growing interest in video delivery over unreliable channels, such as wireless networks and t…
Abdulmotaleb El Saddik School of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Definition: Multimedia applications must adjust their QoS according to the heterogeneous terminals with variable QoS requirements and support During the last decade, the multitude of advances attained in terminal computers, along withthe introduction of mobile hand-held devices, and th…
B. 1934 Birthplace: London, England Awards: Woman of the Year, London, 1963 ???????? Sunday Times International Fashion Award, London, 1963 ???????? O.B.E. Order of the British Empire, 1966 ???????? British Fashion Council Hall of Fame Award, 1990 Booby traps and bacon savers ? bras and panty hose, that is, for those who were not around when the designer of the 1960s, Mary Quant, started a f…
Definition: Quantization is a technique used in lossy image and video compression algorithms based on DCT, DFT, or DWT. Quantization can be modeled as where q is a constant quantization step size, and [ x +0.5] rounds x to the nearest integer x q . Dequantization can be modeled as: where x? is the regenerated integer, which is normally not equal to X . Therefore the quantization process is lossy. …
Daughter of a king and herself one of the longest reigning monarchs of England, Queen Elizabeth?s life is well documented, recorded not only in her own speeches and letters but in the writings of contemporaries who chronicled her life even before its end. Yet even as documentation of events exists, little evidence of Elizabeth?s personal passions remains, and the desire to construct private emotio…
QUEEN LATIFAH (1970?). Rapper, actress, producer. She was born Dana Elaine Owens in Newark, New Jersey, and has been called the ?First Lady of Rap.? She began her entertainment career with the all-female rap group Ladies Fresh, and recorded the single ?Wrath of My Madness.? Taking on her stage name of Queen Latifah (Arabic for delicate and sensitive), her debut album was All Hail the Queen , which…
The Queen of Sheba?s visit to King *Solomon in Jerusalem is described in 1 Kings 10:1-13. The text explains that she had learned of Solomon?s fame and came to ?test him with hard questions.? She arrived with an elaborate retinue, was extremely impressed with Solomon?s prosperity and *wisdom, engaged in extensive conversation with him, and departed after praising him and giving him many lavish gift…
(CBS, 2/13/1975, 120 mins). A striking, Emmy Award-winning drama with music about a suddenly widowed housewife who finds that her acute problems are loneliness and the well-meaning attempts at comfort by her family and friends. She discovers a new life and companionship at a local ballroom where she meets a married mailman who becomes her regular dance partner and tender friend. Both Maureen Stapl…
[rayohm?r] (1683?1757) French technologist and naturalist: pioneer entomologist. A member of the lesser nobility, R?aumur was probably educated by the Jesuits before studying law; but soon he was attracted to mathematics and then to metallurgy and biology. From 1713, he had the huge task of compiling an encyclopedia of technology, commissioned by Colbert (Louis XIV?s finance minister) and intended…
[ roent gen] (1845?1923) German experimental physicist: discoverer of X-rays. Originally a student of engineering at Z?rich Polytechnic, R?ntgen was attracted to physics, which he studied and later taught in several German universities. He was professor of physics in W?rzburg when he made his famous discovery, in 1895. While using a discharge tube (in which an electric discharge is passed through …
B. February 18, 1934 Birthplace: San Sebasti?n, Spain Awards: Beauty Products Industry Award, 1969 ???????? Fragrance Foundation Recognition Award, 1974 ???????? L?Aiguille d?Or Award, 1977 ???????? D? d?Or Award (Golden Thimble), 1990 ???????? Chevalier de la L?gion d?Honneur, 1989 ???????? Officier del Ordre d?Isabelle la Catholique, 1989 Paco Rabanne?s education in architecture at the…
(1898?1988) Austrian?US physicist: developed molecular beam experiments. Rabi grew up in the Yiddish community of New York, studying at Cornell and Columbia Universities. He obtained a professorship at Columbia in 1937 and remained there until retirement. During a brief period (1927?9) working with , Rabi was greatly impressed by the recent Stern?Gerlach experiment. Starting a research programme a…
Born Daniel Jacob Radcliffe, July 23, 1989, in Fulham, England; son of Alan Radcliffe (a literary agent) and Marcia Gresham (a casting agent). Addresses: Contact ?ICM, 4-6 Soho Square, London, W1D 3PZ, England. Home ?London, England. Actor in films, including: The Tailor of Panama , 2001; Harry Potter and the Sorcerer?s Stone , 2001; Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , 2002; Harry Potter and…
(NBC, 1/9/1977, 180 mins). This was the second star-laden three-hour dramatization of the Israeli rescue of plane-bound hostages taken during a Palestinian hijacking on July 4, 1976. Cinematographer Bill Butler won an Emmy Award for his work. Others nominated were Peter Finch (his last screen role), Martin Balsam and Yaphet Kotto, director Irvin Kershner, writer Barry Beckerman, composer David Shi…
(NBC, 11/6/1978, 120 mins). A musical drama tracing the life of a young Judy Garland (ages 10 to 17) during her rise from struggling vaudeville performer to the star of ?The Wizard of Oz,? with Andrea McArdle, Broadway?s original ?Annie,? in the lead. Onetime actor Jackie Cooper, who was a teenage boyfriend of Garland, directed. Based on the 1975 book by Christopher Finch. Cinematographer Howard R…
After law school, Raines took a position as an associate attorney for the Washington law firm of Preston, Thorgrimson, Ellis, Holman & Fletcher. Outside his law practice, he participated in a number of civic activities in the Seattle community that gained him public exposure. As expected he was invited to run for public office. He declined the offer, instead accepting a position with the Carter ad…
Born a slave in Georgetown, South Carolina, on June 21, 1832, Joseph Hayne Rainey was able with his father?s help to attain his freedom. Rainey grew up to become a Reconstruction congressman during the forty-first, forty-second, forty-third, forty-fourth and forty-fifth Congresses. He was the first African American to be seated in the United States House of Representatives. Other African Americans…
(1917?86) US physicist: unified two theoretical models of the atomic nucleus. After studying at the California Institute of Technology, Rainwater went to Columbia University, and remained there to become professor of physics in 1952. During the war he contributed to the Manhattan (atomic bomb) Project. In 1950, two theories were available to describe the atomic nucleus and each was in accord with …
(1855?1945) British geologist; one of the first professional women geologists. Catherine Raisin went to the North London Collegiate School, one of the earliest schools to provide serious education for girls. In 1878 the University of London opened its degree course to women and she took her BSc with honours in geology and zoology in 1884. She remained there as honorary research assistant to Profes…
One of the three episodes in the Gospels where Jesus brings a dead person back to life, the raising of Jairus?s daughter follows the account of Jesus? healing of the Woman with an Issue of Blood whom he had encountered while on his way to Jairus?s home. Jairus had summoned Jesus to his daughter?s deathbed, but she was already dead when Jesus arrived. Jesus took her hand and told her to arise. The …
One of the most frequently represented subjects in art from the early Christian period onward, the *miracle of Jesus bringing Lazarus back to life is recounted in the Gospel of *John . As a manifestation of *Christ?s power over *death, a sign prefiguring his own *Resurrection and the *Resurrection of the Dead at the *Last Judgment, the event assumed a prominent position in early Christian sepulchr…
The Gospels contain few details about the actual process or stages involved with the *Crucifixion of Jesus, although various preparatory episodes are illustrated in art. Byzantine Psalters of the ninth century, illustrating Psalm 22, include scenes of Jesus being nailed to the *cross as well as the soldiers casting lots for his garments (also mentioned in *Matthew 27: 35) fulfilling the Psalm vers…
Sir Walter Ralegh, a courtier, explorer, planter, and prisoner who also wrote, was born at Hayes, Devonshire (1552?), the youngest son of Walter and Katherine Champernowne Ralegh. While his extended family connections (Ralegh, Champernown, Drake, Carew) no doubt opened doors for him, his rise to power and his subsequent fall were of his own making. After spending his teen years in France fighting …
Ralph Lauren was born as Ralph Lifshitz in The Bronx to Jewish immigrant parents. His father painted houses. Though Lauren grew up without fashion, he would go on to create it for the wealthy. From a young age, Lauren had an affinity for fashion. He began to work after school to earn money to buy pricey suits. His attention to trends made him well known among his peers. Ralph Lauren graduated in 1…
RALPH, SHERYL LEE (1956?). Actress, singer. She was born in Waterbury, Connecticut, although her parents were from Jamaica. She won a scholarship to Rutgers University and earned a degree in English literature and theater. She earned a Tony nomination for her role as Deena Jones in the Broadway musical Dreamgirls , and quickly moved to television with guest starring roles in The Jeffersons, Hunter…
[ra mon ee ka khal ] (1852?1934) Spanish neurohistologist: a founder of modern neurology. After doing well at school, Ram?n y Cajal was apprenticed to a barber, then to a shoemaker, and lastly followed his father (at the latter?s insistence) in studying medicine. He began to practise in 1873, and then served in the army in Cuba. From 1884 he was a professor in Spain, at Madrid from 1892?1922. He w…
[rah man] (1888?1970) Indian physicist: showed that light scattered by molecules will show lower and higher frequency components (the Raman effect). Raman gained a distinguished first class honours degree from Madras, but the lack of scientific opportunities in India prevented him then starting a career as a physicist. Instead he worked as an auditor in the Indian Civil Service for 10 years, conti…
Born Stella Rosemary Rubin, August 23, 1917, in Detroit, MI; died of complications from Alzheimer?s disease, September 8, 2006, in Bethesda, MD. Endocrinologist. Estelle R. Ramey, an endocrinologist, was best known for her public challenges to society?s myths about the physiological?especially hormonal?differences between the genders as they relate to political and social roles. In 1970, she came …
Susan Elizabeth Ramirez was born on October 11, 1946, in Toledo, Ohio, of Mexican, Irish, and German ancestry. Her immigrant father, Eduardo Ramirez, sold and repaired typewriters, and her mother, Helen McCartney Ramirez, was a full-time homemaker. In addition to scouting and the YMCA, her parents provided a great influence on her young life. Susan attended elementary school and high school in Chi…
(1852?1916) British chemist: discovered the noble gases, a new group of elements. Ramsay was proud of the fact that his ancestors included several scientists, and he moved easily into science at Glasgow and then into chemistry with Fittig at T?bingen. In 1880, at Bristol, he began to make exact measurements of gas densities, and became an expert glassblower. In 1887 he moved to London and in 1894 …
(1915? ) US physicist: developed the caesium clock, and the hydrogen maser. Educated at Columbia New York and Harvard, Ramsey became an associate professor of physics at Harvard in 1947. He received a share of the Nobel Prize for physics in 1989 for inventing a technique which greatly improved the accuracy of caesium atomic clocks, our current time standard. He also developed its application in th…
William Rand opened a printing shop in 1856 in Chicago. Two years later, he hired Andrew McNally, an Irish immigrant who had just recently arrived in America, to work in his shop. The shop did very well, its biggest business coming from the Chicago Tribune. In 1859, Rand and McNally were tapped to run the entire printing system of the Chicago Tribune. In 1868, Rand McNally and Company was establis…
Alonzo J. Ransier was one of twenty African Americans elected to the U.S. House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era. Ransier represented his South Carolina district in Washington between 1873 and 1875, where he spoke eloquently on the House floor in favor of federal civil rights legislation. Alonzo Jacob Ransier was born on January 3, 1834, in Charleston, South Carolina, as a free bla…
(NBC, 3/1/1971, 120 mins). A clever lady lawyer hatches an intricate plan to do away with her wealthy husband for his fortune and then finds herself parrying with rumpled but wily homicide detective Lieutenant Columbo, who would go on to have a long-running TV series (1971-78). Lee Grant received an Emmy nomination for her performance. Production Company Universal Television. Director Richard Irvi…
[rah-oo] (1830?1901) French physical chemist: pioneer of solution chemistry. Little is known of Raoult?s early life, but his family was poor and although he began to study in Paris he could not afford to complete his course. He worked as a teacher, and began his research in physical chemistry in difficult circumstances, but this allowed him to gain a degree from Paris, in 1863. From 1867 he taught…
John H. Rapier Jr., frustrated by the racial climate in the United States, pursued professional opportunities in the Caribbean. However, he returned to the United States to complete a medical degree and became one of the first acting assistant surgeons at the Freedman?s Hospital in Washington, D.C. Rapier was born on July 28, 1835, one of four sons. Around 1831, John Rapier Sr., a barber, married …
Born Louis Allen Rawls, December 1, 1933, in Chicago, IL; died of lung and brain cancer, January 6, 2006, in Los Angeles, CA. Singer. Grammy Award-winning singer Lou Rawls had a smooth singing style and four-octave range which he used to explore many musical genres, including gospel, jazz, rhythm & blues (R&B), soul, and pop. He recorded around 75 albums, sold 40 to 50 million records, and perform…
Evelyn Rawski was born on February 2, 1939, in Honolulu, Hawaii, of Japanese-American ancestry. Her mother was a registered nurse, her father an accountant. She attended Kapalama Elementary School, R. L. Stevenson Junior High School, and Roosevelt High School, all in Hawaii. Rawski then attended Cornell University, graduating in 1961 with a bachelor?s degree, with high honors, in economics. Inspir…
Charles B. Ray was born a free man but devoted most of his life to the antislavery movement and to the advancement of the African American race. During the nineteenth century, Ray endeavored to uplift his race by working as an integrationist at Wesleyan University, an abolitionist, an editor, and a preacher. Ray was born December 25, 1807 in Falmouth, Massachusetts, to Joseph Aspinwall Ray, a mail…
(1627?1705) English naturalist: pioneer of plant taxonomy. Ray?s father was the village blacksmith and his mother a herbalist at Black Notley in Essex; the boy went to Cambridge at 16 and taught classics there after his graduation. His university career was ended after the Civil War when he refused to conform to new laws on religious observance. He was already a keen naturalist, and from 1662 he w…
Born Rachael Domenica Ray, August 25, 1968, in Cape Cod, MA; daughter of Jim Ray (a publisher) and Elsa Scuderi (a restaurateur); married John Cusimano (an attorney), September 24, 2005. Addresses: Agent ?William Morris Agency, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019. Contact ?King World Productions, 1700 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Home ?Greenwich Village, NYC. Office ?The Food Network,…
[ray lee] (1842?1919) British physicist: did classic work on sound, light and electricity. Rayleigh had high ability as a mathematician, which he found useful in the unusually wide range of problems in physics which attracted him, and he was a skilful experimenter. When his father died in 1873 Rayleigh inherited the title, and continued to work in his laboratory in the family mansion, Terling Plac…
Bernice Johnson Reagon, perhaps best known for her work with the performance group Sweet Honey in the Rock, is also a historian, writer, curator emeritus, and civil rights activist. Born on October 4, 1942, outside of Albany, Georgia, of African-American heritage, Reagon is the daughter of the Reverend Jessie Johnson and Beatrice Wise Johnson. At an early age Bernice?s church singing brought her a…
Wenjun Zeng University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Junqiang Lan Harmonic, Inc., NY Design Center, NY, USA Definition: Real-time multimedia refers to applications in which multimedia data has to be delivered and rendered in real time; it can be broadly classified into interactive multimedia and streaming media. Multimedia is a term that describes multiple forms of information, including audi…
Definition: Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a protocol designed for providing end-to- end network transport functions suitable for applications transmitting real-time data, such as audio and video over multicast or unicast network services. RTP provides services including payload type identification, sequence numbering, time-stamping and delivery monitoring (with RTCP). The sequence numbers …
Harry Agius, Chris Crockfor, and Arthur G. Money Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK Definition: Real-world multimedia systems can be defined as systems that utilize real-world data to support the querying and retrieval of multimedia content. Multimedia systems have always been at the heart of technical convergence, fusing video and audio with text, images and graphics. However, increased and cheape…
In 1996, J. Paul Reason?s outstanding naval career peaked when he became the Commander in Chief of the Atlantic Fleet in the United States Navy. He concentrated on using computers and technology to update ships and enhancing his sailors? and staff?s quality of life. His success was based in part on pursing excellence with honesty and integrity, and having a supportive family, especially his parent…
Engraver, lithographer, abolitionist, and fraternal order leader were roles Patrick Henry Reason filled during the 1800s. His artistic pieces often depicted the brutality of slavery. As an African American, he expressed his frustration regarding the oppression of slaves through his art. He became well known to the public and was listed within several documents for his creative designs. Reason was …
[ray ber] (1911?2003) US radio astronomer: discovered first discrete radio sources in Milky Way. Reber was a radio ham before he studied the subject at the Illinois Institute of Technology and so became a formally qualified radio engineer. Stimulated by the discovery by of radio emission from the Milky Way, Reber built a steerable 30 ft (9.3 m) parabolic radio antenna in 1937 in his back yard and …
Definition: Recording a teleconferencing session consists of recording everything that transpires in that session, including audio, video, and application sharing. Temporal relation between events and media must be preserved for the accurate reconstruction of the session. The ability to record a teleconferencing session is an important requirement for many applications. In many cases, it is necess…
CBS, 5/18/1977, 120 mins). A suspense thriller about an accident at a nuclear power plant in which a mysterious breakdown causes a giant computer to erroneously detect escaped radiation and seal off the building, trapping 14 technicians inside. Adapted from the 1974 novel ?Paradigm Red? by Harold King. Production Companies The Jozak Company, Paramount Network Television. Director William Hale. Exe…
The first African American lawyer in Delaware, Louis L. Redding seized the opportunity to change the legal principles that embraced racial segregation in his state and beyond. Through his efforts, in 1950 the University of Delaware broke down its racial barriers and admitted black students. Two years later he was successful in desegregating the public schools of Delaware. The case had national sig…
(1923-) Viacom Inc. Entertainment industry leader Sumner Redstone is known for his bold personality and fiercely competitive business style. As chairman and CEO of Viacom Inc., the Boston-born, Harvard-trained executive oversees an empire that includes MTV and Blockbuster Video. Though he admittedly shuns the limelight and perhaps is not as famous as other Hollywood studio heads, Redstone is kno…
(1851?1902) US epidemiologist; established the cause of yellow fever. Reed trained in medicine in the University of Virginia and in New York, joined the US Army Medical Corps in 1875 and served in a series of frontier posts before specializing in bacteriology in the 1890s. In 1900 he was appointed to lead a small commission to study yellow fever, based in Cuba. Yellow fever has a dramatic history;…
REESE, DELLA (1931?). Actress, singer, comedian. She began singing when she was six years old and left her hometown of Detroit, Michigan, as a teenager and toured with famed gospel singer Mahalia Jackson. Reese later sang with the Erskine Hawkins Orchestra and began recording her own records. She was the first to take gospel into the casinos of Las Vegas and was nominated for a Grammy award as Bes…
[renyoh] (1810?78) French physical chemist: made experimental contributions to study of thermal properties of gases. Regnault?s father was an officer in Napoleon?s army and died in 1812 in the Russian campaign; the boy was soon orphaned, but a friend of his father found him a job in a Paris shop. He worked hard for entrance to the ?cole Polytechnique, graduated and became first assistant and then …
Regulating morality and politics on the screen was as critical from 1939 to 1945, during. a period of international crisis, as at any time in American film history. While the Production Code Administration (PCA) patrolled moral barricades, major issues arose about the movies? content and their politics. After the PCA tried to eviscerate films against fascism from 1939 through 1941, the U.S. govern…
Born Kathleen Joan Toelle, July 7, 1948, in Chicago, Illinois; married Paul Reichs (an attorney), 1968; children: two daughters, one son. Education : American University, undergraduate degree; Northwestern University, Ph.D. Addresses: Office ?Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28213. Professor of anthropology, University of North Carolina at Charlo…
REID, DAPHNE MAXWELL (1948?). Actress, producer. As cofounder of New Millennium Studios with her husband, Tim Reid, she is mostly recognized as Aunt Viv on NBC?s The Fresh Prince of Bel Air . Born and raised in New York City, she majored in interior design and architecture at Northwestern University, and later signed a modeling contract with the Eileen Ford Agency and became the first African Amer…
(1859?1944) US geophysicist: proposed elastic rebound theory of earthquakes. Reid has been claimed to be the first American geophysicist. His mother was the great-niece of George Washington, and his prosperous parents took Reid as a child to Switzerland. There began his love for mountains and glaciers. He graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1876 in physics and mathematics, and returned ther…
REID, TIM (1944?). Actor, writer, producer, director. A native of Norfolk, Virginia, Reid received his B.S. degree in business/marketing in 1968 from Norfolk State University. After working in the marketing department at DuPont, Reid began to write comedy and decided to venture into show business. After tours with such comedians as Tom Dreesen and Della Reese, he landed in Hollywood and began to w…
(1936-) Chicago White Sox and Chicago Bulls Jerry Reinsdorf, owner of the Chicago White Sox baseball team and the Chicago Bulls basketball team, is often called the most powerful figure in professional sports. His strong business sense and financial expertise rewarded him with a net worth estimated between $60 and $90 million. As the prototype of the team owner of the future, he treats his teams…
(CBS, 9/14/1977, 90 mins). A taciturn Arizona state trooper pits his Indian skills against modern military combat tactics as he pursues a band of bank robbers who have pulled off a combat-style heist, killed his doting uncle and taken a ranch woman hostage while withdrawing into the snowy mountains. Based on Brian Garfield?s 1972 novel. Production Company CBS Productions. Director Lee H. Katzin. P…
Although there are considerations of many of the world?s religions in modern drama, by far the religion most commonly referred to has been Christianity. However, the way in which this one religion has been approached is multifaceted. While some playwrights choose to examine theological differences and social relationships between alternative branches of Christianity, others are more interested in …
NICHOLAS M. SHORT, PH.D. NASA DAVID MALIN Anglo-Australian Observatory, RMIT University DONALD L. LIGHT Airborne and Space Systems for Mapping and Remote Sensing Remote sensing may be broadly defined as the collection of data which leads to the observing of objects, area, or phenomenon, without human physical contact. In this section data that can be viewed as images will be emphasized, but t…
Born Ruth Barbara Grasemann, February 17, 1930, in London, England; daughter of Arthur (a teacher) and Ebba Elise (a teacher; maiden name, Kruse) Grasemann; married Donald John Rendell, 1950 (divorced, 1975; remarried, 1977; died, 1999); children: Simon. Addresses: Agent ?Sterling Lord Agency, 660 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10021. Contact ?11 Maida Ave., Little Venice, London W2 1SR United Kingdom…
(CBS, 7/11/1979, 120 mins). ?Love Boat? transposed to a posh resort hotel best describes this prospective pilot to a comedy series that ultimately never saw the light of night. The hotel, run by a madcap family headed by Bill Daily (long one of the second bananas on ?The Bob Newhart Show?) and Jeff J. Redford as his somewhat scatterbrained nephew, caters to assorted unpredictable guests availing t…
(NBC, 10/14/1978 and 10/21/1978, 2 Parts, 60 mins each). The gang from the 1964-67 ?Gilligan?s Island? series finds its way off the island after 14 years, being carried back to civilization by a giant tidal wave. The castaways (the six original members and Judith Baldwin, replacing Tina Louise) go their separate ways and try to cope with a faster-paced society while Gilligan himself finds that he …
Following the *Crucifixion and *Entombment, the body of *Christ remained in the tomb for three days before he rose from the dead (returned to earth after the *Anastasis) and made various appearances to the disciples before his *Ascension. The Gospels do not describe the actual process of Christ?s Resurrection but rather concentrate upon the discovery of the empty tomband Christ?s post-resurrection…
The belief that the dead will rise is a central concept in both Christianity and late Judaism, the meanings and specifics of which were frequently discussed by numerous commentators. Connected, for *Jews, with the vindication of the good over the wicked and for Christians, with the Second Coming of *Christ, representations of the dead bodily rising up from their graves appear especially in scenes …
(ABC, 1/29/1967, 120 mins). An aging gunman (played by former screen matinee idol Robert Taylor) and a wounded saddle tramp (Chad Everett) team up to help a Mexican girl avenge the death of her parents, who were murdered for their land. Production Companies King Brothers, MGM Television. Director James Neilson. Producers Frank King, Maurice King. Teleplay Robert Buckner. Based on a story by Burt K…
(ABC, 5/14/1976, 90 mins). The true story of Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin ?Buzz? Aldrin (played by Cliff Robertson) who, two years after his historic moon landing in 1969, had a breakdown, was hospitalized for psychiatric treatment, and subsequently lost his wife and children. Based on Aldrin?s 1973 autobiography, written with Wayne Warga. Production Company King-Hitzig Productions. Director Jud Tayl…
(ABC, 1/20/1978, 120 mins). This second feature length pilot for the hit series that began in January 1978 offered more dreams fulfilled for six lucky people on a plush island resort. Originally it was to have been titled simply ?Fantasy Island II? and had been scheduled to premiere two months earlier. Production Company Spelling Goldberg Productions. Director George McCowan. Executive Producers A…
(ABC, 4/29/1975, 90 mins). A nostalgic war drama based on the 1946 Goldwyn classic ?The Best Years of Our Lives,? following three returning World War II veterans as they face the challenge of adjusting to civilian life. Dabney Coleman takes the Fredric March role and Tom Selleck the part played by Dana Andrews, while non-professional actor James Miller (a Vietnam bilateral amputee who is deputy sh…
Principal social themes: end-of-life issues, addiction, suicide/depression Warner Brothers. R rating. Featuring: Jeremy Irons, Glenn Close, Ron Silver, Annabella Sciorra, Uta Hagen, Fisher Stevens, Jack Gilpin, Christine Baranski, Stephen Mailer, Felicity Huffman, Mano Singh, Tom Wright, Bill Camp, Lisa Gay Hamilton, Christine Dunford, Julie Hagerty. Written by Nicholas Kazan based on the book by …
B. October 11, 1906 D. August 24, 1975 Birthplace: Boston, Massachusetts Charles Revson sold dresses and sales-motivation materials before founding Revlon. In 1932 he and his brother, Joseph, teamed up with nail-polish supplier Charles Lachman to distribute nail polish. By combining an ?l? for Lachman into Revson, they created the name Revlon. The company marketed a unique nail polish which used p…
Born in Bloomington, Indiana to Maureen and Daniel Grossman, Rex began playing football at a very young age. His father Daniel encouraged his pursuits, and though Rex began as a running back, his mother convinced him to change to quarterback. Rex graduated from Bloomington South High School where he was extremely gifted on the football field, eventually setting a state record for highest number of…
[re nuhldz] (1842?1912) British engineer and physicist: gave definitive analysis of turbulent flow. Reynolds studied mathematics at Cambridge, before being appointed as the first professor of engineering at Owens College (now Manchester University), where one of his students . Reynolds was one of the outstanding theoretical engineers of the 19th-c. Most of his work concerned fluid dynamics, proble…
(1906-1964) R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company A son of the founder of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Richard Joshua Reynolds Jr. was successful in endeavors outside the tobacco industry despite a rather colorful personal life. He was a businessman and philanthropist who helped worthy causes, particularly in his home state of North Carolina and in Georgia. He was the founder of the Sapelo Island Rese…
RHAMES, VING (1961?). Actor. This native of Harlem discovered a love for acting while attending the New York High School for the Performing Arts. He continued his studies at the Julliard School of Drama and worked on the New York theater circuit. He first appeared on Broadway in a 1984 production of The Winter Boys . His big-screen break came when Quentin Tarantino cast him as the merciless drug k…
B. September 19, 1940 Birthplace: Chatham, Kent, England Awards: Designer of the Year, English Trade Fashion, 1972 ???????? Royal Designer Industry, Royal Society of Arts, 1977 ???????? Fellow of the Society of Industrial Arts, 1978 ???????? Moore College of Art Award, Philadelphia, 1978 ???????? Emmy Award, Best Costumes, ?Romeo and Juliet on Ice,? 1979 ???????? British Designer, Clothi…
(1952-) Elektra Entertainment Group With 25 years of experience, Sylvia M. Rhone has risen through the ranks to become one of the most influential women in the music industry. A pioneer, she was the first black woman to head a major record company. Her involvement with artist development and record promotions as well as her executive skills have resulted in financial success for her labels and a…
B. 1883 D. November 29, 1970 Birthplace: Turin, Italy Awards: Fragrance Foundation Hall of Fame Award, 1982 ???????? D? d?Or Award (Golden Thimble), 1987 ???????? Chevalier de la L?gion d?Honneur, ???????? Bijorca d?Or Award, 1987, 1988 ???????? Fragrance Foundation Perennial Success Award, 1988 ???????? Venus de la Beaut?, 1990 ???????? Troph?e International Pardum/Couture, 1991 ???…
(1958-) Johnson Publishing Company At the age of 29, Linda Johnson Rice became one of the youngest publishing executives in the country when she was named president and chief operating officer of the Johnson Publishing Company in 1987. Today, she is one of the few African-American women to hold such a position. Rice played an integral role in the development of several Johnson products, includin…
Born c. 1967 in United Kingdom. Education: Earned degree from the University of Nottingham, 1989. Addresses: Office ?Fox Searchlight Pictures, 10201 W. Pico Blvd., Bldg. 38, Los Angeles, CA 90035. Began as intern in the U.S. distribution and marketing office of Fox Filmed Entertainment, 20th Century-Fox, 1985; became executive vice president of production for Fox Filmed Entertainment; president of…
(ABC, 2/1/1976 to 3/15/1976, 8 Parts, 12 hours). The overwhelming success of this star laden TV adaptation of Irwin Shaw?s 1970 best-seller that was shown as six two-hour motion pictures over a seven-week period ensured the future of the ?Novel for Television? miniseries genre. Stars of varying magnitudes were made of the production?s three leading players Peter Strauss, Susan Blakely and Nick Nol…
RICHARDS, BEAH (1920?2000). Actress, writer. She was born Beulah Richardson in Vicksburg, Mississippi. She graduated from Dillard University in 1948 and decided to leave the segregated South to pursue acting. Her initial training at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego helped prepare her for a 50 year career that would combine stage, movies, and television, while often playing feisty character roles…
Born Lloyd George Richards, June 29, 1919, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; died of heart failure, June 29, 2006, in New York, NY. Theater director. Though an unfamiliar name to many, Lloyd Richards was one of the most important figures in American theater during the latter half of the twentieth century. He was the first African American to direct a Broadway play, and discovered playwright August Wils…
(1868?1928) US analytical chemist: famed for his accurate determination of relative atomic mass by quantitative chemical analysis. From age 14 Richards was keenly interested in astronomy, but poor eyesight caused him to change his college studies to chemistry. After doing well at Harvard he visited Europe to learn the latest chemical methods; despite an offer at G?ttingen he returned to a professo…
(1937?) US physicist: co-discoverer of superfluidity of helium-3. In 1972 Richardson, David Lee (1931? ) and Douglas Osheroff (1945? ) were researchers at the Low Temperature Laboratory at Cornell. Lee had come from Harvard and Yale; Richardson had been at Duke University, NC. With Osheroff, a graduate student at Cornell, they built a cooling apparatus and observed helium-3 (the rare isotope) as i…
In an outstanding and diverse legal career, Scovel Richardson made a huge impact through his pioneering role as one of the first African Americans to serve in the federal judiciary system and his work in and on behalf of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and the larger African American community. He was one of many African American professionals in the legal system who led by ex…
RICHARDSON, SY. Actor. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and raised in Chicago, Illinois. He began singing at age 12 and recorded his first record with the group Lil June and the Januarys at 16. Richardson served two years with the U.S. Navy and graduated from the University of Colorado, Boulder, with a B.S. degree in journalism. After working for several Colorado newspapers, he joined the Heritage…
Barnabe Riche was a professional soldier and writer and a paid or, perhaps, voluntary informer. He served at Le Havre during 1562?63 and in the Netherlands briefly sometime between 1572 and 1576, but his primary service was in Ireland. He was there during most of the years 1570?82; he served under Sir Nicholas Malby in the suppression of Desmond?s rebellion in 1581. In 1585, he had charge of 100 m…
(1850?1935) French physiologist: first investigator of anaphylaxis. Richet qualified in medicine in Paris, and became professor of physiology there from 1887. About 1900 Prince Albert of Monaco suggested that he study the poison injected into its victims by the Portuguese man-o-war. By chance Richet found that dogs injected with the toxin were most strongly affected if they had been injected previ…
(NBC, 10/27/1976, 90 mins). A neophyte gumshoe with more nerve than know-how joins the big leagues when hired by an amnesia victim who not only cannot explain why she?s being sought by a gunman but who also believes that she is involved in a murder. Brockelman originally was introduced on James Garner?s ?The Rockford Files? with the idea of making him Rockford?s sidekick. Instead the character was…
(1940-) Knight Ridder Tony Ridder heads a communications company whose holdings include several dozen newspapers and a growing stake in electronic media, including information retrieval services and graphics and photo libraries. The papers owned and operated by the partly family-controlled Knight Ridder chain together boast the second-largest circulation figures in the United States, topped only…
[ree man] (1826?66) German mathematician: originated Riemannian geometry. Riemann, the son of a Lutheran pastor, studied theology to please his father, and then studied mathematics under at G?ttingen to please himself. In 1859 he became professor of mathematics there. At the age of 39 he died of tuberculosis. His friend said of Riemann ?The gentle mind which had been implanted in him in his father…
RIGGS, MARLON (1957?1994). Documentary filmmaker, educator, poet. Born in Ft. Worth, Texas, Riggs graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1978 with a B.A. in history. He earned his M.A. in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1981, and returned there to teach documentary film in 1987. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including Emmy Awards in 1987 and 1991…
Principal social themes: end-of-life issues, suicide/depression, aging HBO. PG rating. Featuring: Bette Davis, Jimmy Stewart, Melinda Dillon, Priscilla Morrill, Louis Schaefer, Charles Walker, East Carlo, John Harkins, Edith Fields. Written by Richard Lees based on his play Right of Way . Cinematography by Howard Schwartz. Edited by Sidney M. Katz. Music by Brad Fiedel. Produced directed by George…
(NBC, 2/4/1978, 120 mins). A fact based drama about the two Louis Schmeling heavyweight fights and the way both boxers unwillingly became symbols of political ideologies just prior to World War II. Originally titled ?Countdown to the Big One.? Production Companies Twentieth Century Fox Television, NBC Productions. Director Robert Michael Lewis. Executive Producer Sheldon A. Saltman. Producer Lou M…
Modern ringtones are becoming increasingly diverse. Older phones alerted the owner to an incoming phone call with a ringing bell sound. Nowadays, people can personalize ringtones to make custom alerts. The newest mobile phones can allow users to apply different ringtones to different book entries. Because of this newfound popularity, a new ringtone-making trend has emerged. Websites allow users to…
The Rite Aid chain, (originally called Thrif D Discount Center,) opened in Scranton, Pennsylvania in 1962. Through the acquisitions of new drugstores and locations, Rite Aid quickly expanded into several other states in 1965. The drugstore chain was renamed as the Rite Aid Corporation in 1968 and made its debut on the American Stock Exchange that same year. In 1972, Rite Aid had 267 locations in 1…
(NBC, 2/23/1970, 120 mins). Further excursions into black magic and the occult occur in this sequel to ?Fear No Evil? (1969) with Louis Jourdan and Wilfrid Hyde White re creating their roles. This movie was called ?Next Time, My Love? during production and has a noted psychiatrist delving into the death of a patient, a young heiress. Production Company Universal Television. Director Robert Day. Pr…
ROBESON, PAUL (1898?1976). Actor, singer, civil rights activist. Born in Princeton, New Jersey, Paul Robeson gained a worldwide reputation as an actor, singer, scholar, and activist. The son of a runaway slave, he educated himself at Lincoln University and won a scholarship to Rutgers University. A tremendous athlete, he earned 12 letters in football, baseball, track, and basketball. He was named …
(1921? ) British glaciologist: made investigations into the thickness and flow of polar ice sheets. Educated in Melbourne, where he graduated in physics, Robin then had 4 years of naval service, first on convoy escort and then in the submarine service. On demobilization in Britain he joined Oliphant?s nuclear physics department in Birmingham University, where the vice-chancellor was Raymond Priest…
ROBINSON, BILL ?BOJANGLES? (1878?1949). Dancer, actor. He was seemingly born to dance in Richmond, Virginia. After the death of his parents while he was still a baby, his grandmother raised Robinson, and she was not pleased when he began dancing on street corners to make money. Regardless, he became a ?hoofer? or song and dance man by age six, and worked the local beer taverns. By age eight, he wa…
One of the most successful and productive African American architects in Washington, D.C. during the first half of the twentieth century, Hilyard Robinson ? helped to address the housing needs of black Americans?from the poor to the affluent?and became the leading designer of public housing. His work helped to spur the passage of the first national housing act. He also supervised the construction …
Jane Marie Bancroft Robinson was born on December 24, 1847, to the Reverend George C. and Caroline J. (Orton) Bancroft in West Stockbridge, Massachusetts. She graduated from the Emma Willard School in Troy, New York, in 1871 and from the New York State Normal School in 1872. She received a Ph.B. degree from Syracuse University in 1877 and a Ph.M. degree, also from Syracuse, in 1884. She continued …
Born March 17, 1950, in Castleford, Yorkshire, England; son of Clifford Robinson (a photographer) and Miriam Jarvis (a homemaker); married Sheila Halladay (an attorney). Education : University of Leeds, B.A. (with honors), 1974; University of Windsor, M.A., 1975; York University, Ontario, Canada, Ph.D., 1983. Addresses: Agent ?Dominick Abel, 146 W. 82nd St., #1B, New York, NY 10024. Home ?Toronto,…
(1886?1975) British organic chemist: master of organic synthesis and pioneer of the electronic theory of organic chemistry. His family had a prosperous business making surgical goods, but young Robinson hoped to become a mathematician. However, his father wished to construct a bleach works (on the information supplied by Chambers Cyclopaedia ) and so pressed him to study chemistry. He was sent to …
B. 1902 D. 1954 Birthplace: Paris, France In 1924 Marcel Rochas abandoned his career as a lawyer to open a couture house as a means to provide his attractive, new wife with appropriately exquisite clothes. Soon after opening the house, he became known for his innovative and unique designs. During the 1920s he introduced blouses that were designed to be worn with men?s neckties and dramatic beach p…
ROCHON, LELA (1964?). Actress. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, Rochon studied journalism and theater at Cal State University while modeling on the side. After being in music videos for Luther Vandross and Lionel Ritchie, as well as starring in 28 Spuds Bud Light beer commercials, Rochon was ready for the bright lights of Hollywood. Her big break came from small parts in Harlem Nights ,…
ROCK, CHRIS (1966?). Comedian, actor, producer. Born in South Carolina and raised in Brooklyn, New York, Rock was a stand up comic who distinguished himself on NBC?s Saturday Night Live , 1990?93. After headlining two HBO specials, he got his own talk show on HBO, The Chris Rock Show , 1997. He has also guest starred on TV series, such as The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Martin , and Homicide: Life on…
One indication of the central government?s control over its officials in ancient Egypt was the location and plan of official?s tombs. At times when the central government exercised strong control over the provinces, officials wanted to be buried near the king. This was clearly the case in the Old Kingdom when cities of the dead surrounded the pyramids. These Old Kingdom mastabas were gifts from th…
Principal social themes: AIDS, homosexuality Konigsberg Productions. PG-13 rating. Featuring: Thomas Ian Griffith, Daphne Ashbrook, William R. Moses, Andrew Robinson, Thom Mathews, Michael Ensign, Diane Ladd, Joycelyn O?Brien, Don Galloway, Mathieu Carri?re, Larry Dobkin, Jean Kasem, John Shepard, Julie Tesh, Diane Behrens, Ping Wu. Written by Dennis Turner based in part on the book My Husband, Ro…
(1839-1937) Founder of Standard Oil and the world?s richest man when he died, John D. Rockefeller began as a frugal accounting clerk who set up a merchant grain business in 1858. With a $4000 investment, he went into the oil refining business in 1863. Through strict economy and the swift elimination of competitors, he soon dominated the oil refining industry. In 1911 his monopoly was broken by ant…
(1942-) The Body Shop Anita Roddick is one of the wealthiest women in Great Britain, but this is a honor bestowed on her almost unwillingly. As founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Body Shop franchise, specializing in all natural skin and hair care products, Roddick has revolutionized the retail beauty industry by following her own gut instinct. She has also consistently rejected est…
Principal social themes: abortion, women?s rights, suicide/depression Mannheim. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Holly Hunter, Amy Madigan, Terry O?Quinn, James Gannon, Kathy Bates, Chris Mulkey, Annabella Price, Dion Anderson, David Wohl, Micole Mercurio, and George Murdock. Written by Alison Cross. Cinematography by Tom Sigel. Edited by Elodie Keene and Joann Fogle. Music by Snuffy Walden. Produced an…
Nancy Lyman Roelker was born on June 15, 1915, in Warwick, Rhode Island, to William Greene Roelker, a historian, and Anna (Koues) Roelker. She received an A.B. from Radcliffe College in 1936, an A.M. from Harvard University in 1937, and a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1953. She taught European history from 1937 to 1941 at Concord Academy in Concord, Massachusetts, and from 1941 to 1963 at Winsor School in…
(ABC, 5/2/1977, 90 mins). The pilot movie for a series that never materialized, dealing with a pair of free wheeling investigators who specialize in recovering lost and stolen objects as well as missing or kidnapped persons, and who here are hired by a millionaire businessman whose daughter apparently was spirited out of the country. Subsequently titled ?Love for Ransom.? Production Companies Bruc…
1933? ) Swiss physicist: invented the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). Rohrer joined IBM at Z?rich in 1963 and later began to collaborate with Gerd Binnig (1947? ), who joined in 1978. Together they took up work that Russell Young at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington had initiated: to build a scanning tunnelling microscope. A tungsten electron field emitter tip was moved across a…
Born January 7, 1946, in Buffalo, NY; son of Manus (an advertising agency owner) and Edith (a teacher and homemaker) Roizen; married Nancy J. Mrazek (a pediatrician), April 15, 1975; children: Jeffrey, Jennifer. Education : Williams College, A.B (with honors), 1967; University of California, San Francisco, M.D., 1971. Addresses: Office ?c/o Simon & Schuster, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York N…
Definition: Semantic Web Tools and Standards greatly assist in both description and reasoning stages of computation. Many types of multimedia applications can ? and do ? leverage rich information model semantics. Much like textual applications (such as multi-schemata databases) in which ontologies and semantics come into play, multimedia applications constitute a rich proving-ground due to their n…
(ABC, 12/17/1974, 90 mins). A mild mannered computer programmer lives on roller skates for seven days to compete for attention with his son?s stepfather and to win a place in the Guinness Book of Records. Production Company ABC Circle Films. Director Bill Persky. Producers Bill Persky, Sam Denoff. Teleplay Bill Persky, Sam Denoff. Photography John M. Stephens. Music Allyn Ferguson, Jack Elliot. Ed…
ROLLE, ESTHER (1920?1998). Actress. This native of Pompano Beach, Florida, became an accomplished actress in television and film, best known as Florida Evans, the outspoken maid from the sitcom Maude , and the spin off series Good Times . Before accepting the part, Rolle insisted that Good Times should have a strong father figure and be based around her home and family life, not on her work as a m…
Born Henry Lawrence Garfield, February 13, 1961, in Washington, D.C.; son of Iris. Education : Attended American University in Washington, D.C. Addresses: Office ?2.13.61, 7510 Sunset Blvd. No. 602, Los Angeles, CA 90046. Website ?http://www.21361.com. Began music career with Washington, D.C.-based band S.O.A., c. 1980; lead singer for punk band Black Flag, 1981?86; founded 2.13.61, a publishing i…
Born November 6, 1972, in Berkeley, CA; daughter of Jaap Romijn (a furniture designer) and Elizabeth Kuizenga (a teacher); married John Stamos (an actor), September 19, 1998 (divorced, March, 2005); married Jerry O?Connell (an actor), July 14, 2007. Education: Attended the University of California?Santa Cruz, c. 1990?91. Addresses: Home ?Calabasas, CA. Office ?c/o WB Television Network, 4000 Warne…
Born Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, March 21, 1980, in Porta Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; became naturalized Spanish citizen, January, 2007; son of Jo?o (a shipyard welder and soccer player) and Miguelina (a nurse) de Assis Moreira; children: Jo?o (son). Addresses: Home ?Barcelona, Spain. Office ?F.C. Barcelona, Av. Aristedes Maillol, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. Played for various youth and junior c…
Born c. 1977, in London, England; daughter of Laurence Ronson (a real estate developer) and Ann Dexter-Jones (an author). Education: Graduated from New York University, c. 1998. Addresses: Home ?New York, NY. Office ?c/o C. Ronson, 239 Mulberry St., New York, NY 10012. Founded clothing label C. Ronson, 1999; opened first retail store in New York City, 2001; entered into partnership with Sanei Inte…
(ABC, 1/23/1977 to 1/30/1977, 8 Parts, 12 hours). The dramatization of Alex Haley?s chronicle of his family history from his ancestors? life in tribal Africa of the 18th century to their emancipation in the post-Civil War South became an overnight phenomenon, the subject of educational programs as well as newspaper editorials that attracted, as it progressed, the largest viewing audience ever for …
ROOTS . 1977. (TV) 573 min. Drama. An eight-part television miniseries based on Alex Haley ?s best-selling book that recounts his family history all the way back to Africa. The series aired for eight consecutive nights on ABC-TV and broke viewing records around the world. The story begins with Kunta Kinte, a young boy in a Gambian village in West Africa, who is completing his manhood trials. He is…
(ABC, 2/18/1979 to 2/25/1979, 7 Parts, 14 hours). The unparalleled success of ?Roots? in 1977 prompted this continuation of Alex Haley?s saga, beginning with the events where its predecessor ended in 1882 and bringing the story to the present with James Earl Jones playing Haley and Marlon Brando as American Nazi leader George Lincoln Rockwell, who agreed to an interview in the 1960s with Haley for…
Biographers and historians agree that there is little information on the life of the fugitive slave and abolitionist Moses Roper. Most of the available information comes from his slave narrative. Moses Roper is recognized for recording details of the horror of American slavery in his biographical account A Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper, from American Slavery (1838). The nar…
(1833?1915) British chemist: pioneer in photochemistry, vanadium chemistry and chemical education. Son of a Liverpool lawyer, Roscoe?s enthusiasm for chemistry began at school. As a Dissenter, he went to University College, London and studied under and then in Heidelberg with . Back in London in 1855, he juggled several modest chemical jobs in teaching and consultancy to make a living, but in 1857…
Born on October 9, 1911, in Washington, DC; died August 20, 2006, in Novato, CA. Photographer. Pulitzer prize-winning photographer Joseph J. Rosenthal almost missed taking the picture that helped the American people endure World War II (WWII). A photographer for the Associated Press (AP), he was on Iwo Jima during one of the bloodiest battles of WWII. When the United States gained control of the i…
(NBC, 5/19/1977, 90 mins). A couple of resourceful, free wheeling criminal attorneys with an eye for the ladies confront a no nonsense judge while trying to clear an heiress in the slaying of her husband, although her explanation that a mysterious intruder did it provides them with a rather weak case. The subsequent series with Tony Roberts and Squire Fridell lasted for several months in late 1977…
ROSS, DIANA (1944?). Singer, actress. Diana Ross began her career as the lead singer of the Supremes, one of the most successful singing groups in musical history. She was born in Detroit and raised in a housing project. After losing a role in a school musical, she teamed with friends Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard to form their own group. In 1960, while high school seniors, the trio was hired b…
Dorothy Ross was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on August 13, 1936, of Russian-Jewish ancestry. Her father worked in sales; her mother was a secretary and homemaker. Ross attended public schools through high school in Milwaukee. Among her early influences Ross counts her parents, who had great respect for education and encouraged her efforts. Their own immigrant status and, ironically, their desire…
John Ross was scarcely known until I assembled his biography and edited some of his poems a few years ago. A Latin poet and lawyer with close ties to the Inner Temple, his claim as a ?major author,? if any, would lie in his nearly unique place at the intersection of several vital cultural paths. Ross was baptized at Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, 26 June 1563. Like his younger brother Gabriel, he att…
(1800?62) British polar explorer: located the north magnetic pole and explored the Antarctic Ocean. Entering the Royal Navy when he was 12, James Ross served under his uncle John Ross in surveys of the White Sea and the Arctic, and later with W E Parry (1790?1855) in four attempts in the 1820s to reach the North Pole over the ice. From 1829?33 he was with his uncle on a private expedition (finance…
(1857?1932) British physician: discovered major steps in life-cycle of malarial parasite. Ross was born in India, where his father was a British army officer; he returned to the UK to school when he was 8, studied medicine in London, and joined the Indian Medical Service in 1881. His interest in medicine increased from that time, but his interest in poetry, fiction and mathematics was life-long an…
(1898?1957) Swedish?US meteorologist: discovered large-scale waves in the upper atmosphere, and the jet stream. Rossby was educated at the University of Stockholm and at the Bergen Geophysical Institute. In 1926 he emigrated to America, where he subsequently held professorships at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago. In 1940 Rossby demonstrated that large-scale …
Louis Charles Roudanez started the first black daily newspaper in the United States in which he championed slavery?s abolition, universal suffrage, desegregation, and ownership of plantations by ex-slaves. A successful physician, Roudanez was revered for his education, gentility, and wealth by both whites and blacks in New Orleans, Louisiana. In the 1800s, the political and cultural climate of New…
ROUNDTREE, RICHARD (1942?). Actor. Born in New Rochelle, New York, Roundtree graduated from New Rochelle High School and attended college on a football scholarship to Southern Illinois University. He enjoyed a short career as a model before joining the Negro Ensemble Company and taking to the stage. The big-screen opportunity that catapulted him to stardom was his role as black private eye John Sh…
[rows] (1879?1970) US pathologist and oncologist: showed that some cancers are caused by a virus. During his second year as a medical student at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, Rous scraped his finger on a tuberculous bone while doing an autopsy and became infected. After surgery he spent a year working as a cowboy before returning to medicine and graduating in 1905. He had a long caree…
[rougi tch ka] (1887?1976) Croatian?Swiss organic chemist: devised the isoprene rule. Ružicka grew up in Croatia when it was part of Austria-Hungary and, after an education in Germany and Switzerland, he finally became professor in Z?rich. In 1916 he began work on perfumes; one famous study concerned the costly perfume fixatives in musk (from a Himalayan deer) and civet (from an African wildcat).…
(1934? ) Italian physicist: co-discoverer of the W and Z particles. A graduate of Pisa, Rubbia held a chair of physics at Harvard by 1972 and became director of the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) at Geneva in 1989, where he had also worked from 1960. By the mid-1970s it was known that the forces within nuclei operate by interchange of particles: eg the electromagnetic force arises…
(1928? ) US astronomer. Educated at Cornell and Georgetown, DC, Rubin joined the Carnegie Institution in 1965 and worked there and at Mount Wilson Observatory thereafter. Her work focused on spiral galaxies and particularly on their velocity of rotation. She showed in the 1980s that this velocity, which she found tends to increase for stars the further they are from the centre of their galaxy, imp…
(1870-1965) Helena Rubinstein, Inc. Helena Rubinstein?s name was synonymous with women?s beauty products worldwide, during the early twentieth century. Starting out with only a few pots of face cream, a little formal education, and high ambitions she built one of the world?s first businesses which mass-produced cosmetics. Helena Rubinstein was born in Kracow, Poland in 1870. She was the oldest o…
[rub ner] (1854?1932) German physiologist: made important investigations of animal metabolism and energy balance. Rubner was professor of physiology at Marburg and later at Berlin. Before 1800 had shown by experiments using a guinea-pig in a calorimeter that its heat production was the same as that given by burning a quantity of carbon equal to that in the CO2 it expired, and so he concluded that …
(CBS, 2/8/1978, 180 mins). A dramatic three hour plus re creation of the four-day span preceding and following the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963, drawn from authenticated events and eyewitness accounts. Subsequently cut to 2? hours and retitled ?Four Days in Dallas.? Production Company Alan Landsburg Productions. Director Mel Stuart. Executive Producer Alan Landsburg. Producer …
(1897-1967) Pepperidge Farm Inc. Margaret Rudkin achieved acclaim as one of America?s most successful female entrepreneurs, during an era when being a housewife was considered the appropriate goal of a woman. Her concern for her son?s health prompted this already wealthy housewife to begin baking her own ?health bread,? and within 10 years her Pepperidge Farm ovens were producing thousands of lo…
George Lewis Ruffin graduated Harvard Law School just four years after Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. As the first African American graduate of Harvard Law School, Ruffin surmounted the same academic challenges as every student. Unlike the average student, however, he also had to face the racism of his classmates. Ruffin became the first African American on the Boston city c…
Born December 2, 1944, in Cerrc?, Kosovo; died of lung cancer, January 21, 2006, in Pristina, Kosovo. President of Kosovo. Ibrahim Rugova guided the Balkan territory of Kosovo through its long and often bloody struggle for independence. Often referred to as the father of his nation, Rugova was a college professor who emerged as an unlikely leader of Kosovo in the late 1980s when this province of S…
Vicki Lynn Ruiz, the daughter of Robert Mercer and Ermina Ruiz, was born May 21, 1955, in Atlanta, Georgia, and grew up in Florida. Her father, a fisherman, took tourists deep sea fishing, and Vicki, her sister, and her mother all worked for the family business. They followed the tourist migration, so Vicki would attend school in Panama City until Thanksgiving, in Marathon from December or January…
(1753?1814) Anglo-American adventurer, social reformer, inventor and physicist: measured relation between work and heat; founded Royal Institution. It would be hard to name a scientist who had a more extraordinary life than Rumford. He was a store apprentice, then a part-time teacher, gymnast and medical student with an interest in electrical machines. At 18 he married a rich young widow of 30 and…
(NBC, 11/18/1969, 120 mins). A thriller about a math teacher (Louis Jourdan), vacationing in Europe, who stumbles onto a plot to manipulate the international gold standard and becomes the prime target of high-level conspirators. One of two very early TV-movies starring Mary Tyler Moore. Production Companies Halsan Productions, ABC Productions. Director Gene Levitt. Executive Producer Charles F. En…
(ABC, 9/29/1973, 90 mins). A suspense thriller about a bunch of weekend skiers (familiar TV faces all) who sweat out a harrowing journey down a mountainside in a runaway train. Theatrically, in Great Britain, this film was titled, cleverly, as ?The Runaway Train.? Production Company Universal Television. Director David Lowell Rich. Executive Producer Harve Bennett. Producer David Lowell Rich. Tele…
(1906?88) German physicist: pioneer in development of the transmission electron microscope. The electron microscope has had such a revolutionary effect in science (especially biology) that it must rank with the telescope, optical microscope and spectroscope as an outstanding device. Like these devices it has no universally agreed single discoverer; claims and counter-claims have been made, but the…
(1877?1957) US astronomer: inferred stellar evolution from spectral type/luminosity relationship. Russell?s interest in astronomy probably began when, as a 5-year-old, his parents showed him a transit of Venus. After graduating from Princeton and a period in Cambridge, Russell spent his working life in Princeton. In 1913 he discovered that the absolute magnitude (the magnitude a star would have at…
Born March 17, 1951, in Springfield, MA; son of Bing Russell (an actor and baseball player); married Season Hubley (divorced); companion of Goldie Hawn (an actress), 1983?; children: Boston Oliver Grant (from first marriage), Wyatt (with Hawn). Addresses: Agent ?Creative Artists Agency, 2000 Avenue of the Stars, Los Angeles, CA, 90067. Office ?Cosmic Entertainment, 1888 Century Park East, 18th Fl.…
Born Julius Russell, October 13, 1924, in Atlanta, GA; died of cancer, October 2, 2005, in New York, NY. Comedian and actor. With a supernatural ability to improvise and ad-lib, Nipsey Russell made a name for himself on the talk-show and game-show circuits of the 1950s and ?60s. He was known most notably for his impromptu four-line rhymes, which entertained the masses and helped him become one of …
(1871?1937) New Zealand?British physicist: founded nuclear physics. Born near Nelson in New Zealand into a wheel-wright?s large family, Rutherford showed wide-ranging ability at school, won a scholarship to Canterbury College, Christchurch, and in his final years there concentrated on mathematics and physics. In his last year there he invented a sensitive radio-wave detector, just 6 years after ha…
[r?d berg] (1854?1919) Swedish spectroscopist: early theorist on atomic number. Educated at Lund, Rydberg stayed there for his entire career, as professor of physics from 1901. He was fascinated by periodic table of the elements and he had the brilliant and valuable intuition that the periodicity was related to atomic spectra and atomic structure. Working on atomic emission spectra in 1890, he fou…
B. 1930 Birthplace: Paris, France Awards: Oscar for Contributions to the Fashion Industry, Fashion Group International, 1986 ???????? Officier de l?Ordre des Arts et Lettres, French Minister of Culture, 1993 ???????? Award for Design Excellence, Chicago Historical Society?s Costume Committee, 1994 ???????? Officier de l?Ordre National de la L?gion d?Honneur, French Minister of Culture, 1996 …
(ABC, 9/23/1979, 180 mins). Lavish new three-hour dramatization about the sinking of the Titanic tragedy with three American TV stars heading a huge, basically British cast. Leachman, as the ?unsinkable? Molly Brown, also portrayed the same real-life character years before on TV on the dramatic anthology ?Telephone Time? series (1957). Emmy Award nominations for editing went to John A. Martinelli …
[ say bin] (1906?93) US virologist and developer of an oral poliomyelitis vaccine. Polish by birth, the Sabin family emigrated to the USA in 1921, and Albert Sabin studied at New York Medical School. During the Second World War he devised vaccines for the US army, notably one against dengue fever. After the war, working at the University of Cincinnati, he attacked the problem of finding a safe and…
[ say bin] (1871?1953) US anatomist and histologist: ensured the passage of vital public health legislation. Florence Sabin?s mother died when she was 4 and she was brought up largely by her uncle and grandparents. She went to Smith College and gained a BS degree in 1893, taught for 3 years to save money, then entered Johns Hopkins Medical School and received the MD degree in 1900. After a year?s …
[ sa bin] (1868?1919) US physicist: the founder of architectural acoustics. A midwesterner from a farming family, Sabine did well as a physics student at Harvard and became an instructor there in 1890. Except for war work in the First World War (he was in effect the first chief scientist for the US Air Force, in 1917?18) he never left Harvard. Some 5 years later Harvard president C W Eliot asked f…
(1832?97) German botanist: pioneer of plant physiology. Sachs was an assistant to at Prague, and after various posts in Germany became professor at W?rzburg from 1868. During nearly half a century he made massive contributions to plant physiology, which before him was largely neglected. Much apparatus and technique now familiar is due to him, and his many pupils continued to develop the subject. H…
(1894?1956) Indian astrophysicist: demonstrated that elements in stars are ionized in proportion to their temperature. The son of a small shopkeeper in Dacca, Saha was educated at Presidency College, Calcutta and afterwards visited Europe. He taught at the University of Allahabad and in 1938 he was appointed professor of physics at Calcutta. The absorption lines in the spectra of stars vary widely…
The term saint comes from the Latin sanctus (?holy?) and was initially used in the early Christian period to refer to all faithful members of the Christian church. During the periods of persecution however, the special status of those who suffered *death (martyrdom) for their faith resulted in increasing specification of saintly categories. The MARTYRS (from Greek: martus , ?witness?) were early v…
[ sa karof] (1921?89) Russian nuclear physicist and political activist. The son of a physics teacher, Sakharov was born and educated in Moscow, where he graduated in 1942. From that time he worked in the Lebedev Institute of Physics, and from 1948 he was the key figure in developing the Soviet hydrogen bomb, which was exploded in 1962, when he received the highest honours from the state for this w…
(1926?96) Pakistani theoretical physicist: developed unified theory of the weak nuclear force and electromagnetism. Salam?s early career shifted between Punjab University, Cambridge University and Lahore, where he became a professor at the Government College and Punjab University. He then lectured at Cambridge (1954?6) and in 1957 became professor of theoretical physics at Imperial College of Scie…
The American Revolution, like all of the wars engaged in by the United States, included African Americans, enslaved and free. It has been estimated that between 5,000 and 7,000 African Americans were a part of the revolutionary fight for independence. Many of these individuals are unknown. However, one of the first known African Americans to take part fought along side Crispus Attucks, the first A…
(CBS, 11/17/1979 and 11/24/1979, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). Best-sellling author Stephen King?s hugely popular 1975 chiller about modern-day vampirism in New England emerged as a two-part, four-hour film, with David Soul as a successful novelist who returns to his boyhood home and finds strange doings, behind many of which is a sinister-looking antique dealer played by James Mason. Emmy Awa…
Lucy Maynard Salmon was born on July 27, 1853, in Fulton, New York, to George Salmon, a bank director and owner of a successful tannery, and Maria Clara Maynard Salmon, principal of Fulton Female Seminary from 1836 until her marriage. Lucy?s mother died when she was seven, and her father remarried a year later. Lucy attended school in Oswego and at the Falley Seminary (the Fulton Female Seminary, …
Lucy Maynard Salmon was born on July 27, 1853, in Fulton, New York, to George Salmon, a bank director and owner of a successful tannery, and Maria Clara Maynard Salmon, principal of Fulton Female Seminary from 1836 until her marriage. Lucy?s mother died when she was seven, and her father remarried a year later. Lucy attended school in Oswego and at the Falley Seminary (the Fulton Female Seminary, …
(NBC, 2/1/1971, 120 mins). In this Western series pilot (unrealized), an alcoholic drifter (Ernest Borgnine) finds himself unchallenged in his run for sheriff in a small town, but campaigning means that he must find the killer of a visiting preacher. Production Companies Roy Huggins Productions, Universal Television. Director Fielder Cook. Executive Producer Roy Huggins. Producer Jo Swerling Jr. T…
Born October 12, 1946, in Portland, OR; daughter of Lee W. and Ann (Cherry) Jackson; married Nickolas F. Sammons, September 12, 1967; children: one. Education: Marylhurst College, B.A., 1970. Addresses: Office ?Rite Aid Corporation, 30 Hunter Ln., Camp Hill, PA 17011. Secondary school teacher, early 1970s; Fred Meyer Stores, joined company as management trainee, 1973, buyer, 1975?80, vice presiden…
John Patterson Sampson was born free in Wilmington, North Carolina on August 13, 1837. His parents, James Drawhorn Sampson and Fannie Kellogg, were of Scottish, Indian, and African extraction. His father, a clergyman and carpenter, was financially able to send his children north for their education. Sampson was educated in Massachusetts, graduating with his B.A. from Comer?s College in Boston in 1…
Born in 1944 in Nebraska; son of Ken Sams; married Josephine Fairley (a journalist and organic-food company executive). Education: Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, B.S., c. 1966. Addresses: Home ?Hastings, England. Office ?c/o Green & Black?s Ltd., 2 Valentine Pl., London SE1 8QH, England. Ethnic-clothing importer in London, England, after 1966; opened Seed, a macrobiotic restaura…
The adventures of the heroic but often unwise Samson are recorded in Judges 13-16 and are frequently illustrated in early Christian and medieval art. Many events from the life of Samson were interpreted by Christian theologians as prefigurations of events in the life of Jesus; hence he often features in typological programs of illustration as well as in other pictorial contexts. He was an incredib…
(ABC, 4/30/1979, 90 mins). A young San Francisco lawyer, an assistant district attorney by day, straps on his samurai sword at night to do battle with a power-mad tycoon who is plotting to destroy San Francisco with an earthquake machine, in this pilot for a prospective martial arts series. Former Latin heartthrob Fernando Lamas was executive producer. Production Companies The Lamas Corporation, D…
1959-1969 The San Diego Chargers were established as a new AFL team in 1959 and started playing in Los Angeles for the AFL a year later. They were coached, originally, by Sid Gillman who handled the team for the duration of the ten years that the AFL was standing. Among the team?s players were Keith Lincoln, Lance Alworth and John Hadl. The San Diego Chargers competed in the first couple of AFL Ch…
(NBC, 9/29/1970, 120 mins). Daily doings at a huge airport, not the least of which is a possible $3 million hijacking while the manager and his staff are already wrestling with everything from a kidnapping to a shaky marriage. The subsequent series (1970-71) starred Lloyd Bridges, taking over for Pernell Roberts, and Clu Gulager. Production Company Universal Television. Director John Llewellyn Mox…
B. 1934 Birthplace: Spain Awards: International Wool Secretariat Competition, 1954 ???????? Coty Special Award for Lingerie, 1974 ???????? Fashion Critics Award, 1975, 1981 ???????? Fashion Designers of America Award, 1981 Sanchez began his design training at the Ecole de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne, the school he attended from 1951 to 1953. Afterward, Maggy Rouff employed …
Virginia Sanchez Korrol was born on August 27, 1936, in New York City to Antonio Sanchez Feliciano and Elisa Santiago Rodriguez. Her mother was a full-time homemaker and her father a blue-collar worker on the Pennsylvania Railroad; both were from Puerto Rico. She attended St. Anselm?s Elementary School in the Bronx and then Walton High School in the Bronx and Bay Ridge High School in Brooklyn. Her…
(NBC, 4/23/1979, 120 mins). An amiable Manhattan parish priest with a bent for crime-solving comes to the aid of a damsel in distress, a young actress who is innocently embroiled in a series of bizarre incidents and cannot find a sympathetic ear among the police. This pilot for a proposed?Father Brown? series updated the G.K. Chesterton creation, introduced in 1911 in a collection of short stories…
(1926? ) US astronomer: made first identification of an optical object with a quasar. Sandage studied at the University of Illinois and the California Institute of Technology before joining the Hale Observatories, initially as an assistant to . Although radio galaxies had been discovered in the 1940s, it was some years before compact radio emitters (?quasi-stellar radio sources? or quasars) were f…
B. 1942 Birthplace: Wesselburen, Germany ?Pure? is the word most often used by Jil Sander?s many admirers, not ?poor,? as those who do not appreciate her clothing aesthetic might view it. Pared down, minimal, simple, and androgynous are other words that describe her creations along with modern, elitist, luxe, and elegant. By 1999 Sander was head of a company generating more than $200 million a yea…
(1890-1980) Kentucky Fried Chicken Raised in poverty, Kentucky Fried Chicken founder Harland Sanders?better known as Colonel Sanders?achieved extraordinary success at an age when most people choose to retire. Before that, he had struggled for decades with various small business ventures. Only one had really panned out, and even it ultimately fell victim to fate. Then he combined his cooking skil…
Because the reputation of James Sandford (Sanford, Sanforde) of Somerset is based almost entirely on his diligent translations?especially of Agrippa?s* De vanitate ?his biography comes down to us as a list of other writers? titles. This may be an appropriately Borgesian paradox for an age preoccupied with self-fashioning through imitation and eloquence, but there are also hints in his dedicatory e…
Mari Sandoz was born Marie Susette on May 11, 1896, in Sheridan County, Nebraska, to Jules Sandoz and Mary Fehr. She began school at the age of nine; at the age of sixteen, after only four and a half years of formal schooling, she passed the rural teachers? examination. In 1912 she accepted a teaching position in the Sheridan County School and later moved to the Cheyenne County School. In 1922 she…
SANDS, DIANA (1934?1973). Actress. This New York City-born actress graduated from Manhattan High School for the Performing Arts and made her stage debut in George Bernard Shaw?s Major Barbara . She continued to work on stage in productions like Land Beyond the River, A Raisin in the Sun, Blues for Mr. Charlie , and Tiger, Tiger Burning Bright . She was cast opposite Alan Alda in The Owl and the Pu…
Eva Matthews Sanford was born in Nebraska City, Nebraska, on July 6, 1894 to Edgar Lewis and Anna Eugenia (Munson) Sanford. She received an A.B. degree summa cum laude in 1916, an M.A. in 1922, and the Ph.D. in 1923, all from Radcliffe College. She also attended the American Academy in Rome and Yale University. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and received a Whitney Traveling Fellowship from Rad…
(1918? ) British biochemist: pioneer of chemical studies on the structure of proteins and nucleic acids; the only double Nobel laureate in chemistry. Sanger, a physician?s son, graduated in Cambridge in 1939 and researched there through his career, on the staff of the Medical Research Council laboratories from 1951. In the early 1940s he devised a method using 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (Sanger?s r…
The first *matriarch, Sarah was the wife and half-sister of *Abraham and the mother of *Isaac. She is introduced in Genesis 11:29-30 as the barren Sarai , who accompanied Abraham in and out of Egypt and eventually settled with him near Hebron. Her beauty attracted the attentions of both the Egyptian *Pharaoh and later the king of Gerar; Abraham was fearful that those wishing to possess his wife wo…
(NBC, 2/11/1975, 120 mins). A drama about a 15 year old girl (Linda Blair again in another of her inevitable put upon teenager roles) who is unable to cope with her problems and the lack of love at home and becomes an alcoholic. Production Company Universal Television. Director Richard Donner. Producer David Levinson. Teleplay Esther Shapiro, Richard Shapiro. Photography Gayne Rescher. Music James…
(1863?1918) British botanist who suggested a new interpretation of the relationship between mono- and dicotyledons. Ethel Sargant studied natural science at Girton College, Cambridge (1881?5), and spent a year at the Jodrell laboratory at Kew Gardens training in research methods; in 1897 she visited several laboratories in Europe. For many years she cared for her elderly mother and an invalid sist…
(1891-1971) National Broadcasting Company, (NBC) David Sarnoff, who is commonly regarded as the ?father of television,? began his career as a Russian immigrant working as a messenger for a telegraph company. He conceived the idea of ?radio music boxes,? predicting they would become household items. He also predicted the advent of television and fostered its technical development. He himself was …
The Hebrew word satan (?adversary?) appears frequently in the Old Testament to refer to evil forces (both human and supernatural) that tempt and entice humans away from God. Satan is retained in the Greek and Vulgate translations, although it was additionally translated into the Greek and Latin diabolos (to become "Devil"). Satan, then, as the general source or magnet for evil causation in the wor…
Saul was the first king of Israel (eleventh century B.C. ); his life is recounted in 1 Samuel 9-31. He features in art primarily in episodes illustrating his variable relations with his successor *David. Saul was anointed as king by the prophet *Samuel but repeatedly disobeyed *God?s commands (e.g., in sparing the life of the Amalekite king Agag and in disobeying Samuel?s command and making sacrif…
(NBC, 3/31/1973, 90 mins). A TV journalist investigates the compromising photo of a Supreme Court nominee in this pilot for a prospective series for ex ?Mission: Impossible? stars Martin Landau and Barbara Bain. It marked director Steven Spielberg?s farewell to the TV vineyards where he had started only four years earlier. Originally this movie was titled ?Watch Dog.? Production Companies Universa…
(ABC, 9/27/1972, 90 mins). A pretty research doctor, suddenly widowed, is inveigled by a gruff street doctor to put away the mourning band and join him in his clinic in a Chicago slum area. The title role marked the end of Susan Hayward?s long film career. Production Companies Spelling-Goldberg Productions, ABC Circle Films. Director Jud Taylor. Producers Aaron Spelling, Leonard Goldberg. Teleplay…
Marta Mrak and Ebroul Izquierdo Department of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London, UK Definition: Scalable video coding targets seamless delivery of and access to digital content, enabling optimal, user-centered multi-channel and cross-platform media services, and providing a straightforward solution for universal video delivery to a broad range of applications . The recent …
Definition: Since color images are arrays of three-component color vectors, the use of scalar edge detectors requires pixels? dimensionality reduction through the conversion of the color image to its luminance-based equivalent . Since color images are arrays of three-component color vectors, the use of scalar edge detectors requires pixels? dimensionality reduction through the conversion of the co…
(ABC, 4/10/1966, 120 mins). This Western, a pilot for Dale Robertson?s series ?The Iron Horse? (1966-68), set up by the subsequent premise in which a dapper frontier gambler wins a railroad line in a poker game and his hands full holding it from the clutches of various conniving bad guys. Robert Random, Robert Cinder and Roger Torrey continued as regulars in the series along with Robertson. Produc…
While U.S. laws denied African Americans the right to education, William Sanders Scarborough learned to read and write and developed an interest in classical languages. When allowed to further his education, he pursued that interest, becoming the nation?s first prominent African American classical scholar. During his career in higher education, Scarborough served as president of Wilberforce Univer…
[ show din] (1871?1906) German zoologist and microbiologist: identified the organism responsible for syphilis. After starting university work as a student of philology at Berlin, Schaudinn turned to science and specialized in zoology. During his short career he worked in Berlin, especially on those protozoa (notably trypanosomes) that cause human disease. He demonstrated the alternation of generat…
[ show loh] (1921?99) US physicist: co-inventor of the laser. Schawlow?s early work was at Toronto and his postdoctoral research was with at Columbia University. The two remained in contact; Schawlow married Townes?s sister. After 10 years at Bell Telephone Laboratories, a professorship for Schawlow at Stanford followed in 1961. Townes and Schawlow collaborated to extend the maser principle to lig…
Seon Ho Kim University of Denver, Denver, USA Definition: Streaming media servers employ the scheduling of available disk bandwidth to guarantee a continuous display of streaming media and to maximize the throughput by minimizing the wasteful work of disk drives . A general software structure of a multimedia server supporting continuous displays of streaming media (SM) objects such as audio and …
[ shee luh] (1742?86) Swedish chemist: a discoverer of chemical elements (chlorine, and oxygen) and of many chemical compounds. Scheele was trained as an apothecary, at a time when they made most of their own drugs and had available a range of minerals, plants and simple equipment for chemical operations. He had a passion for chemical experimentation which is probably unsurpassed, but he was unluc…
B. September 10, 1890 D. November 14, 1973 Birthplace: Rome, Italy Awards: Neiman Marcus Award, 1940 Hommage ? Elsa Schiaparelli , Pavillion des Arts, Paris, 1984 Fashion and Surrealism , Fashion Institute of Technology, and Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1987?1988 Schiapperelli experimented with art and wit to create outrageously fun clothes which captured the fascination with fantasy of th…
(1903-1989) New York Post As the owner and publisher of the New York Post newspaper from 1939 to 1976, Dorothy Schiff transcended her reputation as a Manhattan socialite to steer the creaky Post back to a level of profitability it had not seen since its founding by Alexander Hamilton in 1801. Changing the newspaper to tabloid format, and filling its pages with the gossip and scandal of which she…
[ shliy den] (1804?81) German botanist: a founder of cell theory. Schleiden studied law in Heidelberg and practised it in his birthplace, Hamburg; but his interest in botany grew and he studied it at three universities, graduating at Jena in 1831. He lectured on botany there from 1839, and became a private teacher of botany after 1864. He was a skilful microscopist, and from about 1840 good compou…
Elizabeth Bancroft Schlesinger was born in Columbus, Ohio, on July 3, 1886, to Arthur Bancroft, a newspaperman, and Clara Weilnman Bancroft. She attended Ohio State University, sometimes teaching in a one-room country school to get money for college. She graduated in 1910 and taught high school in Kalamazoo, Michigan. In 1914 she married Arthur M. Schlesinger, who eventually became a noted Harvard…
PHRED PETERSEN RMIT University Schlieren and shadowgraph photography are related methods of imaging that reveal localized changes of refractive index found in transparent media, including gases, liquids, and solids. These gradients may be static, such as irregularities seen in glass, or dynamic, such as those induced by pressure, density, composition, or temperature gradients in fluids. Both meth…
[shmit] (1879?1935) Estonian?German optical engineer: designer of a novel telescope system. As a young man, Schmidt had several dull jobs before he took a course in engineering and set up his own workshop to build telescopes. He ground and polished the mirrors unaided, despite having lost his right arm in an accident with explosives. From 1926 he worked with the Hamburg Observatory staff; he was a…
[shmit] (1929? ) Dutch?US astronomer: explained optical spectra of quasars as due to their relativistic velocities. Schmidt studied at the universities of Groningen and Leiden, moving to the California Institute of Technology in 1959. He became director of the Hale Observatories in 1978. Following the identification of a quasar with a faint optical object with a highly unusual spectrum in 1960 by …
Since the beginning of professional photography as a trade, one of the greatest photographic opportunities has been the photography of schoolchildren, which was originally done to provide the school with a pictorial history of its students and their activities. Photographs were often made by the local professional photographer and the prints were then sold to the school for use in their archives. …
Born March 26, 1954, in Pensacola, FL; daughter of an atomic physicist/astrophysicist and microbiologist; married Richard Schori (a theoretical mathematician), 1979; children: Katharine Johanna. Education: Stanford University, B.S., 1974; Oregon State University, M.S., 1977, Ph.D., 1983; Church Divinity School of the Pacific, M.Div., 1994. Addresses: Office ?c/o Episcopal Church Center, 815 Second…
[ shroe dinger] (1887?1961) Austrian physicist: the founder of wave mechanics. Schr?dinger was the son of a prosperous oilcloth manufacturer; he was educated by a private tutor and by his father before going to the University of Vienna. After his doctorate in physics in 1910 he joined the staff there. During the First World War he served as an artillery officer in an isolated fort, which gave him …
Born Isaac Liev Schreiber, October 4, 1967, in San Francisco, CA; son of Tell (an actor and director) and Heather (a painter and cab driver; maiden name, Milgram) Schreiber; children: Alexander Pete (with Naomi Watts). Education: Attended Hampshire College, mid-1980s; attended Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, London, England; Yale University School of Drama, M.F.A., 1992. Addresses: Agent ?Steve Don…
[ shree fer] (1931? ) US physicist: contributor to the BCS theory of super-conductivity. After studying electrical engineering and physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Illinois, Schrieffer started working for his PhD under . Initially he worked on electrical conduction on semiconductor surfaces, but moved to superconductivity as his thesis topic. A close and fruit…
(1953-) Starbucks Corporation Howard Schultz is not a household name to most North Americans, but those living in urban or suburban communities know his company: the specialty-coffee retailer Starbucks. In the span of a decade, Starbucks has grown into the largest coffee roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in North America. As the millennium approaches, Schultz?s company is busy establishin…
SCHULTZ, MICHAEL (1938?). Director. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and attended the University of Wisconsin, Marquette University, and Princeton University, where he directed his first stage play in 1966. He joined the Negro Ensemble Company in 1968 and directed To Be Young, Gifted and Black for television in 1971. His early film projects include Honeybaby, Honeybaby , 1974, and Cooley High …
(1941-) Best Buy Co., Inc. Richard M. Schulze revolutionized the marketing of electronics by introducing the superstore concept to the field. He began with a single audio store and expanded it to a nationwide consumer electronics chain, Best Buy. He has continued to reinvent the store?s product line and expand the number of outlets to boost sales. In 1998 Best Buy was the top retailer of consume…
(1937-) Charles Schwab Corporation After Charles Schwab?s struggling investment firm took part in the Securities and Exchange Commission?s (SEC) 1975 experiment to eliminate fixed rates on securities trades, Charles Schwab and Company became the largest discount brokerage firm in the United States. His brokers were paid salaries rather than commissions, and clients paid fees instead of commissio…
[sch vah buh] (1789?1875) German astronomer: discovered the sunspot cycle. Schwabe studied pharmacy in Berlin but, although he took over his mother?s pharmacy business, his real enthusiasm was in astronomy. When he was 40 he sold the business and expanded to full time his interest in astronomy. From 1826 he had observed the Sun, projecting its image from a small (2 inch/5 cm) telescope, in an effo…
[shvahn] (1810?82) German physiologist: the major figure in the creation of cell theory in biology. Schwann went to school in Cologne and then studied medicine, graduating in Berlin in 1834. He stayed there as assistant to for 4 years, when most of his best work was done. Early in this period he studied digestion, and isolated from the stomach lining the proteolytic enzyme pepsin; it was the first…
(1915? ) French mathematician. Schwartz was educated at the ?cole Normale Sup?rieure and the Faculty of Science in Paris. Later he became a professor at Nancy. He was awarded the Fields Medal for mathematics in 1950 for major contributions to functional analysis. Increasingly, mathematical physicists had needed to use the Dirac delta function d(x) to perform calculations with properties such as ma…
(1836-1911) F.A.O. Schwarz It could be said that Frederick A.O. Schwarz, founder of the F.A.O. Schwarz toy store, lived the immigrant fairy tale that most 19th-century newcomers dreamt of when they came to the United States. An entrepreneur who started working at age 14 in his homeland, Schwarz became hugely successful in his adopted country, establishing what would become America?s most famous …
Born Olga Maria Elisabeth Frederike Schwarzkopf, December 9, 1915, in Jarotschin, Germany; died August 3, 2006, in Schruns, Austria. Opera singer. German lyric soprano Elisabeth Schwarzkopf enjoyed a stellar career in opera for several decades, but in later years her legacy was overshadowed by charges that she had been a Nazi sympathizer in the 1930s and ?40s. Nevertheless Schwarzkopf was renowned…
[ shvah?ts -shilt] (1873?1916) German astronomer: predicted existence of black holes. Schwarzschild became interested in astronomy as a schoolboy and published papers on binary orbits at 16. He became director of the Potsdam observatory in 1909. Although an excellent observational astronomer who made great advances in photographic methods, Schwarzschild?s lasting contributions are theoretical and …
[ shwing ger] (1918?94) US physicist: one of the founders of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Schwinger was a graduate of Columbia University, New York, gaining his doctorate at age 20. Research with at the University of California at Berkeley followed and he joined the work on the atomic bomb during 1943?5. In 1946 he became one of Harvard?s youngest-ever professors. As a talented 18-year-old, he h…
MICHAEL R. PERES Rochester Institute of Technology DAVID MALIN Anglo-Australian Observatory; RMIT University Since its invention, photography has been recognized as both an art and a science, linked by the technology through which its images are captured and then preserved. It is natural that aspects of these three components, in varying degrees, would be evident in photographic images. The ex…
MASAHIRO TAKATSUKA, PH.D. The University of Sydney Visualization is the process of transforming data into some sort of graphical representation. The data visualized may be real numbers, abstract theoretical quantities or relationships, or may reflect a series, a gradation, or a change in some quantity with respect to others. These datasets are often thought of as image information. The visualiza…
Anne Firor Scott was born on April 24, 1921, in Montezuma, Georgia, of German, Scotch-Irish, English, and Polish ancestry. Her father was a college professor, her mother a full-time homemaker. Her parents lost their savings in a bank failure the year she was born, and they had difficulty paying the doctor who delivered her at home. Since she was born nine months after the suffrage amendment was pa…
Born in Brooklyn, New York, on December 18, 1941, Joan Wallach Scott was the daughter of two high school teachers. She knew early in life that she wanted to be a historian. Scott attended Brandeis University as an undergraduate, earning a bachelor?s degree magna cum laude in 1962. She continued her studies at the University of Wisconsin, where she earned a Ph.D. in 1969. Scott?s first academic app…
SCOTT, LARRY B. (1961?). Actor. This New York City-born actor began his career as a teenager in A Hero Ain?t Nothin? But a Sandwich , 1978. He is perhaps best remembered as Tri-Lam Lamar Latrell in the Revenge of the Nerds I-IV , series of films. Other notable appearances include Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry , 1978; One in a Million: The Ron LeFlore Story , 1978; and Fear of a Black Hat , 1994. Fi…
Roland Boyd Scott, a major researcher into the causes and treatment of sickle cell anemia, devoted his life to advocacy for victims of this disease. An allergist by training, Scott became an advocate for children with sickle cell disease after seeing many children with symptoms of the disease admitted to the Howard University Hospital. Scott started the Center for Sickle Cell Disease in 1972 funde…
Aprominent entrepreneur and inventor, Samuel R. Scottron was an important member of Brooklyn?s elite black community. From the 1870s through 1894, he concentrated on inventions and secured a number of patents for items that led to his becoming a wealthy man. A Republican, Scottron was prominent in political circles in the borough. He became the first African American member of Brooklyn?s board of …
(1912?99) US nuclear chemist: discoverer of transuranic elements of the actinide series. After he obtained his PhD in chemistry at the University of California at Berkeley, in 1937, Seaborg worked with , joined the staff and became professor of chemistry in 1945. He was to be linked with the University of California for the rest of his career, with absences on government work during the Second Wor…
Clara Endicott Sears was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1863, to Knyvet Winthrop and Mary Crowninshield (Peabody) Sears. She went to private schools in Boston and was tutored privately in Europe. She became interested in colonial history and the preservation of houses of historical interest. In 1912?13 she bought and restored ?Fruitlands,? home of Bronson Alcott in Harvard, Massach…
(1863-1914) Sears, Roebuck and Company Along with his partner A.C. Roebuck, Richard Warren Sears founded the first large-scale mail-order business and one of the world?s largest retail stores. The company?s extensive catalog eventually became a fixture in American homes and changed the way people shopped. It also helped foster the growth of the mail-order industry worldwide. Richard Sears was bo…
Richard Warren Sears, one of the pioneers of mail order, contributed to the fashion industry by introducing new strategies for marketing apparel. He entered into the mail order business in 1886 when he founded the R.W. Sears Watch Company in North Redwood, Minnesota. As the middleman between watchmakers and the railroad station managers who sold the watches, Sears concentrated on low profit margin…
GREEK BELIEFS. Ancient Egypt?s neighbors in Greece wrote of their belief that Egyptian priests and magicians possessed secret knowledge. Greek belief in Egyptian secret knowledge is one strand of Greek philosophy that contributed to the modern belief that the Egyptians perfected mysticism, astrology, and magic.Because of this Greek belief, a wide variety of modern truth seekers have looked to the…
(ABC, 2/20/1977, 120 mins). An unhappily married woman (Susan Blakely) succumbs to her sexual fantasies and becomes compulsively promiscuous in a desperate attempt to find the ?secret? of happiness that her mother had convinced her was hers. Production Company The Jozak Company. Director Paul Wendkos. Executive Producer Gerald I. Isenberg. Producer Gerald W. Abrams. Teleplay James Henerson. Photog…
Definition: Security issues in wireless video systems include viruses, malicious attacks, and denial of service . Video has been or is expected to be widely used by mobile devices and transmitted over wireless networks such as cellular networks for mobile phones and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) for eHomes. Wireless video services include video downloading, streaming, and conferencing. User…
Ragtime was the first African American music to catch on, and it could be considered America?s first nationwide musical craze. During its prime from 1899 to 1915, ragtime?s popularity was measured not in record sales (the recording industry was still in its infancy), but in sheet music sales. During an era that was long before radio, the main form of family musical entertainment centered on the pi…
Sedes sapientiae (?Throne? or ?Seat? of ?*Wisdom?) refers specifically to solemn and majestic images of the *Madonna and Child, particularly the smallish, free-standing, wood sculptures or cult statues frequently produced in western Europe from the tenth century onward and especially during the Romanesque period. Often covered with thin sheets of gold or silver, decorated with gemstones, or painte…
(1785?1873) British geologist: identified the Cambrian period. After graduating in mathematics in 1808, Sedgwick remained at Cambridge for the rest of his life, being appointed professor of geology in 1818. In 1835 he worked out the stratigraphic succession of fossil-bearing rocks in North Wales, naming the oldest of them the Cambrian period (now dated at 500?570 million years ago). In South Wales…
(CBS, 2/1/1978, 120 mins). Joanne Woodward won an Emmy Award for her performance as a middle-aged housewife and mother (one of her fictional daughters was played by real-life daughter Lissy Newman) who, after spending a lifetime giving to others, decides to claim a piece for herself and enters the grueling 26-mile Boston marathon as an obsessive means of self expression. Composer Jimmie Haskell al…
[ zay bek] (1770?1831) Estonian?German physicist: discovered the thermoelectric effect. A member of a wealthy merchant family, Seebeck went to Germany to study medicine. He qualified in 1802 but thereafter spent his time in research in physics. His best-known work was done in Berlin in 1822, when he showed that, if a circuit is made of a loop of two metals with two junctions, then when the junctio…
Definition: Various coding schemes employ segmentation for different purposes, such as for extracting image regions in order to subsequently approximate the contours and image characteristics of those regions, or for object-based coding . Segmentation is an important tool for image and video coding applications. Various coding schemes employ segmentation for different purposes, such as for extract…
Definition: Objective segmentation evaluation includes both standalone evaluation methods, which do not make use of reference segmentation, and relative evaluation methods employing ground truth . The plethora of image and video segmentation techniques in the literature and their wide use in a variety of applications makes increasingly important the need for the objective evaluation of segmentatio…
Vasileios Mezaris 1,2 , Ioannis Kompatsiaris 2 and Michael G. Strintzis 1,2 1 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece Definition: Segmentation is the process of partitioning a piece of information into meaningful elementary parts termed segments . Considering still images,…
[ seg ray] (1905?89) Italian?US physicist: discovered the antiproton. Segr? attended school and became a university student of engineering in his home city of Rome. Then in 1927 he changed over to physics and became the first research student to work with , obtaining his doctorate at Rome in 1928. He rose to hold a laboratory directorship in Palermo, but was dismissed for racial reasons by the Fas…
MARK OSTERMAN George Eastman House and International Museum of Photography and Film Joseph Nic?phore Ni?pce has been credited with creating the first photograph, titled ?View from the Window at Le Gras.? It was taken in 1826 in Saint-Loup-de-Varennes, France. This picture, a heliograph on pewter, was made using a camera obscura. After an exposure of at least 8 hours, the camera obscura created a…
The conversion to sound and the ordeal of the Depression left the star system firmly in the grip of the producers. As Alexander Walker put it, ?the star system in the 1930s gradually took on the reality, if not the appearance, of a star serfdom. Glamour was its camouflage and fame its dazzling illusion. But behind the grandeur of being a movie star in these years lay all the gradations of servitud…
Definition: Semantic agents belong to intelligent agents, which is a software program that exhibits a goal oriented behavior, interacts with distributed entities ? including media and other agents ? and attempts to satisfy user-specified requirements . Agent-oriented programming and Agent Communication Languages (ACL) are now relatively well understood and documented. Key to all ACL?s ? and all ag…
Definition: In a unique Class Relative Indexing (CRI) scheme, image classification is a means to compute inter-class semantic image indexes for similarity-based matching and retrieval . A natural and useful insight is to formulate image retrieval as a classification problem. In very general terms, the goal of image retrieval is to return images of a class C that the user has in mind based on a set…
Definition: Using Semantic Support Regions, the indexing process automatically detects the layout and applies the right tessellation template. As a structured learning approach to represent and index consumer images with Semantic Support Regions (SSRs) (see article on Semantic Image Representation and Indexing), 26 SSRs have been designed and organized into 8 super-classes (Figure 1) from a collec…
Joo-Hwee Lim Institute for Info cotmm Research, Singapore Definition: Besides low-level visual features, such as color, texture, and shapes, high-level semantic information is useful and effective in image retrieval and indexing. Low-level visual features such as color, texture, and shapes can be easily extracted from images to represent and index image content. However, they are not completely …
Definition: Semantic information is useful and effective in medical image retrieval and indexing. Medical images are an integral part in medical diagnosis, research, and teaching. Medical image analysis research has focused on image registration, measurement, and visualization. Besides being valuable for medical research and training, medical image retrieval systems can assist doctors in diagnosis…
Definition: As an alternative to content based queries, semantic visual queries, such as Query by Spatial Icons, allow user to specify visual semantics explicitly based on a predefined visual vocabulary used to index the images. Searching images by text queries is effective if the images are associated with comprehensive keywords. Query By Example (QBE) and Query Canvas (QBC) allow image retrieval…
Schahram Dustdar Technical University of Vienna, Austria Ben Falchuk Telcordia Technologies, NJ, USA Definition: The Semantic Web, in particular the W3C Ontology Web Language (OWL) Recommendation, provides powerful new use-cases for information retrieval, searching, and manipulation. For the most part, today?s World-Wide Web provides the mechanisms for interactions between human users, web ser…
Definition: The W3C Semantic Web initiative introduces new Web Services which include appropriate service description mechanisms. Web Services promise a new level of service on top of the current web. However, in order to employ their full potential, appropriate service description mechanisms need to be developed. The W3C Semantic Web initiative intends to overcome these problems by introducing ne…
Definition: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) began their semantic web activities in 2001 by introducing several semantic standards and recommendations, including Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL) recommendations. Beginning mostly in the late 1990?s, researchers began to focus on making their semantic tools? syntaxes and semantics compatible with Internet techn…
Definition: To realize potential of the Semantic Web, scientists and information technologists must forge new models of cooperation and new thinking must go into the funding and dissemination of this next generation of scientific tools on the Web . As modern science grows in complexity and scope, the need for more collaboration between scientists at different institutions, in different areas, and …
Definition: Semiotics, or semiology, is the discipline that studies systems of signs. One of the precursors of semiotic was a debate, around 300BC, between the Stoics and the Epicureans about the difference between ?natural signs? (freely occurring in nature, such as the signs of a disease that were, for the Stoics, the quintessential signs), and ?conventional? signs (those designed for the purpos…
[ zem elviys] (1818?65) Hungarian physician: pioneer in treatment of sepsis. Semmelweis graduated in medicine in Vienna in 1844 and stayed there to specialize in obstetrics, working under J Klein in the General Hospital?s obstetric wards. There 10?30% of the women died from puerperal (childbirth) fever. Semmelweis studied the records and found that, in the clinic staffed by medical students, the m…
SENECA, JOE (1919?1996). Actor. He was born in Cleveland , Ohio , and started his entertainment career as a singer and songwriter, working the New York City supper clubs with the vocal group The Three Riffs. His notable film roles include The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh , 1979; Crossroads , 1986; and A Time to Kill , 1996. He appeared in the telefilms Wilma , 1977; Solomon Northup?s Odyssey , 1984;…
Senenmut was the son of Ramose and Hatnofer, who were commoners. Several of his earliest titles link him to the town of Armant, perhaps his birthplace. His career probably began in the reign of Thutmose II (1481?1479 B.C.E. ) when he became the tutor of Princess Neferure, daughter of the king and his chief wife, Hatshepsut. When Thutmose II died, he was succeeded by his son Thutmose III,a child. O…
Title: Senenmut, Son of Ramose Early Dynasty 18(reign of Hatshepsut,1478?1458B.C.E.) Government Official Architect Senenmut was probably born in Armant, a town north of modern Luxor. His parents, Ramose and Hatnofer, were commoners, so it is unclear how Senenmut joined the upper administration. He may first have achieved recognition as a scribe since he became tutor to the royal princess Neferur…
(CBS, 3/22/1974, 90 mins). High school in the 1950s as seen through the eyes of five carefree seniors is depicted in this pilot to the short lived series ?Sons and Daughters? (September- November 1974) with much of the same cast. Production Company Universal Television. Director Richard Donner. Producer David Levinson. Teleplay M. Charles Cohen. Photography Jack Woolf. Music James DiPasquale. Edit…
Principal social theme: racism/civil rights Republic/New Liberty. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Sidney Poitier, Burt Lancaster, Richard Kiley, Cleavon Little, Gloria Foster, Ed Hall, Lynne Thigpen, Henderson Forsythe, Thomas Hollis, Randle Mell, Hallie Foote, Mark Hammer, Jack Rothman, Mike Nussbaum, Albert Hall. Written by George Stevens Jr. Cinematography by Nic Knowland. Edited by John W. Wheeler.…
(NBC, 8/21/1978, 120 mins). A strong drama based on the true story of an Air Force sergeant?s fight to stay in the service after admitting his homosexuality. Brad Dourif has the lead. Production Company Tomorrow Entertainment. Director Paul Leaf. Executive Producer Thomas W. Moore. Producer Paul Leaf. Teleplay John McGreevey. Photography Mario Tosi. Music Teo Macero. Editor Thomas Stanford. Art Di…
(NBC, 4/24/1976, 120 mins). This was the pilot for the 1976-77 ?Serpico? series with David Birney, in the role originated on the screen by Al Pacino, as the New York undercover cop battling corruption in and out of the department. Based on the 1973 book by Peter Maas. Production Companies Emmet G. Lavery Jr. Productions, Paramount Network Television. Director Robert Collins. Producer Emmet G. Lave…
(NBC, 1/8/1973, 120 mins). After serving seven years for manslaughter, a man (Chuck Connors) returns home to run for mayor following the disclosure that the local newspaper editor, whose eyewitness testimony had put him behind bars, now has second thoughts and the town drunk now has confessed to the crime. Filmed in 1969 as ?The Profane Comedy? (its once and future title), it gathered dust in a Un…
Late Dynasty18(1316?B.C.E.?1279B.C.E.) King Patron of Architecture Sety I was the second king of Dynasty 19. He ruled from 1290 B.C.E. to 1279 B.C.E. His father was Ramesses I, the founder of the dynasty. His son was Ramesses II, who was even more famous than his father as a builder. Sety?s reign is important to the history of Egyptian architecture, however, because the model of the Heliopolis t…
The areas of secular education considered ?liberal? have their foundation in classical antiquity and were codified in the medieval period into a distinct set of seven, with two subdivisions. The upper division, the quadrivium , consists of Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy, and Music; while the lower division, or trivium , is made up of Grammar, Logic (or Dialectic), and Rhetoric. Numerous early med…
he English term sacrament derives from the Latin sacramentum (?signs?). The sacraments of the Christian church are foundational and significant actions or rituals in which believers participate to confirm faith. The ceremonies are understood to be outward, material signs of invisible realities and were developed in the early Christian period, partially mirroring certain actions and teachings of Je…
(NBC, 2/10/1977 to 2/24/1977, 3 Parts, 120 mins each, 6 hours). The third in NBC?s ?Best Seller? series, this three-part, six hour serialization of Norman Bogner?s 1967 novel about a poor young man from New York?s lower East Side who becomes a power in the garment industry in the post Depression era won Emmy Award nominations for Steven Keats and Dori Brenner. Production Company Universal Televisi…
(NBC, 9/13/1977, 120 mins). A whimsical tale of how success can ruin a good marriage which is thrown into turmoil when the wife achieves sudden fame after publication of her book on her neighbors? sex lives. Production Company Universal Television. Director Jack Arnold. Executive Producer George Santoro. Producer Jack Arnold. Teleplay Michael Norell. Photography Ben Colman. Music Gerald Fried. Edi…
(CBS, 9/19/1979, 120 mins). Two attractive divorcees find that their newly realized independence continues to be guided by their respective parental obligations in this romantic comedy directed by Jackie Cooper, from the 1978 book by Jane Adams. Production Company Time Life Television. Director Jackie Cooper. Executive Producers David Susskind, Philip Mandelker. Producers Freyda Rothstein, Stan Ka…
Flora Warren Seymour was born in 1888 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Charles Payne and Eleanor De Forest (Potter) Smith. She attended George Washington University and received a B.A. in 1906. She edited Quest magazine from 1908 to 1912 and was associate editor of the Woman Lawyer?s Journal in 1918. She studied law, receiving an LL.B. from the Washington College of Law in 1915 and an LL.M. from the Kent Co…
(ABC, 12/4/1968, 120 mins). A provocative attempt to show America under the grip of a totalitarian government and a secret underground force battling an iron fisted dictator. Former child star Jackie Cooper returned to acting in this one after many years as a television executive, producer and director. Gene Hackman, on the other hand, made one of his last TV acting appearances before hitting the …
William Shakespeare was baptized on 26 April 1564 at Trinity Church Stratford-upon-Avon and was buried there on 25 April 1616 (his birth and death are often conjectured to be on 23 April, appropriate for a national poet, as it is St. George?s or Red Cross Knight?s Day). He was the son of John Shakespeare, a tradesman who married well into the minor gentry, to Mary Arden, mother of William, and bec…
SHAKUR, TUPAC (1971?1996). Rapper, actor. He was born Tupac Amaru Shakur in New York City and moved with his family to Baltimore, Maryland, at age 15, where he wrote his first rap. He enrolled in a school of the arts to study ballet and acting until the family relocated to Marine City, California. He joined the rap group Digital Underground in 1990 as a roadie, dancer, and rapper, and released his…
(1885?1972) US astronomer: discovered structure of our Galaxy. The son of a farmer, Shapley was a teenage crime reporter on two newspapers before entering the University of Missouri, intending to study journalism; he soon changed to astronomy. In 1915, using ?Cepheid variable? method of estimating stellar distances, Shapley was able to provide the first reasonable picture of the structure and size…
Definition: The Advanced Distributed Learning (ADD initiative introduced the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) standard, which is intended for multimedia presentations in distance learning applications. Distance Learning is an important application of multimedia technology. Usually, multimedia presentations contain instructional materials that can be delivered on the Internet and pre…
As an outspoken activist in the fight against racism, Al Sharpton has been as widely loved as he has been reviled. Unveiling the injustices of the American justice system, opposing police brutality, and criticizing the staggering disparity between the poor and the rich was not easy. In addition to having his activism characterized as disingenuous, Sharpton?s finances as well as his business and fr…
SHAW, STAN (1952?). Actor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and was a karate and ju jitsu instructor before becoming an actor. With his fighting skills, he has played a professional fighter in many films, including Snake Eyes , 1998; Tough Enough , 1983; and Harlem Nights , 1989. He also portrayed boxing champion Joe Lewis in the telemovie The Court-Martial of Jackie Robinson , 1990. He began his…
Shawn Damian Hornbeck was born in 1991 in Missouri. He made headlines following his diappearance in October of 2002, at the age of 11. His parents reported him missing after he failed to return home from a bike ride. The boy was found alive in 2007. The police believe Hornbeck was kidnapped and continually brutalized by Michael J. Devlin, a pizza delivery-man and worker in a funeral home. During t…
(ABC, 9/12/1973, 90 mins). Two lonely college students meet through a newspaper ad and share an idyllic love until the girl discovers she has a terminal illness, and the couple begin a frantic search to find a doctor, researcher or anyone who can help them. Based on Paul Neimark?s 1972 novel. Production Company ABC Circle Films. Director Stuart R. Hagmann. Executive Producer Lawrence Turman. Produ…
(NBC, 12/10/1979, 120 mins). Eleanor Parker, in the best Tallulah Bankhead style, is a once reigning fashion designer who assembles a group of her top models, a fashion photographer, several critics, and her best customers at her mountaintop retreat for a comeback gala, only to have someone start bumping off the guests one by one. Subsequently this was titled ?Someone?s Killing the World?s Greates…
(CBS, 5/9/1975, 90 mins). A heist romp that has a convicted con man risking another prison term by setting out in Robin Hood style to fleece the crooked head of a big charity fund who has been diverting the money to cover gambling losses. This ?Sting? carbon, spurred by the enormous success of the Newman Redford movie, turned out to be an unsuccessful pilot for a series with singer John Davidson. …
Shepherds and sheep feature frequently in early Christian and medieval art in a variety of contexts, both narrative and symbolic. Sheep are often mentioned in the Bible, and their importance (for sacrifice, food, and wool) is emphasized throughout the Old Testament. Among the many figures associated with sheep in the Old Testament (and who may be recognizable in their portrayals as shepherds) are …
(NBC, 10/18/1976, 120 mins). There is an affectionate bow to Conan Doyle?s master sleuth in this lavishly produced original that has Holmes rushing to New York City after discovering that his old nemesis, Moriarty, not only has kidnapped the son of his (Holmes?) longtime love, actress Irene Adler, but also has hatched a scheme to steal the world?s gold supply, squirreled away under Union Square in…
(1857?1952) British neurophysiologist: made important studies of the nervous system. A Cambridge graduate in medicine, Sherrington studied also in Germany under , researched in bacteriology and afterwards taught physiology at London and Liverpool, and at Oxford from 1913?35. He was a sports enthusiast, including Sunday-morning parachute jumps (from the tower of a London hospital) among his many ac…
A shock wave is one way that gas in a supersonic flow can be compressed. Other methods include Prandtl-Meyer compressions and isentropic compressions. How a gas is compressed determines the results in different temperatures for a pressure ratio. The different temperatures can be calculated, for a non-reacting gas, analytically. A shock wave compression culminates in the loss of total pressure whic…
(1910?89) US physicist: invented the junction transistor. The son of two American mining engineers, and born in London, Shockley was educated at the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He began work at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1936, directed US anti-submarine warfare research (1942?4) and served as consultant to the secretary for war in 1945. Aft…
Although Arthur Davis Shores began his career as an educator, it was his talent as a lawyer that skyrocketed him to fame. His significant achievements included his appointment as the first African American elected to the Birmingham, Alabama city council, providing legal assistance to Vivian Malone and James Hood in their efforts to integrate the University of Alabama, and numerous other cases duri…
The special connection between brothers and sisters, whether supportive or antagonistic, has often been explored in modern drama, from the realism of Anton Chekhov to the mythic symbolism of Sam Shepard. Changing social conditions in the twentieth century impacted family structures, and sibling relationships were undoubtedly affected to some degree. Social and political upheaval, periods of intens…
A sibyl is a female prophet, for example, a priestess of Apollo from the pre-Christian period. Early Christian and medieval theologians identified twelve sibyls of the ancient world whom they cited as having predicted the coming of *Christ. These classical sibyls thus provided the pagan or Gentile counterparts to the twelve major Jewish *prophets in announcing the coming Messiah, as well as the co…
(1873?1952) British theoretical chemist: systematizer of valence theory. Sidgwick maintained a family tradition for intellectual virtuosity by getting a First in science at Oxford and then another First in classics 2 years later, a feat which has probably proved unrepeatable. After further study in Germany he took a post in Oxford in 1901 and kept it for his lifetime. He was an odd person in sever…
Although he wrote poetry and was intimately involved with the affairs of his age, Robert Sidney is better known for his relatives than for his own accomplishments. Brother to Philip Sidney,* the renowned writer and courtier, and Mary Sidney Herbert, the writer, patron, and editor, Sidney was also the father to Mary Wroth,* who wrote a prose romance, sonnet sequence, and play during the seventeenth…
Sidney?s life and accomplishments were the stuff of myth and legend even in his own time, and often it is difficult to separate them. He was born at Penshurst, Kent, on 30 November, the eldest son of two distinguished families, of Henry Sidney and Mary Dudley Sidney. His father?s family had, for several generations, been personal servants to the kings of England, and Henry Sidney had been elevated…
(CBS, 4/26/1978, 120 mins). A drama about a community of senior citizens who are terrorized by a ruthless neighborhood gang. After learning that the police are stymied because the victims are too scared to testify against the bullying leader, the semi retired toolmaker (Martin Balsam) decides to take a stand. Production Company Titus Productions. Director Richard Pearce. Executive Producer Herbert…
[ zee muhns] (1816?92) German electrical engineer: developed electricity generation through application of the ?dynamo principle?. Siemens was the eldest of the four Siemens brothers and was educated at L?beck, and later at the army engineering school in Berlin, where he was imprisoned for duelling. His interests were wide-ranging ? electroplating, discharge tubes to generate ozone, a standard of …
Principal social themes: suicide/depression, disabilities Columbia. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Susan Peters, Alexander Knox, Phyllis Thaxter, Peggy Ann Garner, Ron Randell, Allene Roberts, Ross Ford, Diana Douglas, Margaret Tracy, Paul Scardon, Gerald Hammer, Doris Lloyd, Dame May Witty. Written by Charles Bennett based on the novel by Margaret Ferguson. Cinematography by Burnett Guffey. Edited by…
SILENT FILMS. At the birth of motion pictures in the late 1890s, this exciting new technology was relegated to a pure visual experience. Later, title cards with the actor?s lines and pertinent story information were spliced in between the images to move the plot forward while live piano or organ music accompanied this neoteric form of entertainment. The first filmed images of African Americans wer…
(NBC, 12/16/1969, 120 mins). During the Christmas holidays, a brief interlude is shared by two lonely people in a New England college town he?s there to visit his wife, a mental patient there; she?s there visiting her son after discovering her husband?s infidelity. On Broadway in 1959, in the play by Robert Anderson, the roles were taken by Henry Fonda and Barbara Bel Geddes. Filmed on location in…
(CBS, 2/24/1979, 120 mins). The real life account of a deaf girl who overcomes her handicap to become one of Hollywood?s top stunt-women and holder of the women?s world land speed record in a rocket-powered racing car. Colleen Dewhurst was Emmy Award nominated as Outstanding Supporting Actress, and Lou Antonio was nominated as Outstanding Director. Production Company The Channing Debin Locke Compa…
MATTHIAS SCHELLENBERG, (ING. CHEM. ETHZ) RETIRED Ilford Imaging Switzerland GmbH ERNST RIOLO Ilford Imaging Switzerland GmbH HARTMUT BLAUE Ilford Imaging Switzerland GmbH Color photographic systems are based in general on the subtractive principle, where the image dyes absorb the complementary color of the white light. Almost all of the commercially available color films and papers are based…
ALAN HODGSON, PH.D. Alan Hodgson Consulting Many light-sensitive substances are known to exist with a wide variation in their sensitivity characteristics. More than 2000 years ago the Phoenicians of the city of Tyre found that the pale yellow slime of the Purpura snail turned purple when exposed to air and light. Although not used in any photographic sense, this process was used to produce the r…
SILVERA, FRANK (1914?1970). Actor. He was born in Kingston, Jamaica, but raised in Boston, Massachusetts, and became an actor and stage director during the Harlem Renaissance. He began his stage career with the American Negro Theater in Harlem, and was also involved with the famed Actor?s Studio. His light complexion allowed him to play non ethnic roles. His television guest appearances include Bo…
Definition: SIMD processing, in which single instruction is applied on multiple data, is suitable for multimedia processing, and therefore it is implemented in contemporary processors. Single instruction multiple data (SIMD), as the name suggests, takes an operation specified in one instruction and applies it to more than one set of data elements at the same time. For example, in a traditional sca…
(1926-) Melvin Simon and Associates and the Indiana Pacers The son of a New York tailor, Melvin Simon became one of the preeminent commercial real estate developers in the Midwest. Together with his brother Herbert, the ?Marx Brothers of malls? made their fortune covering America?s heartland with unpretentious shopping centers. Melvin Simon expanded his portfolio to include movie production an…
SIMPSON, O. J. (1949?). Football player, athlete, actor. He was born as Orenthal James Simpson in San Francisco, California. Simpson became a football star at the University of Southern California and was awarded the prestigious Heisman Trophy in 1968. He gained a record setting 2,000 yards rushing during the 1973 season with the Buffalo Bills, and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame i…
(1710?61) British mathematician: contributed to calculus. Simpson?s life involved a series of strange episodes, but his total contribution to 18th-c mathematics is substantial. Growing up in the weaving trade in the Midlands, he married at 20 a widow of 40 (who outlived him, and drew a Crown pension for his work until her death at 102). After seeing a solar eclipse Simpson became obsessed by astro…
SINCLAIR, MADGE (1938?1995). Actress. This island girl from Kingston, Jamaica, married young, raised her family, and taught school until she was 30. She moved to New York City and did some modeling while she pursued an acting career. Sinclair acted with the New York Shakespearean Festival and at Joseph Papp?s Public Theater before making her television debut in The Witches of Salem: The Horror and…
Born Bryan Jay Singer, September 17, 1965, in New York, NY; son of Norbert (a businessman) and Grace (an environmental activist) Singer. Education: Graduated from the University of Southern California School of Cinema-Television, 1989. Addresses: Agent ?William Morris Agency, 151 El Camino Dr., Beverly Hills, CA 90212. Office ?Bad Hat Harry Productions, Inc., 150 South Rodeo Dr., 3rd Fl., Beverly …
(1811-1875) Singer Manufacturing Company Isaac Merrit Singer revolutionized home sewing when he developed the first practical domestic sewing machine. In partnership with Edward Clark, Singer founded the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. He also pioneered consumer credit plans, which later became a common practice by manufacturers and retailers in order to boost their sales. …
The so-called father of the black exodus, as Benjamin ?Pap? Singleton called himself, was a former slave and grassroots leader who facilitated the migration of other former slaves to Kansas and other homesteading sites in the West where they hoped to be free from the racial and economic oppression that they had known in the South. He worked through what he believed was God?s plan for him to help h…
SINGLETON, JOHN (1968?). Filmmaker, screenwriter. A native of Los Angeles, Singleton graduated from the University of California?s Film Writing program and rose to prominence after writing and directing a film version of his growing up in South Central Los Angeles. His film Boyz N the Hood , 1991, was made from his thesis screenplay and produced by Columbia Pictures. His hardcore urban-drama was a…
Born October 29, 1938, in Monrovia, Liberia; married James Sirleaf, c. 1955 (divorced); children: four sons. Education: Madison Business College, BBA (accounting), 1964; University of Colorado, BA (economics), 1970; Harvard University, MPA, 1971. Addresses: Office ?c/o Embassy of Liberia, 5201 16th St. NW, Washington, DC 20011. Worked for the World Bank, 1970s; finance minister of Liberia, 1979?80…
Principal social themes: homelessness/poverty, addiction (heroin), suicide/depression, disabilities Universal. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Leslie Nielsen, Roddy McDowall, Beverly Garland, Gammy Burdell, Joe Maross, Leo Penn, Sharon Thomas, Brad Stephens, Martin St. Judge, Ken Johnson, Bill Erwin, Ancel Cook, Lisa Todd, Phyllis Flax, Edwin Mills, D?Mitch Davis. Written by Chris Cain. Cinematography …
After graduating from beauty school, Robert Greenberg owned and operated several wig stores in the Boston area. Tired of the cold Boston winters, Greenberg left Boston for Los Angeles in 1978 where he opened a roller-skate rental shop. Sunny, warm California was the birthplace of the fitness craze that swept the United States in the late 1970s and early 1980s. People everywhere were becoming more …
A caveat: what little we know of John Skelton?s life often comes from the Scylla and Charybdis of overreading what might be internal evidence in his varied works and accepting apocryphal data that collected around him in alarmingly rapid fashion in his life and afterward in ballads and broadsides and other popular narrative accounts, mostly from the famous jest-books. In several ways, Skelton, pro…
CBS, 3/3/1978, 120 mins). Suspense thriller centering on several people trapped in two derailed ski lift gondolas and facing possible death a couple of ski champions whom a sports promoter is trying to link together romantically, an ex mobster, and a professional assassin who is stalking him. Production Companies The Jozak Company, Paramount Network Television. Director William Wiard. Executive Pr…
Constance Lindsay Skinner was born in Quesnel, British Columbia, to Robert James Skinner, an agent for the Hudson?s Bay Company, and Annie (Lindsay) Skinner on December 7, 1877. She was reared at a fur-trading post in the Peace River area and educated at home. In 1891 the family moved to Vancouver and Constance attended private school. Two years later, she was sent to live with an aunt in Californ…
Kathryn Kish Sklar was born on December 26, 1939, in Columbus, Ohio, of Scotch-Irish ancestry on her mother?s side and Hungarian ancestry on her father?s side. Her parents were small business owners who had their start as grocers. Kathryn attended public schools in Columbus, and counts as her most significant early influence her mother, who ?held together the diverse ingredients required to run a …
(NBC, 5/26/1975, 120 mins). A husband and wife team (Stefanie Powers and Frank Gorshin) devise an ingenious plan to steal $10 million in gold bullion, hijacking a police helicopter as a diversionary tactic. Filmed at Long Beach Airport, Lost Altos Airport, Catalina Island and Burbank Studios. Production Companies Warner Bros. Television, NBC Productions. Director Lee H. Katzin. Executive Producer …
In March 1982, Slater left his post in the attorney general?s office to serve as deputy campaign manager for Clinton?s second gubernatorial campaign. Following the successful campaign, Slater was named special assistant to Governor Clinton in 1983 and was promoted to executive assistant in 1985. In 1987, Slater was hired by Arkansas State University in Jonesboro to serve as the director of governm…
(1768-1835) Entreprenuer A couple of years before Samuel Slater died in 1835, President Andrew Jackson called him the ?Father of American Manufactures.? Slater pioneered the American textile industry by introducing machinery that revolutionized textile production in the United States. Drawing on his memory of machinery in his birth country, England, Slater reconstructed the complicated spinning …
Principal social themes: spouse abuse, women?s rights Twentieth Century Fox. R rating. Featuring: Julia Roberts, Patrick Bergin, Kevin Anderson, Elizabeth Lawrence, Kyle Secor, Claudette Nevins, Tony Abatemarco, Marita Geraghty, Harley Venton, Graham Harrington, Sandi Shackelford, Nancy Fish, Bonnie Cook. Written by Ronald Bass based on the novel by Nancy Price. Cinematography by John W. Lindley. …
Principal social theme: suicide/depression Paramount. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Sidney Poitier, Anne Bancroft, Telly Savalas, Steven Hill, Ed Asner, Indus Arthur, Paul Newlan, Dabney Coleman, H. N. Wynant, Robert Hoy, Marjorie Nelson, Thomas Hill, Janet Dudley, Charlotte Stewart, Viola Harris, and John Napier. Written by Stirling Silliphant based on a magazine article by Shana Alexander. Cinemato…
(1875-1966) General Motors Corp. Alfred P. Sloan Jr. was one of the most influential executives in twentieth century American manufacturing. As chief executive officer, president, and chairman of the board for the automaker General Motors (GM) over several important decades, Sloan was responsible for implementing strategies and practices that helped GM emerge as one of the most successful Americ…
(ABC, 12/3/1976, 120 mins). This drama depicts the lives of an all star cast prior to their involvement in a massive 39 car crash on a Southern California freeway over a holiday weekend. Future star Tommy Lee Jones has a small role as a motorcycle cop. Based on the 1973 novel ?Expressway? by Elleston Trevor. Production Company Filmways. Director John Llewellyn Moxey. Executive Producer Edward S. F…
(1724?92) Pioneer of British civil engineering and of the use of models in engineering science. A youthful enthusiasm for mechanisms led Smeaton to train as an instrument maker and to leave Yorkshire for London, where he opened his own shop and where he could attend meetings of the Royal Society. In the early 1750s he improved the air-pump, and also devised a pyrometer which he used to measure the…
In the early 2000s Tavis Smiley was recognized as an influential broadcast and print journalist, respected political commentator, noted author, highly sought-after speaker, entrepreneur, foundation executive, and philanthropist. He came from humble beginnings, overcame obstacles, and used his considerable influence to positively influence the lives of others through his work in multiple communicat…
Bonnie G. Smith was born on June 30, 1940, in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Her father was a clergyman; her mother was a full-time homemaker. Growing up, she was influenced by her parents? political and social activism. A love of history, an interest in culture and society, and her involvement in the women?s movement provided the impetus for Smith to become a historian. She attended Smith College, earn…
(1860-1931) Binney & Smith In 1885 C. Harold Smith founded a company with his cousin, Edwin Binney. First producing industrial pigments, they gravitated toward educational supplies and developed the world famous Crayola crayon which is used worldwide and is considered by some to be an important piece of Americana. C. Harold Smith was born in London, England in 1860 and lived for a while in New Z…
(1944-) Federal Express Frederick W. Smith took a good idea and made it a reality, creating a company whose logo is recognized around the world. Millions of people every year solve the problem of how to get a letter or package to its destination in a hurry by using Federal Express. Established in 1971, Federal Express has grown from a small shipping company servicing fewer than 25 cities out of …
(1931? ) US molecular biologist: isolated and studied restriction enzymes. Smith graduated in mathematics in 1952, and in medicine in 1956 at Johns Hopkins University, where in 1973 he became professor of microbiology. In the early 1970s he obtained an enzyme from the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (the strain later known as Hind II) that cleaved DNA at specific sites in relation to the sequence…
(1938-) General Motors Jack Smith became head of General Motors, the world?s largest automaker, in 1992. A believer in a bottom-up management style in which employees have input into production, Smith presided over a turnaround that saw the ailing corporation climb out of debt and back into profitability. However, some controversies remained over whether his reforms were sufficient to ensure the…
B. 1946 Birthplace: Nottingham, England Awards: Number One Men?s Wear Designer, Journal du Textile 1992, 1993, 1994 It is rare for men?s fashions to change direction significantly. Only three designers are noted for redirecting men?s fashions: Pierre Cardin in the 1960s with tapered jackets and flared pants, Giorgio Armani in the 1980s with broad-shouldered power suits, and Paul Smith in the 1990s…
Robert Lloyd Smith is responsible for the socio-economic uplift of thousands of African Americans living in Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas at the onset of the twentieth century. A man who championed hard work and education, Smith sought the betterment of African Americans through a host of professional vehicles. Evolving from an educator to a politician to a highly successful businessman, Smith epi…
SMITH, ROGER GUENVEUR (1959?). Actor, writer. This Berkeley, California-born actor grew up in Los Angeles and made his film debut in director Spike Lee ?s School Daze , 1988. He has appeared in nearly all of Lee?s movies since. Smith wrote and performed the one-man stage play A Huey P. Newton Story , and he was a reader on the performance documentary Unchained Memories: Readings from the Slave Nar…
The colorful, rags-to-riches saga of Stephen Smith traces his rise from slavery and poverty to wealth. Smith learned the lumber business while still a slave and, when free, owned a thriving lumber enterprise. Smith found a way to manage his various business ventures and at the same time become immersed in antislavery and religious activities. Called the richest antebellum black, he shared his weal…
(1859?1934) US microbiologist: studied modes of transmission of cattle diseases. Smith graduated in medicine in 1883; he chose not to enter medical practice but to move into veterinary work in the new US Bureau of Animal Industry founded to combat infectious diseases in farm animals. At his parents? home German was spoken, and young Smith?s fluency in it gave him the advantage of being able to rea…
Tubby Smith is one of just six coaches to have led three different programs into the NCAA tournament?s sweet sixteen, capped by the 1997?98 University of Kentucky squad that won a national title. In thirteen seasons, he has never posted a losing record, and his teams have qualified for the NCAA tournament eleven straight times. He became one of the highest paid collegiate coaches in the profession…
Fun-loving and funny, Will Smith captivates audiences in a variety of media: music, television, and film. By his twelfth birthday, Smith was known as a rap musician. He and Jeffrey Townes, as D.J. Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince, recorded several platinum albums and won the first Grammy ever presented for the Best Rap Performance. Smith also starred in the television series The Fresh Prince of Bel…
SMITH, WILL (1968?). Rapper, actor, producer. Smith was born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and pursued music at an early age. Calling himself The Fresh Prince, he began performing with his friend Jeff Townes, known as DJ Jazzy Jeff. The rap duo?s careers flourished with their fresh, up-beat, positive sound, and it was not long before Hollywood came knocking. He starred in the NBC sitco…
B. February 29, 1948 D. April 17, 1987 Birthplace: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Awards: iInternational Mannequins Designer of the Year, 1978 ???????? Coty American Fashion Critics Award, 1983 When Willi Donnell Smith died, at age thirty-nine, a New York Daily News fashion writer called him ?the most successful black designer in fashion history? (Martin, p. 383). However, as Richard Martin pointed …
(1769?1839) British geologist and surveyor: pioneer of geological mapping; proposed principle of superposition. The son of a blacksmith, Smith became a canal surveyor, an occupation which gave him ample opportunity to study the varying geology of much of England and Wales. He discovered that geological strata could be reliably identified at different places on the basis of the fossils they contain…
John Henry Smyth (Smythe in some sources) was an influential national and international figure during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Armed with excellent credentials in education, he taught school, was one of the nation?s first African American civil service employees, worked at Freedmen?s Savings and Trust, practiced law, was a diplomat, edited an African American newspaper, a…
Snapshots are defined as casual pictures made with hand-held cameras by amateurs. Most of the billions of photographs made each year by other-than-professional photographers are snapshots. In the hands of artists, a snapshot style has developed that mimics such things as careless framing, harsh flash lighting, tilted horizons, and fuzziness. The term snapshot was coined in 1860 by Sir John Hersche…
(1580?1626) Dutch physicist: discovered law concerning refraction of light passing between media. Snel studied law and mathematics in a number of European universities and in 1613 succeeded his father in the new university of Leiden, as professor of mathematics. He continued to publish translations of mathematical work, but also became involved in geodesy, and has been described as ?the father of …
SNIPES, WESLEY (1962?). Actor. Born in Orlando, Florida, and raised in the Bronx, New York, he appeared in the off Broadway production of The Me Nobody Knows at age 12. He was also interested in dance and attended New York?s High School for the Performing Arts for a while, but completed his education back in Orlando. Snipes enrolled at the State University of New York at Purchase on a theater scho…
(1813?58) British physician: pioneer of anaesthesiology and epidemiology. As a very young medical apprentice Snow was sent to Sunderland to work on victims of England?s first cholera epidemic, which entered through that seaport in 1831. The disease was not curable, and was often fatal, and the experience gave Snow an interest in cholera that led him to study its epidemiology in the London outbreak…
Born c. 1956; married Kim; children: Allison, twins Ashley and Brett. Education: Earned degrees in finance and accounting from the University of Colorado. Addresses: Home ?Boulder, CO. Office ?Crocs, Inc., 6328 Monarch Park Pl., Niwot, CO 80503. Co-founder and senior executive responsible for global sales, marketing, and mergers and acquisitions, Dii Group; company acquired by Flextronics Internat…
(1938? ) US pharmacologist: suggested existence of endorphins. Educated at Georgetown University, Snyder worked at Johns Hopkins University from 1965. His work which led to the discovery of the body?s natural pain relievers, the endorphins, began with the knowledge that some drugs are effective in very small concentration; thus the synthetic drug etorphine (an analogue of morphine) relieves pain i…
(1877?1956) British radio-chemist; proposed theory of radioactive decay (with Rutherford); pioneer theorist and experimenter in radiochemistry. The youngest of seven children, Soddy grew up to become a forceful, talented and eccentric individual. After graduating in chemistry from Oxford, he found a job as demonstrator at McGill University in Montreal. was there as professor of physics, and his wo…
Callot Soeurs was formed by three sisters: Marie Callot Gerber, Marthe Callot Bertrand, and Regina Callot Chantrelle. They formed the house in 1895 after Madame Gerber, the oldest of the sisters, closed her lace shop. The women acquired their affinity for lace, a consistent element in their designs, from their mother, a lace maker. Their appreciation for design was most likely inspired by their fa…
(CBS, 1/9/1970, 120 mins). The ghosts of the crew of a bomber that crashed in the Libyan desert during World War II return to haunt the navigator, now a general, whom they accuse of desertion when he joins an investigation team sifting through the newly found wreckage 25 years later. This was the maiden production of a new film company formed by CBS. Production Company Cinema Center 100. Director …
MICHAEL KRISS, Ph.D. Digital Imaging Consultant The Frame Transfer image sensor is revealed in Figure 11a and is the least complicated of this group. The substrate is p-type 1 silicon where the potential well is formed (p-Well) to hold the generated and captured photoelectrons. An epitaxial layer of n-type 2 silicon is grown above the p-Well, which isolates the captured photoelectrons from the i…
The wise King Solomon was the son of *David and *Bathsheba and the successor to the kingdom of David (c.971?931 B.C. ) His lengthy reign was a period of great prosperity and stability, marked by artistic achievements (e.g., the construction of the magnificent Temple in Jerusalem), much foreign trade, as well as toleration of pagan religions (which eventually resulted in *God?s punishment during th…
Jimmie Lee Solomon established himself as one of the most influential executives in professional sports in the United States. As the executive vice president for baseball operations for Major League Baseball (MLB), Solomon had administrative responsibilities ranging Page?618? from organizing the All-Star game to negotiating legal agreements between the major league franchises and the minor league …
(1925-) Tower Records The founder of Tower Records and the driving force behind its remarkable growth, Russell M. Solomon has often attributed his success to incidental innovation and an understanding of the changing marketplace. These he claims are key ingredients in Tower?s dominating presence in the retail music business. Solomon pioneered the concept of the superstore and oversaw the expansi…
(CBS, 1/3/1979, 120 mins). A drama about the emotional and physical shock faced by a TV newscaster and his fianc?e, a newspaper reporter, following a surfing accident which paralyzes him and puts him in a wheelchair for life. Based on the 1974 book ?But There Are Always Miracles? by Mary Pleshette Willis and Jack Willis. Production Company Lorimar Productions. Director Jerrold Freedman. Executive …
MICHAEL R. PERES Rochester Institute of Technology Barrier Filter ?Used in fluorescence photography to completely absorb all excitation energy in the system such that only wavelengths of energy longer than the excitation energy reach the imaging system. Colloidal Silver Filter ?The yellow filter that is integrated into a tripack color negative film. It is located below the blue emulsion and in f…
(ABC, 2/26/1975, 90 mins). When venereal disease infects a young woman and an expectant mother and her husband, the question of who contracted it from who arises. Glynnis O?Connor and Lenka Peterson daughter and mother in real life are daughter and mother in this odd-themed movie. The title song, written by Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn, was sung by Cloris Leachman, who starred. Production Companie…
(NBC, 11/29/1978, 120 mins). A suspense tale about a career gal (Lauren Hutton) who becomes the target of a terror campaign by an unknown man in a neighboring high rise and who takes matters into her own hands when she cannot get protection form the police. ?High Rise? was the original title for this one. Production Company Warner Bros. Television. Director John Carpenter. Executive Producer Richa…
n?e Fairfax , formerly Greig (1780?1872) Popular writer on scientific subjects. Mary Fairfax was born in Jedburgh, Scotland, the daughter of an officer in the Royal Navy. She had little education, but taught herself French, Latin and Greek late at night to avoid parental criticism. Introduced to algebra by a ladies? magazine article, she began her mathematical education by studying work, smuggled …
(CBS, 1/21/1972, 120 mins). A horror tale, directed by then up and coming Steven Spielberg, about a young couple moving into a Bucks County, Pennsylvania, farmhouse, unaware that it is occupied by an unseen presence that is trying to possess the wife. Production Companies Belford Productions, CBS Productions. Director Steven Spielberg. Producer Alan Jay Factor. Teleplay Robert Clouse. Photography …
(NBC, 11/26/1968, 120 mins). A gentle Western with Dan Blocker in his own starring TV movie role as a blacksmith outcast who tries to atone to the townsfolk who followed him West and built a town later bypassed by the railroad, and who finally finds the way with the love of a good woman, a book of Emerson?s essays, and a steam engine that derails nearby. Production Company Universal Television. Di…
(NBC, 5/14/1979, 120 mins). A poignant true story of a couple who discover that their son is an autistic child but refuse to believe gloomy medical prognoses and devise their own ways of treating him. Remarkable performances were gotten from the two youngsters who played the boy, 3 1/2 year old twin great-grandsons of veteran film director King Vidor. Based on Barry Neil Kaufman?s 1976 book ?Son R…
(NBC, 3/25/1979, 120 mins). An anxious 13 year old girl (Denise Miller) dreams of being a grown up and tries to make herself look older in order to attract the rock idol she?s fallen for. Filmed on location in Yonkers, New York. Production Companies Laughing Willow Company, NBC Productions. Director Bruce Hart. Producer Carole Hart. Teleplay Bruce Hart, Carole Hart. Photography Edward R. Brown. Mu…
(1826?1908) British geologist and metallurgist: created petrological microscopy and metallography. Sorby was born and lived in Sheffield, Yorkshire, then a town and dominated by steel-, tool- and cutlery-making. His family had been cutlers since the 16th-c, but the business was sold in 1844; as a result, Sorby was wealthy, allowing him to become an archetypal Victorian gentleman-amateur scientist,…
Maurice Sorrell captured the story of the civil rights movement in the Deep South from its earliest days; using his camera, he preserved in pictures such historic events as the march from Montgomery to Selma, Alabama, and other events. In his photographic career that spanned more than three decades, he also was eyewitness to urban riots of the 1950s and 1960s and captured the images of nine U.S. p…
SOUND FILMS (Talkies). With the advent of sound picture technology in 1923, moving pictures eventually found a voice and visual story telling took on another dimension. Shortly after The Jazz Singer , 1927, became the first theatrically released talking film, and more theaters were wired for sound, the race for the first all-black talking film began. Acknowledging the vast talents of black perform…
Robert Southwell, perhaps the most important recusant poet of the latter sixteenth century, was born to a noble Catholic family, though his grandfather, Sir Richard Southwell, had been an efficient courtier in the service of Henry VIII, responsible for the downfall of his companion Henry Howard, earl of Surrey,* and for the confiscation and ruination of many Catholic monasteries, including the rui…
Principal social themes: environmental issues, censorship, suicide/depression MGM. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Charlton Heston, Edward G. Robinson, Leigh Taylor-Young, Chuck Connors, Joseph Cotton, Brock Peters, Celia Lovsky, Paula Kelly, Lincoln Kilpatrick, Whit Bissell, Mike Henry, Roy Jenson, Stephen Young, Leonard Stone, Dick Van Patton. Written by Stanley R. Greenberg based on the novel Make R…
PAUL E. LOWMAN, PH.D. Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA This term is a broad one that could, in principle, be applied to any photograph taken in ?space,? or above approximately 100km (50 miles) altitude and include images acquired on film or electronically. Weather satellites alone generate hundreds of images of the earth from space daily. However, this section will summarize photographs of the …
[spalant sah nee] (1729?99) Italian biologist: pioneer of experimental physiology. Spallanzani first studied law, but his cousin , who was professor of physics at Bologna, encouraged his interest in science. He became a priest and eventually professor of natural history at Pavia, and was an enthusiastic traveller in pursuit of specimens for the natural history museum there. His other enthusiasm wa…
(CBS, 2/22/1978, 120 mins). A widowed father (Charles Durning) struggles to hold together his family of three teenagers, one of whom is mentally retarded and enrolled in a state school for ?special? children where he finds self fulfillment in his love of sports, emulating his older, athletic brother. Filmed in Albuquerque and Santa Fe. Subsequently titled ?A Special Kind of Love.? Production Compa…
The color reproduction of the simple six layers of silver dye-bleach material is insufficient for some applications; mainly in colors located in the blue tints. The reason is the unwanted side absorptions of all image dyes: the high absorption of magenta in the blue spectral range between 400 and 500 nm and of cyan in the green and blue range. A pure and saturated blue reproduced on such a simple …
MITCHELL R. ROSEN, Ph.D. Rochester Institute of Technology Color reproduction has always relied on both metamerism and on the fact that an observer will confuse pairs of spectral power distributions as being the same color under particular viewing conditions. Metamerism in humans forgives the fact that colorants used to create a copy will typically radiate photonic energies in ratios different f…
Definition: Single-sensor solutions may employ a spectral model in the processing pipeline in order to take advantage of both the spatial and spectral properties of the available samples and thus eliminate color shifts and artifacts in output, single-sensor captured images. The fundamental rationale behind the introduction of the spectral model is that a typical natural image exhibits significant …
The Speculum humanae salvationis (Mirror of Human Salvation) was composed in the early fourteenth century by an anonymous author, perhaps a German Dominican. Drawing from a variety of sources (e.g., *Josephus, the * Golden Legend , Saint *Thomas Aquinas), the text is a detailed typological description of the redemption of human-kind through *Christ as prefigured in the Old Testament. Intended as a…
Born April 22, 1923, in Dallas, TX; died of complications from a stroke, June 23, 2006, in Los Angeles, CA. Television producer. Aaron Spelling reigned as the king of prime-time television drama for more than 30 years. With a legacy that included Charlie?s Angels, Dynasty , and Beverly Hills, 90210 , as well as more than 200 other series and feature films, Spelling was ranked by the Guinness Book …
Edmund Spenser?s life is comparatively well documented. He was born, we conjecture from Amoretti 60, in 1552 or shortly thereafter in London. His parents were poor but remotely connected, or so Spenser claimed, with the noble Spencers [ sic ] of Althorp, from whom in due time descended Princess Diana of England. Spenser?s father may have been a free journeyman in the Merchant Taylors? Company, tha…
(1913?94) US neurobiologist: made important studies of brain function. Sperry was a student of psychology at Oberlin College and of zoology at Chicago, and worked in several centres before joining the California Institute of Technology in 1954 as professor of psychobiology. His ingenious experimentation challenged previous theories of brain function and led to new ones. Although a mammal cannot re…
(CBS, 9/14/1977, 90 mins). A comic-book superhero who gained mysterious powers after being bitten by a radioactive spider pursues an evil extortionist whose mind-control plot threatens the lives of 10 innocent people. This pilot movie previewed a series of once in a while programs during the 1977-78 season and thereafter. Subsequently titled ?The Amazing Spider-man.? Production Companies Charles F…
(1947-) Amblin Entertainment and DreamWorks SKG Steven Spielberg has turned out some of the most popular, highest-grossing films in movie history. With his movie Jaws, he played a large part in ushering in a new era in modern cinema: the big-budget megahit. His critics claim his movies often depend too heavily on spectacular special effects. His fans call him the king of good storytelling. Wha…
Born Frank Morrison Spillane, March 9, 1918, in Brooklyn, NY; died of pancreatic cancer, July 17, 2006, in Murrells Inlet, SC. Author. Mickey Spillane created the most hard-bitten of all the hard-boiled detectives in American crime fiction, Mike Hammer. The 13 novels in the series that Spillane produced between 1947 and 1996 rarely won over critics, but sold millions of copies, were adapted for fi…
Born Eliot Laurence Spitzer, June 10, 1959, in New York, NY; son of Bernard (a real estate developer) and Anne (a literature professor) Spitzer; married Silda Wall (an attorney and philanthropic foundation executive), 1987; children: Elyssa, Sarabeth, Jenna. Education: Earned degree from Princeton University, 1981; Harvard Law School, J.D., 1984. Addresses: Home ?New York, NY. Office ?Governor?s O…
Though Egyptologists generally agree that some Egyptian texts were dramatic, there is little agreement on which texts fall into this category. The most commonly identified drama is the Dramatic Ramesseum Papyrus, but there are other texts thought by some Egyptologists to constitute dramas, including the Shabaka Stone , parts of the Coffin Texts , parts of the Book of the Dead , the Metternich Stel…
The Old Testament Song of Solomon was interpreted allegorically by early Christian theologians who explained the text?s dialogue of love in terms of the relationship between *Christ and the *Church (Ecclesia) . A topic taken up by many medieval authors (e.g, *Saint Bernard of Clairvaux), the concept was given pictoral form beginning in the twelfth century with images of the Sponsus (Christ, Brideg…
Sports photography traditionally captures the action of the moment, preserving the athleticism of the subject, the determination, the all-out effort, or the unexpected defeat. A sports photograph may also may capture a facial expression or some body language that visually expresses player or spectator reaction. Virtually any photograph taken during a sporting event, during the practices leading u…
(ABC, 2/25/1977, 120 mins). The inaugural flight of America?s first supersonic transport is launched with a celebrity-studded passenger list (familiar TV faces all), but the plane may never land. During filming, this was called ?Flight of the Maiden,? and for its overseas showings it was titled simply ?Death Flight.? Subsequently titled ?SST: Disaster in the Sky.? Production Company ABC Circle Fil…
[shtahl] (1660?1734) German chemist and physician; developed phlogiston theory of combustion. A clergyman?s son, Stahl trained in medicine at Jena and later taught medicine and chemistry. He took a theory of combustion due to J J Becher (1635?82) and developed it well enough to dominate chemical theory for a century. The theory was that when a substance burned it was losing ?phlogiston?. This was …
Mary Mann Page Newton Stanard was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, to the Rt. Rev. John Brockenbrough and Roberta Page (Williamson) Newton. She was educated in ordinary schools near her home, then graduated from the Leache-Wood School in Norfolk. She married William Glover Stanard, corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, on April 17, 1900, and moved to Richmond. She began…
Emanuel Stance was considered not to have the qualities needed for a good soldier when he sought to enlist in the U.S. Army. He had a slight build, about five feet tall, and was only nineteen years old. However, he was accepted and became a member of the 9th U. S. Cavalry, Company F, one of the two regiments of African Americans. Many of the enlistees were recently freed slaves and veterans of the…
Principal social themes: education/literacy, racism/civil rights Warner Brothers. PG rating. Featuring: Edward James Olmos, Lou Diamond Phillips, Rosana de Soto, Andy Garcia, Will Gotay, Ingrid Oliu, Virginia Paris, Vanessa Marquez, Mark Eliot, Patrick Raca, Lydia Nicole, Daniel Villarreal, Carmen Argenziano, James Victor, Michael Goldfinger, Rif Hutton, Betty Carvalho, Karla Mintana. Written by R…
PETER ADELSTEIN, Ph.D. Rochester Institute of Technology In today?s complex society, all industries and technologies must have a code of written and approved standards and specifications. It is absolutely essential if the products of this technology are to be widely used and if they are to make productive contributions. Such standards are required not only on the national level, but with the imp…
(NBC, 1/21/1978, 120 mins). A small time half breed cattle rancher, struggling to eke out a Depression era existence, is subjected to a terror campaign after refusing to sell out to a ruthless land baron. Production Company Quinn Martin Productions. Director Harvey Hart. Executive Producer Quinn Martin. Producer Martin Katz. Teleplay Franklin D. Thompson. Photography Stevan Larner. Music Richard M…
(1824-1893) Central Pacific Railroad Leland Stanford combined his legal knowledge, business ability, and political influence to become one of California?s leading citizens in the nineteenth century. With three colleagues, he established the Central Pacific Railroad, which built the western portion of the first transcontinental railroad, and served as its president from 1861 until his death in 18…
1904?71) US biochemist and virologist: isolated the first crystalline virus. In his early years as a student Stanley?s main interest was football and he planned to become a coach. However, his interest in chemistry increased and after graduating at Illinois in 1929 he worked in Germany with , and then joined the Rockefeller Institute at Princeton in 1931. At about that time proved that several enz…
John Carruthers Stanly, the largest free black slaveholder in the South, is a paradox of history. He purchased his own family members out of slavery and eventually became one of the largest slaveholders in Craven County, North Carolina. Stanly, born a slave in 1774, was the son of an African Ibo woman and, many believe, the white prominent merchant-shipper John Wright Stanly. As a young boy, he re…
The first park Robert G. Stanton ever visited was Greenway Park in Fort Worth, Texas, which was also the only park in Fort Worth that allowed African Americans. In 1997, after thirty-one years of service with the National Park Service (NPS), Stanton became the first African American to head the National Park Service. Stanton was born in 1940 and was raised in the Fort Worth community of Mosier Val…
Born Lois Maureen Stapleton, June 21, 1925, in Troy, NY; died of complications from respiratory ailments, March 13, 2006, in Lenox, MA. Actress. Maureen Stapleton, an actress for 60 years, was one of the most celebrated actresses of her time, winning Tony, Emmy, and Academy Awards for her work on stage, television, and in film. ?Ms. Stapleton excelled at portraying blowzy, vulnerable, and sometime…
[shtah?k] (1874?1957) German physicist. Stark had an extraordinary career, marked by changes of his views in physics, conflict with colleagues and his involvement in a racist political movement and ultimate imprisonment. His training followed conventional lines and he became a lecturer at G?ttingen in 1900, afterwards holding chairs in four German universities. In 1902 he predicted that rapidly mo…
Marion Lena Starkey was born on April 13, 1901, in Worcester, Massachusetts, to Arthur E. Starkey, a painter and publisher, and Alice T. (Gray) Starkey. She received a B.S. from Boston University in 1922, an M.A. from Boston University in 1935, and did graduate study at Harvard in 1946. She was editor of the Saugus Herald in Saugus, Massachusetts, from 1924 to 1929, then became an associate profes…
(1866?1927) British physiologist: a pioneer of endocrinology and of modern cardiovascular physiology. Starling was very much a Londoner and, except for short periods in Germany and during his work for the Royal Army Medical Corps on poison gases in the First World War, his career was spent at University College, London. Much of his best-known work was done with his friend, brother-in-law and co-wo…
(ABC, 4/30/1975, 90 mins). In this pilot for the hit series that began in September 1975, an unorthodox pair of undercover cops (played by David Soul and Paul Michael Glaser) investigate a double homicide and discover that they were the intended victims. Production Company Spelling-Goldberg Productions. Director Barry Shear. Executive Producers Aaron Spelling, Leonard Goldberg. Producer Joseph T. …
Also known as the Via dolorosa or Way of the Cross, the Stations of the Cross refer to specific moments and incidents which took place in Jesus? journey through the streets of Jerusalem from his sentencing by *Pontius Pilate to his *Crucifixion on *Calvary and his *Entombment. The practice of physically retracing this path and meditating upon the events of *Christ?s passion became a popular activi…
[ shtow dinger] (1881?1965) German organic chemist: the founder of polymer chemistry. Staudinger?s career in chemistry began with work of a classical organic kind and included the discovery of a new group, the ketenes, and work on the aroma agents in coffee. But in the 1920s he began to study rubber. At that time, rubber and other apparently non-crystalline high-molecular mass materials were suppo…
(NBC, 12/6/1978, 120 mins). An independent trucker, trying to keep his marriage alive and his rig out of the hands of bill collectors, agrees to haul a cargo of stolen cattle with his good-old-buddy. Original title: ?Fast Lane Fever? Production Companies Roger Gimbel Productions, EMI Television. Director Harvey S. Laidman. Executive Producers Roger Gimbel, Tony Converse. Producer R.J. Louis. Telep…
[ shtef an] (1835?93) Austrian physicist: discovered the Stefan?Boltzmann black body radiation law. After 4 years at the University of Vienna, Stefan became a school-teacher for 7 years, researching in physics in his spare time, but in 1863 he secured the professorship of physics at Vienna and remained there throughout his life. A skilful experimentalist, Stefan measured the thermal conductivity o…
Born in 1937 in Alexandria, Egypt. Education: Earned degree in English from Brasenose College of Oxford University. Addresses: Home ?London, England. Office ?John Stefanidis Design Limited, 5 Eccleston St., London SW1W 9LZ United Kingdom. Worked for interior-design firms in Milan, Rome, and Athens; founded John Stefanidis Design Limited in London, 1967. Interior designer John Stefanidis earns regu…
[ stiyn berger] (1921? ) US nuclear physicist: a major contributor to the ?standard model? of particle physics. Steinberger went to the USA in 1934 as a teenage Jewish refugee, and later studied chemistry at Chicago. In the Second World War he worked in the radiation laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his interest moved to physics; as a result, he worked for his PhD in Chicago…
(1949-) Staples, Inc. A retail pioneer and innovator, Thomas G. Stemberg founded the office supply superstore Staples, Inc. He developed and launched the first line of generic food sold in the United States and revolutionized the office supply business by eliminating wholesalers and selling directly to customers in his warehouse-like superstores. With a clear but simple message, Stemberg always …
( Lat ), Niels Steensen ( Dan ) [ stee noh] (1638?86) Danish anatomist and geologist: made early studies of crystals and fossils. An anatomist by training, Steno was also interested in crystals and fossils. He showed that a pineal gland like that of man is found in other animals, and used this and other arguments to refute claim that it is the seat of the soul and uniquely human. His study of quar…
The first martyr (protomartyr) Stephen (d. c.35) was one of the seven deacons chosen by the *apostles to assist with the supervision of the early *church in Jerusalem. Described as ?a man full of faith,? who did Page?234? ?great wonders and miracles? (Acts 6:5, 8), his *preaching and *wisdom brought him to the attention of the Jewish religious leaders who accused him of blasphemy and brought him t…
The biological sciences were relatively more welcoming to women than the other sciences, and fewer obstacles were placed in their path. Unlike medicine, botany was regarded as an acceptable occupation for women, combining fresh air and exercise with the accomplishments of drawing and painting. Painting led a number of women towards botany and zoology. Maria Sibylle Merian (1647?1717), one of the e…
Definition: The Multiviezv Profile (MVP) extends the wellknown hybrid coding towards exploitation of interview channel redundancies by implicitly defining disparity compensated prediction. Stereo video coding is already supported by the MPEG-2 technology, where a corresponding multi-view profile, defined in 1996, is available to transmit two video signals. The main application area of MPEG-2 multi…
STEREOTYPE. Many African American images in film are considered to be stereotypes that represent preset patterns of speech, actions, or personalities that degrade or reflect upon the subject in a negative way. Many of these depictions were merely throwbacks from the characters and comedy routines from the vaudeville stage. In the early days when there was a limited black presence on the screen, ma…
Madeleine Bettina Stern was born on July 1, 1912, in New York City to Moses R. and Lillie (Mack) Stern. She received a B.A. from Barnard College in 1932 and an M.A. from Columbia University in 1934. She taught high school English from 1934 to 1943, when she received a Guggenheim fellowship. In 1945 she opened a rare book store with Leona Rostenberg. She also began writing history, beginning with T…
(1888?1969) German?US physicist: showed that magnetic fields of atoms are quantized. Otto Stern, the son of a grain-merchant, completed his doctorate in Breslau in 1912. He travelled and attended lectures by and and became a post-doctoral associate and friend of in Z?rich. Following military service during the First World War he worked with in Frankfurt on statistical mechanics. In 1920 Stern and …
(1749-1838) Inventor John Stevens was one of America?s early inventors and engineers. A pioneer of steam-powered transportation and of patent laws, John Stevens devised efficient innovations for steam engines and helped popularize their use in ships and locomotives. John Stevens was born into a wealthy family in New York City in 1749. Stevens was born more than 25 years before the signing of the…
(1861?1912) US cytologist: elucidated the chromosomal basis of sex determination. For over 2000 years speculation and some experiments had been directed to an obvious biological question: what determines whether a living organism (including the human) is male or female? Only in the early 20th-c was it shown that this is fixed at the point of fertilization and depends on the chromosomes of ovum and…
Rosemary A. Stevens was born on March 18, 1935, in Great Britain, of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic ancestry. Her father was a bank employee; her mother was a full-time homemaker. Stevens was schooled in British state girls? schools. Her early influences included World War II and the promise of education, which she says was a way of ?breaking out.? Seeking a way of understanding power relations and explai…
Despite having the status of slave, Austin Steward took advantage of business practices that he learned in order to become a prosperous merchant. His disdain for slavery and its oppression of black people led him to join the antislavery movement as soon as he became free. Although Steward remained a marginal figure, his abolitionist work brought him in touch with other black abolitionists, includi…
(1941?-) Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Described as the guru of good taste in American entertaining and the person who has had the biggest impact on the aesthetics of the average suburban American household, Martha Stewart has turned her lifestyle and tastes into a business empire. As a domestic arts expert and lifestyle consultant Martha Stewart has left her stamp on the way America current…
STEWART, NICK (1910?2000). Actor. Also known as Nicodemus, Stewart was born in New York City, and had a long career in entertainment. He is perhaps best remembered for his role as Lightnin? in the Amos ?n? Andy TV series. Other TV roles included Ramar of the Jungle , and he was the host of the 1950s series Ebony Showcase Presents . For years, he ran the Ebony Showcase Theater in Los Angeles. His f…
Born January 10, 1945, in London, England; married Alana Hamilton (a model), 1979 (divorced, 1984); married Rachel Hunter (a model), 1991 (divorced, 2006); children: Kimberly, Sean (from first marriage), Ruby (with Kelly Emberg), Renee, Liam (from second marriage), Alastair (with Penny Lancaster). Addresses: Record company ?J-Records, 745 Fifth Ave., 6th Flr., New York, NY 10151. Website ?http://w…
STICKNEY, PHYLLIS YVONNE. Actress. This native of Little Rock, Arkansas, started her entertainment career performing stand up comedy and was one of the first comediennes of color to perform at the Juste Pour Rire Comedy Festival in Montreal, Canada. Her comedy routine was on the pilot episode of the TV series Showtime at the Apollo , and she was initially considered as a possible host. Stickney?s …
[shtok] (1876?1946) German inorganic chemist: a pioneer of silicon hydride and boron hydride chemistry and of vacuum handling methods. After graduating in Germany, Stock went to Paris in 1899 to join research group. They were a happy international team, although ?one was constantly in danger of losing one?s life?. Later, as professor in Breslau, he began work in 1909 on the dangerously explosive b…
HENRY SCHLEICHKORN Custom Medical Stock Photo Stock photography is defined as business that represents photographers who offer their photography for licensing and reproduction. A stock photography business maintains a library of images, markets those images, performs picture research for prospective clients, negotiates the terms of the license with the client, prepares the agreement, takes a com…
(1819?1903) Irish physicist: a contributor to fluid dynamics. Educated in his native Ireland and at Cambridge, Stokes became Lucasian professor at Cambridge in 1849 and in the next half-century did much to rescue physics teaching there. He worked in most areas of theoretical and experimental physics except electricity. One of his enthusiasms was hydrodynamics and another was fluorescence, and both…
(CBS, 8/26/1979, 120 mins). Dennis Weaver is a Joseph Wambaugh-type novelist cop and Pat Hingle is his hard-nosed superior who wants him to stick to police work or get off the force in this pilot to the short-lived (eight episodes) series that ran from January to March 1980. Production Companies Stephen J. Cannell Productions, Universal Television. Director Corey Allen. Executive Producer Stephen …
Principal social theme: homelessness/poverty CBS. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Lucille Ball, Daphne Zuniga, William Converse-Roberts, Stephen Lang, Susan Batson, Anna Maria Horsford, Stefan Schnabel, Josephine Nichols, Peter Phillips, Rebecca Schull, Imogene Bliss, Michael Champagne, Gloria Cromwell, Pat MacNamara, Matthew Locricchio, Edward Seamon, Ray Sera, Gary Singer, Patrick Kilpatrick. Written…
(1880?1958) British palaeobotanist and early advocate of birth control. Marie Stopes studied botany, geography and geology and gained her degree at University College, London. She then went to Munich and took a doctorate in 1904, and was awarded a London DSc in 1905. In 1904 she became the first woman member of the science staff of Manchester University. Stopes soon had a leading position in resea…
Principal social themes: censorship, education/literacy Columbia. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Bette Davis, Brian Keith, Paul Kelly, Kim Hunter, Joe Mantell, Kevin Coughlin, Joseph Kearns, Sallie Brophy, Howard Wierum, Curtis Cooksey, Howard Wendell, Kathryn Grant, Edward Platt, Michael Raffetto, Burt Mustin. Written by Daniel Taradash and Elick Moll. Cinematography by Burnett Guffey. Edited by Will…
The Gospels contain several episodes and versions of Jesus? miraculous calming of tempests and saving his disciples caught in storms at sea. Power over water is an attribute of *God in the Old Testament; hence these episodes also communicate about the identity of Jesus. *Matthew 8:23-27 describes one incident in which Jesus and his disciples were all together in a boat. Jesus was asleep when they …
Principal social themes: hate groups, racism/civil rights, spouse abuse Warner Brothers. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Ginger Rogers, Ronald Reagan, Doris Day, Steve Cochran, Hugh Sanders, Lloyd Gough, Raymond Greenleaf, Ned Glass, Walter Baldwin, Lynn Whitney, Stuart Randall, Sean McClory, Gene Evans. Written by Daniel Fuchs and Richard Brooks. Cinematography by Carl Guthrie. Edited by Clarence Kols…
The Story of Sinuhe survives in many manuscripts, suggesting that the Egyptians considered it among their most important literary works. The oldest manuscripts date to the Twelfth Dynasty (1938?1759 B.C.E. ), also the time of the story?s setting. There are also more than twenty New Kingdom (1539?1075 B.C.E. ) copies and even a Late Period copy (664?332 B.C.E. ). This large number of copies survivi…
(CBS, 1/10/1975, 120 mins). A lighthearted drama of a spirited young boy?s adventures aboard a manned space flight. This 11 year old with a consuming interest in space travel hides aboard a rocket ship before it blasts off for the moon. Adapted from the 1973 novel William R. Shelton. Production Company Twentieth Century Fox Television. Director Andrew V. McLaglen. Producer John Cutts. Teleplay Jon…
(ABC, 7/13/1975, 120 mins). A science-fiction adventure with three astronauts returning to earth after 180 years in suspended animation and finding scientists who have developed eternal life and primitives who live with jungle beasts. This pilot film for a prospective series subsequently was edited to 90 minutes from its original two-hour running time for syndicated showings. Production Company Wa…
(NBC, 10/31/1978, 120 mins). A thriller about a young girl?s encounter with witchcraft when a cousin turns up at her house and begins using supernatural powers to dominate the family. Linda Blair once again was the put-upon one in this film originally to have been called ?Summer of Fear,? the title of Lois Duncan?s source novel (1976). Production Companies Finnegan Associates, InterPlanetary Produ…
(NBC, 10/31/1967, 120 mins). In his TV movie debut, Henry Fonda is a drifter who finds himself wrongly accused of murder by a hostile sheriff and chased into the desert with a horse, some supplies, a one-hour start, and a deadly posse on his heels. Anne Baxter also entered television moviemaking with this one?and director Don Siegel left it. Based on a story by Reginald Rose. Production Company Un…
(NBC, 10/31/1967, 120 mins). In his TV movie debut, Henry Fonda is a drifter who finds himself wrongly accused of murder by a hostile sheriff and chased into the desert with a horse, some supplies, a one-hour start, and a deadly posse on his heels. Anne Baxter also entered television moviemaking with this one?and director Don Siegel left it. Based on a story by Reginald Rose. Production Company Un…
(CBS, 5/13/1979, 120 mins). Drama about a dying woman who returns to the home of her widowed mother after an absence of 20 years and how their bitter estrangement slowly turns to love. This double tour de force for Bette Davis and Gena Rowlands was a heralded first effort for writer Michael de Guzman and premiered rightly on Mother?s Day 1979. Bette Davis won an Emmy Award for her performance. Pro…
B. February 26, 1829 D. September 28, 1902 Birthplace: Buttenheim, Bavaria Awards: Smithsonian Institution, Levi?s preserved, 1966 ???????? German Apparel Supplier of the Year, 1990 ???????? National Business Hall of Fame inductee, 1994 ???????? National Business and Labor Award for Leadership on HIV/AIDS, the United States Centers for Disease Control, 1997 ???????? Ron Brown Award for Cor…
PHRED PETERSEN RMIT University ANDREW DAVIDHAZY Rochester Institute of Technology Streak and strip photography are generic terms for a variety of specialized imaging techniques that capture a continuous record of events over time, along one dimension the resultant photograph. This is accomplished either by exposing a piece of film as it moves past a narrow slit located at the image plane or by …
Definition: State-of-the-art streaming media-based educational systems are required to blend various types of media technologies and different types of Web-based communications technologies including email, chat, instant messaging, audio and videoconferencing, bulletin boards, discussion forums, newsgroups, white boarding, groupware (shared workplaces), and Web sites for collaborative learning. St…
Margaret Ann Strobel was born on February 15, 1946, in Grand Forks, North Dakota, of German, Norwegian, and Swedish ancestry. Her father was an assistant superintendent for a Standard Oil Company warehouse; her mother was a homemaker, then a motel maid and factory worker. Strobel attended Winship Elementary School in Grand Forks, and then Central Junior High, Westwood Junior High, and St. Louis Se…
STRODE, WOODY (1914?1994). Actor, athlete. He was born Wood-row Wilson Woolwine Strode in Los Angeles, California. He became a top-notch decathlete and was a star football player at the University of California, Los Angeles. Strode got into acting after meeting famed director John Ford, who cast him in nearly a dozen of his Westerns, including the title role in Sergeant Rutledge , 1961. His televi…
Born Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda, November 3, 1912, in Encarnaci?n, Paraguay; died of a stroke after a hernia operation, August 16, 2006, in Brasilia, Brazil. Dictator. Many South American countries suffered the rule of cruel, vain, corrupt dictators, but none for so long as Paraguay under Alfredo Stroessner. From 1954, when he seized power in a coup, to 1989, when his former right-hand man forced…
(NBC, 3/7/1979 to 3/21/1979, 3 Parts, 120 mins each, 6 hours). The television adaptation drawn from James T. Farrell?s once-banned-for-being-oh-so-racy ?30s trilogy (?Young Lonigan,? ?The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan? and ?Judgment Day?) about the struggles and growing pangs of a self-destructive Depression-era Chicago youth introduced to TV viewers the rough-hewn Harry Hamlin, who not long befo…
(CBS, 5/30/1979, 120 mins). An intrepid team of stunt experts stage a daring air, sea and land rescue of a kidnapped movie star from the clutches of a suave, modern-day pirate who rules a sovereign fortress state in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico. This was a pilot for a prospective adventure series. Production Company Martin Poll Films. Director John Peyser. Producer Martin Poll. Co Producer Wil…
(1783?1850) British inventor: much improved electromagnet design. After a few years as an apprentice shoemaker, Sturgeon joined the army and began to study science at night, until he became an expert on electrical instruments. After he left the army in 1820 he became a bootmaker and itinerant teacher of science for the army, and for some schools and societies, and he published popular accounts of …
[ ster tevant] (1891?1970) US geneticist: pioneer of chromosome mapping. As a boy Sturtevant drew up pedigrees for his father?s farm horses, and as a student at Columbia University his older brother encouraged this interest through books on heredity. A book on Mendelism spurred his enthusiasm, since he felt that some horse coat colours could be explained on a Mendelian basis. He wrote on this to t…
Although numerous drug addicts and drinkers appear in plays by pioneering modern dramatists Tennessee Williams and Eugene O?Neill, in the first half of the twentieth century few playwrights chose to consider such a potentially explosive topic as substance abuse in their work. It is an issue filled with pitfalls, given the public tendency to shun such topics for fear that any discussion of them may…
(NBC, 12/4/1978, 120 mins). Young lovers she?s a child of the ghetto, determined to escape her alcoholic, bickering parents; he?s a socially prominent attorney with a long-standing health problem?attempt to defy every obstacle to their romance and ultimate marriage. Production Companies Ross Hunter Productions, Jacque Mapes Productions. Director Stuart Margolin. Producers Ross Hunter, Jacque Mapes…
B. 1955 Birthplace: Dearborn Heights, Michigan Award: Perry Ellis Award, 1993 Anna Sui, the daughter of Chinese immigrants, grew up in a small suburb of Detroit, Michigan, where she spent her time designing evening wear for her dolls. After high school, Sui convinced her parents to send her to New York to study fashion at the Parsons School of Design. Sui left Parsons in 1975, after two years of s…
(1942? ) British molecular biologist: a leading figure in the sequencing of the human genome. Sulston, educated at Cambridge and doing postdoctoral work thereafter at the Salk Institute, CA, and Columbia, New York, became Chief Scientist of the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology in Cambridge in 1969 and Director of the Sanger Centre there from 1992 to 2000. Before 1983 he had made a close study …
(NBC, 10/30/1978, 120 mins). A bittersweet story of a teenage Jewish girl who falls in love with an escaped Nazi prisoner of war in a small Georgia town during World War II. Esther Rolle won the Emmy as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series for her performances in this film which also was nominated as the Outstanding Drama of the 1978-79 season. In addition, Jane Howard Hammerstein re…
(CBS, 11/9/1973, 150 mins). A sentimental film based on an actual case history of a cancer victim, taken from a tape-recorded diary, involving a young dropout living in the wilderness with her boyfriend, who is a struggling musician, and her baby daughter. Subsequently, a ?Sunshine? series in 1975 starred Cliff DeYoung, Elizabeth Cheshire and Meg Foster, to be followed by a second film, ?Sunshine …
One of *Christ?s appearances after his *Resurrection, the Supper at Emmaus receives a detailed account in *Luke 24. Two of the disciples on their journey from Jerusalem to Emmaus encountered a stranger to whom they recounted the recent events, the *death and burial of Jesus and the report of his resurrected appearance to a disciple . The stranger countered their recital with a narration drawn from…
Surrey?s short, spectacular life is the stuff of romantic legend. He was born Henry Howard in 1517, the eldest son and heir of Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey, and Elizabeth Stafford. His grandfather Thomas Howard, second duke of Norfolk, was England?s finest military commander and had just four years earlier destroyed an invading Scottish army at Flodden, killing the Scottish king. Upon his grandfa…
(CBS, 5/29/1979, 120 mins). A pretty high school girl (Melissa Sue Anderson) moves to a new town and falls in with the wrong crowd in this contemporary drama of teenage values in an affluent society. Production Companies Roger Gimbel Productions, EMI Television. Director Jack Starrett. Executive Producers Roger Gimbel, Tony Converse. Producer Marc Trabulus. Teleplay Frank Norwood, Tom Lazarus. Bas…
More than a year after the great Wall Street crash of 1929, conventional wisdom had it that the movies were immune to the Depression. The motion-picture business had been improving yearly since 1927. The public had welcomed the talkies enthusiastically and unequivocably, which seemed to justify the enormous expenditures required to wire the nation?s theaters and to convert Hollywood?s studios to s…
The story of Susanna forms an apocryphal addition to the Old Testament book of *Daniel (located as the thirteenth chapter of Daniel in the Vulgate). This short text tells how the chaste and beautiful Susanna (married to the wealthy and honored Joakim and living in Babylon) was falsely accused of adultery by two elders who hid themselves in the garden and surprised her while she was bathing. She re…
Principal social themes: homelessness/poverty, disabilities, depressioin/suicide Tri-Star. R rating. Featuring: Liam Neeson, Cher, Dennis Quaid, John Mahoney, Joe Mantegna, Philip Bosco, E. Katherine Kerr, Fred Melameo, Lisabeth Bartless, Paul D?Amato, Aaron Schwartz. Written by Eric Roth. Cinematography by Billy Williams. Edited by Ray Lovejoy. Music by Michael Kamen. Produced by Daniel A. Sherko…
(1923?94) British physical oceanographer: discoverer of strong eddy fields in oceanic interiors. Swallow was a student of physics at Cambridge when the Second World War interrupted his studies and naval service introduced him to the sea. Back at Cambridge after the war, lectures by inspired him to do his PhD in the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, spending the early 1950s on the survey vessel…
(1637?80) Dutch naturalist and microscopist; a pioneer of modern entomology and discoverer of red blood cells. Swammerdam?s father, an apothecary, had a ?museum of curiosities? and the boy helped with this and became a keen insect collector. He studied medicine at Leiden (with as a fellow student) and graduated in 1667 but he never practised medicine, despite his father?s protests and financial pr…
(ABC, 10/10/1975, 120 mins). A bizarre drama of a young woman who is kidnapped by an escaped mental patient and whisked away to his remote mountain cabin, where her abductor becomes her teacher, friend and lover. Originally titled ?Welcome to Xanadu,? after the 1968 novel by Nathaniel Benchley, it was filmed in Taos, New Mexico. Production Company Brut Productions. Director Lee Philips. Executive …
(CBS, 3/21/1975, 90 mins). An ex-con and a retired cop, partners in an investigation agency, try to prove that a safecracker with a previous record is innocent of a diamond heist and pin the crime on the police by laying an intricate trap. Robert Wagner, Eddie Albert and Sharon Gless went on to repeat their roles in the later series (1975-77). Production Companies Glen Larson Productions, Universa…
By 2005 attorney H. Patrick Swygert had served as Howard University?s president for over a decade but his relationship with the university was even longer, spanning over forty years. Born March 17, 1943, in Philadelphia, Swygert was the seventh of fourteen children born to Gustina Huzzy and Leroy Swygert. The south Philadelphia working-class community where he grew up was comprised of African Amer…
(NBC, 11/14/1976 and 11/15/1976, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). An acclaimed four-hour production (Emmy Award winner as Outstanding Special) in which Sally Field won an Emmy as Best Actress for playing a young woman so disturbed by childhood experiences that she develops 16 distinct personalities. A third Emmy Award went to Stewart Stern for his teleplay, and a fourth was given for the score by…
Principal social themes: child abuse, suicide/depression Lorimar. PG rating. Featuring: Sally Field, Joanne Woodward, Brad Davis, Martine Bartlett, Jane Hoffman, Charles Lane, Jessamine Milner, William Prince, Natasha Ryan, Tommy Crebbs, Penelope Allen, Camila Ashlend, Paul Tulley, Elizabeth Anne Beesley, Harold Pruitt. Written by Stewart Stern based on the book by Flora Rheta Schreiber. Cinematog…
Born March 7, 1964, in Portsmouth, VA; married, 1992 (divorced, 1998). Education: Attended community college for two years; Hampton University, B.S., 1986. Addresses: Office ?c/o The New Adventures of Old Christine , Warner Bros. Television Production, 4000 Warner Blvd., Bldg. 136, Ste. 127, Burbank, CA 91522. Employed at National Security Agency, c. 1986?91; began working as a stand-up comedian, …
1814?97) British mathematician: with Cayley founded the theory of invariants. Sylvester was born into a Jewish family of nine children and in 1828 went to the new University of London, founded for Dissenters. Vociferous and hot-headed, Sylvester fought back against the strong anti-Semitism which he encountered and was sent down for threatening a fellow student with a table-knife. He was admitted t…
Synagogues are buildings used by Jewish communities for religious gatherings, prayer, and reading of scripture. In medieval art, the religion of Judaism was often symbolized by the personified female figure of Synagogue, ( Synagoga ) often paired with the personification of the Christian *church (Ecclesia) in images of the *Crucifixion. While some few early (e.g., Carolingian) examples present bot…
[sent dyoor dyee] (1893?1986) Hungarian-US biochemist: worked on vita-min C and on the biochemistry of muscle. Szent-Gy?rgi had four generations of scientists in his mother?s family, and in 1911 began to study medicine at Budapest. By 1914 he had already published some research on the eye before he was called into the Austro-Hungarian army. He was soon decorated for bravery but, in order to return…
[ zi lah?d] (1898?1964) Hungarian?US physicist: recognized the significance of nuclear fission. Szilard has been described as ?a difficult child who grew up to become an impossible adult?. He was imaginative, volatile and immodest. A versatile and creative physicist, Szilard had an extraordinarily wide-ranging and original mind. He first studied electrical engineering, trained in the Austro-Hungar…
(1946? ) Dutch theoretical physicist. Born and educated in the Netherlands, t?Hooft studied, taught and researched in the University of Utrecht, becoming a full professor there in 1977; he has held visiting appointments in several other countries. His work has brought many honours and awards, including having an asteroid (9491 t?Hooft) named after him. As a young man of 24, t?Hooft together with h…
1860-1914 In 1860, Edouard Heuer founded his own company to create timepieces. In 1869, Heuer created the very first crown-winding piece used in pocket watches. Twenty years later, in 1889, the Heuer company managed to win a silver medal during the Universal Exhibition in Paris, France. Heuer won for its collection of pocket watches. In 1911, the company patented the first car dashboard timepiece …
(NBC, 2/6/1977, 120 mins). An ambitious production of questionable accuracy spanning the rise and fall of Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy as uncovered by a fictional veteran newsman and the ambitious young lady investigative reporter assigned to assist him. Emmy Awards went to Burgess Meredith for his portrayal of Joseph Welch and to Lane Slate for his original teleplay. Also nominated were Peter Boyle (a…
(1800?77) British inventor of negative/positive photographic process. Talbot, the son of a relatively impoverished officer of dragoons, stepson of a rear admiral and grandson of an earl, was educated at Harrow and Cambridge, where he studied classics and mathematics and did well in both. He was 12th wrangler in 1821, and his later researches in mathematics secured him the Royal Society?s Royal Med…
Cinematographers now do everything they did in silent drama days in Hollywood . JOHN SEITZ , Cinematographic Annual 1930 The obvious question to ask John Seitz is, Why was adapting sound filmmaking to ?silent? practice considered desirable? This conservative impulse probably did not arise simply from practical considerations; it required skill, resourcefulness, and effort to maintain the appearanc…
(CBS, 12/28/1977, 120 mins). The crash of a cargo plane unleashes a horde of deadly tarantulas and allows them to move unchecked through a Southwestern town. Production Company Alan Landsburg Productions. Director Stuart R. Hagmann. Executive Producer Alan Landsburg. Producer Paul Freeman. Teleplay Guerdon Trueblood, John Groves. Photography Robert L. Morrison. Music Mundell Lowe. Editor Corky Ehl…
Ida Minerva Tarbell was born on November 5, 1857, on a farm in Erie County, Pennsylvania, to Franklin Summer Tarbell, the first manufacturer of wooden tanks for the oil industry in Pennsylvania, and Esther Ann (McCullough) Tarbell, a former teacher whose ancestors included Sir Walter Raleigh and Samuel Seabury, America?s first Anglican bishop. Ida attended local public schools after her family mov…
(NBC, 1/6/1975, 90 mins). A bonded courier, whose girlfriend is abducted while they are on a date, is blackmailed into faking a diamond robbery in this pilot for a series that never got off the ground. Production Companies Roy Huggins Productions, Universal Television. Director Robert Scheerer. Executive Producer Jo Swerling Jr. Producer Robert F. O?Neill. Teleplay Don Carlos Dunaway. Based on a S…
[tah? tal ya] ( c. 1501?57) Italian mathematician: found a method for solving cubic equations. Tartaglia?s real name was probably Fontana, but in the French attack on Brescia in 1512 he suffered sword wounds in the face which left him with a speech defect and led to the adopted nickname Tartaglia (?stammerer?) thereafter. He taught mathematics in Verona and in Venice, and wrote on the mathematical…
Torquato Tasso, whose life was as troubled as it was glorious, was born in Sorrento in 1544. His father, Bernardo, an important poet in his own right, was secretary to the prince of Salerno, a great baron and leader of the opposition to Spanish rule in the kingdom of Naples. When Salerno was exiled in 1551, Bernardo followed, taking his son with him, but his patron?s star was in decline, and Berna…
Merze Tate was born February 6, 1905, in central Michigan, the daughter and granddaughter of black pioneers. By the time she was five years old, a one-room schoolhouse had been built less than a quarter mile from her home. After elementary school she attended Blanchard High School, which was four miles from home. Tate walked each way, sometimes wading in snow up to her hips or water up to her ankl…
tow sig] (1899?1986) US physician and a pioneer in the treatment of ?blue babies?. Helen Taussig was born in Cambridge MA, the daughter of a Harvard professor. She attended Radcliffe College and the University of California, and obtained her MD at Johns Hopkins University medical school in 1927. She joined the faculty in 1930 and took charge of the cardiac clinic of the Harriet Lane Home for Inval…
(1941? ) US physicist: co-discoverer of first binary pulsar; detected gravitons in 1978. Educated at Harvard, Taylor held a post at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst from 1969 until 1980 when he returned to Harvard as professor of physics. In 1974 with his research student Russell A Hulse (1950? ) a search was made for new pulsars using the giant 300 m fixed radio telescope at Arecibo in …
Lily Ross Taylor was born in Auburn, Alabama, to William Dana Taylor, a railway engineer, and Mary (Ross) Taylor. The family moved often, and Lily attended a number of schools before receiving an A.B. from the University of Wisconsin in 1906. She entered Bryn Mawr College in 1906 and attended the American Academy in Rome in 1909?10. She received a Ph.D. from Bryn Mawr in 1912 with the thesis ?The …
TAYLOR, REGINA (1960?). Actress, playwright, director. Born in Dallas, Texas, she attended Southern Methodist University and appeared in the telefilm Crisis at Central High , 1981, while she was still a student. She has appeared on and off Broadway and was the first African American actress to portray Juliet in Romeo and Juliet on Broadway. She became well-known on television in the series I?ll Fl…
(1886?1975) British physicist: discovered how dislocations allow solids to deform under shear. Taylor qualified at Cambridge, and was only absent from there during the two World Wars throughout his career, when he worked on aircraft design in the first, and on explosive shock waves in the second. From 1923 until his retirement in 1952 he held a professorship of physics. He conducted a great range …
?If you can read this, thank a teacher? is sometimes seen on car bumper stickers. In just a few words, that phrase describes how valuable teachers are. They help children learn about the countries of the world and the stars in the sky, famous people from the past and predictions for the future. They teach math, science, and history, and they help children learn why this information matters in thei…
TYPES OF TEXT. Egyptologists have identified ancient texts that teach the Egyptian idea of philosophy. These texts divide into more than one ancient literary type. Many of them are instructions, identified in Egyptian with the word seboyet . But other texts that discuss philosophy include complaints, prophecies, and testaments. Some scholars refer to these texts as a group as ?didactic literature…
TED KINSMAN Kinsman Physics Productions Technical photography is a broad description that embraces a very wide range of techniques, applications, disciplines, and industries. The individual topics are dealt with in more detail under their specific headings. Here we attempt to give a broad overview. This specialty involves the production of images created with the ultimate goal of being analyzed …
The 1930s was an era of enormous technological development in the Hollywood cinema. This chapter considers major changes in the look and sound of the studios? product. That is, its concern is with the systematic use of film techniques that constitutes a film?s style. It seeks to show how certain technological developments during the decade affected Hollywood?s canonized style. To explain such deve…
T he development of motion-picture technology during the silent-feature era was largely incremental. Increasing standardization and quality control brought filmmakers? tools up to a professional level undreamed of in the short-film era. Yet this very standardization acted as a brake on the introduction of radical technical innovations. The intermittent surges of mechanical progress that mark the e…
Firms have only just begun to fully use the Internet to obtain customer information in their database marketing processes to enhance customer relationship management (CRM). This chapter introduces a framework about how they can do this. Essentially, it argues that the advent of Internet/database marketing brings solutions to some of the difficulties in customer relationship management by prov…
[taysuhr?k] (1855?1913) French meteorologist: discovered the stratosphere. Teisserenc de Bort worked for several years as chief meteorologist at the Central Meteorological Bureau in Paris, before setting up his own observatory near Versailles in 1896. In 1902, using unmanned recoverable instrumented balloons, he discovered that above an altitude of about 11 km the temperature of the atmosphere cea…
Xiaojun Shen and Shervin Shirmohammadi University of Ottawa, Canada Definition: Tele-haptics refers to transmission of computer generated tactile sensations over the network. Multimedia and Information technology is reaching limits in terms of what can be done in multimedia applications with only sight and sound. The next critical step is to bring the sense of ?touch? over network connections, wh…
Definition: The objective of tele-operation is to allow the user to interact with and operate equipment and devices in a remote location without actually being in that location. Tele-operation can be thought of as a special case of telepresence. The objective of teleoperation is to allow the user, referred to as the ?operator?, to interact with and operate equipment and devices in a remote locatio…
Shervin Shirmohammadi University of Ottawa, Canada Jauvane C. de Oliveira National Laboratory for Scientific Computation, Petropolis, RJ, Brazil Definition: Teleconferencing is an aggregation of audio conferencing, video conferencing, and data conferencing, and includes multiple participants in a live real-time session. Teleconferencing (a.k.a. Multimedia Conference Services) consists of a liv…
Xiaojun Shen and Shervin Shirmohammadi University of Ottawa, Canada Definition: Telepresence, also called virtual presence, is a technique to create a sense of physical presence at a remote location using necessary multimedia such as sound, vision, and touch. The concept of Telepresence may come from science fiction since science fiction writers have described conceptual versions of virtual reali…
(ABC, 11/6/1977, 120 mins). Romance, intrigue, and danger and possibly murder are among the behind-the scenes elements surrounding a multimillion dollar fund raising telethon with an all star TV cast assembled against a Las Vegas backdrop. Production Company ABC Circle Films. Director David Lowell Rich. Producer Robert Lovenheim. Teleplay Roger Wilton. Photography Jacques R. Marquette. Music Peter…
TELEVISION. This visual form of in home entertainment was at one time the subject of science fiction novels and fantasy cartoons, but by the 1950s, just like with radio decades before, the technology had been developed to bring both sound and pictures into living rooms across America and throughout the world. Research had begun some 30 years earlier in both a mechanical and an electronic system fo…
Television enchanted Hollywood in 1940, but in that regard Hollywood was no different from the rest of the country. Heralded by stories of scientific breakthroughs and by occasional demonstrations of the technology, television?s arrival as a popular medium had been anticipated for more than a decade by 1940. As early as 1928, the chairman of RCA, David Sarnoff, had predicted that within five years…
(1908? ) Hungarian?US physicist: major figure in development of thermonuclear energy. Educated in Budapest and in Germany, Teller was one of the many scientists who left Germany in 1933. In 1935 he settled in the USA, becoming professor of physics at George Washington University. In 1940 he, met with a Government committee to discuss the possibility of an atomic bomb; afterwards he worked with and…
One of the king?s duties was to build and maintain temples throughout Egypt. The Egyptian word for temple meant ?god?s house,? and temples were designed to be the earthly dwellings of the gods. As such, they included all the elements necessary to provide for the care and feeding of the gods. To meet the needs of the gods a temple needed to control an extensive network of land, livestock, and perso…
In view of the numerous activities which went on daily in an Egyptian temple, it should come as no surprise that a large staff of priests, priestesses, and other support staff was necessary for the efficient functioning of the temple. For example, the temple of Amun-Re at Karnak employed 81,322 men, while the temple at Heliopolis employed 12,963, and the temple at Memphis a paltry 3,079. Technical…
Fortunately for the modern scholar, the Egyptians decorated the walls and ceilings of their temples with scenes and texts relating to the activities which went on in the temples. A few papyri relating to the temple rituals have also survived, and by putting the two together, scholars have been able to draw a fairly detailed picture of the rituals that went on within the temple. These rituals fall …
As recounted in the Gospels of *Matthew (4:1-11) and *Luke (4:1-13) and mentioned in *Mark (1:12-13), after Jesus? *Baptism, he spent a period of forty days fasting and praying in the wilderness, at the end of which time the *Devil appeared to test and tempt him with offers of extraordinary riches and power. The three specific temptations are ordered slightly differently in Matthew and Luke; the D…
Principal social themes: capital punishment, abortion Columbia Pictures. PG rating. Featuring: Richard Attenborough, John Hurt, Judy Geeson, Pat Heywood, Andre Morell, Isobel Black, Robert Hardy, Geoffrey Chater, Sam Kydd, Bernard Lee, Gabrielle Daye. Written by Clive Exton based on the book Ten Rillington Place by Ludovic Kennedy. Cinematography by Denys Coop. Edited by Ernest Walter. Music by Jo…
Robert Herenton Terrell broke barriers within the legal profession and helped establish a fraternity for African American men. Terrell was born on November 27, 1857, in Charlottesville, Virginia. His parents were Harris and Louisa Ann Terrell. As was the case for most African American youths born during this time, Terrell was educated in public schools. He attended schools in the District of Colum…
(CBS, 9/17/1971, 120 mins). This TV carbon of Arthur Hailey?s ?Airport? has crew and passengers stricken by food poisoning, forcing a washed up helicopter pilot on board to land the plane with the help of a stewardess. Previously it had been the basis for a drama ?Flight Into Danger? on TV?s ?Alcoa Hour? (1956) and then was made as ?Zero Hour,? a 1957 theatrical film with Dana Andrews and Linda Da…
(NBC, 9/17/1974, 120 mins). In television?s carbon of ?The Towering Inferno,? seven people are trapped in a skyscraper penthouse during an office party, and nobody knows they are there. Production Companies Montagne Productions, Metromedia Producers Corp. Director Jerry Jameson. Executive Producer Charles Fries. Producer Edward J. Montagne. Teleplay Jack Turley. Based on a Story by Edward J. Monta…
(CBS, 12/26/1978, 120 mins). Two bee specialists and a freelance pilot go all out to prevent another invasion force of killer bees in this sequel to ?The Savage Bees? (1976) which originally was to have been titled ?The Revenge of the Savage Bees.? Production Companies Alan Landsburg Productions, Don Kirshner Productions. Director Lee H. Katzin. Executive Producers Alan Landsburg, Don Kirshner, Me…
[ tes la] (1856?1943) Croatian?US physicist and electrical engineer: a pioneer of alternating current and inventor of the AC induction motor. Tesla studied engineering at Graz and Prague before commencing work as an electrical engineer. In 1884 he emigrated to the USA, where he worked for before quarrelling and setting up on his own. Soon afterwards he developed the alternating current induction m…
(Syndicated, 5/9/1977 to 5/23/1977, 3 Parts, 120 mins each, 6 hours). The initial production in an off network project, Operation Prime Time, started by a group of independent stations pooling their resources for high-quality drama to compete with the networks themselves. This ambitious three-part, six-hour post-Civil War costume saga, based on the 1968 Taylor Caldwell novel, intertwines several s…
[ thay leez] ( c. 625? c. 550 BC ) Ionian (Greek) merchant and philosopher; an early geometer; pioneer seeker of general physical principles underlying nature. Thales was born in Miletos (in modern Turkey) ?the most go-ahead town in the Greek world?. Thales was probably a successful merchant who visited Egypt and there learned something of Egyptian geometry; but little is firmly known of his life …
Bought by the Fox Network, the first season premiered in August of 1998. The series was suprisingly successful and rated very highly among the coveted demographics of teens and 18-49. The series lasted a total of eight seasons in all, seven with the principal cast intact. The principal cast of the show, 1998-2005. The series follows several teenagers, with the focus on everyman wallflower Eric For…
(NBC, 6/16/1977, 120 mins). A professional courier?s efforts to deliver a key witness cross-country to a New York court appearance comes under attack by professional gunmen in this pilot film for a prospective series for veteran actor Glenn Ford. Production Companies Roy Huggins Productions, Universal Television. Director Russ Mayberry. Executive Producer Roy Huggins. Producer Jo Swerling Jr. Tele…
(ABC, 1/21/1975, 90 mins). A cynical detective and a Roman Catholic bishop from the Vatican team up to investigate the reported miraculous powers of a beautiful 17-year-old girl being held captive in the home of her father, an ailing syndicate kingpin, whose associates will stop at nothing to keep her imprisoned. Subsequently titled ?They?ve Kidnapped Anne Benedict.? Based on the 1972 novel ?The I…
(CBS, 4/23/1973, 120 mins). An atmospheric dramatization of Cervantes? 17th-century tale of the self-proclaimed Spanish knight who travels the countryside with his squire, tilting at windmills as if they were dragons and trying to reform a bawdy peasant girl. This was the first of a series of co-productions and trade-offs between Universal-TV and the British Broadcasting Corporation. This was the …
(NBC, 2/20/1972, 90 mins). Nick Carter (played by Robert Conrad) learns that a fellow private eye?s death is tied into the disappearance of a wealthy playboy?s wife, and he hunts for the killer among the social register as well as the dregs of 1912 New York. Pilot to a prospective series. Production Company Universal Television. Director Paul Krasny. Executive Producer Richard Irving. Producer Sta…
(ABC, 11/20/1973, 90 mins). Natalie Wood returned to TV after an 18-year absence to costar with her husband, Robert Wagner, in this bittersweet tale of a crippled lady songwriter and the sensitive lawyer who becomes her first love. The original title until the eve of airing: ?Love Song.? The actress not only made her TV movie debut in this one but also sang the film?s theme song. Production Compan…
DAVID MALIN Anglo-Australian Observatory, RMIT University Scientific photography may be described as many things by different people and consequently this section has tried to tease out the many threads that make up its rich tapestry. Scientific photography?s beginnings can be traced to the beginning of science itself. The invention of the telescope and the microscope occurred at about the same …
ABC, 10/6/1973, 90 mins). A heist movie in which a parole officer forced into retirement teams up with three excons to hijack a 30-million-dollar gold shipment. The main interest is in seeing Fonda as a criminal mastermind in this film that was shown theatrically overseas as ?Inside Job.? Production Companies Silverton Productions, Universal Television. Director Robert Michael Lewis. Executive Pro…
(CBS, 4/13/1977 and 4/14/1977, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). An intriguing, if lethargic, look at the life of Howard Hughes, as portrayed by Tommy Lee Jones, from his takeover of the Hughes Tool Company at 18, through his rapidly expanding business ventures. The film covers his interests, ranging from golf and aviation to filmmaking and Hollywood starlets, his involvement in the Senate probe p…
(NBC, 10/24/1970, 120 mins). A noted scientist and his team of underwater explorers go deep-sea diving to hunt the villain who has stolen the world?s supply of nerve gas and is polluting the ocean. Adventure below sea level, Ivan Tors-style, in his initial plunge into the field of TV movies after his success with ?Flipper? and others. Production Companies Ivan Tors Productions, Universal Televisio…
NBC, 12/3/1975, 90 mins). A pilot for a prospective series dealing with a gypsy private eye who is dragged into a homicide case from his other job as an antique dealer when one of his colleagues is accused of the crime. Based on Martin Cruz Smith?s 1971 novel ?Gypsy in Amber.? Original title: ?Roman Grey.? Production Company Universal Television. Director Richard Irving. Executive Producer Richard…
Nearly all Egyptian works of literature are anonymous. Even in works of wisdom or teaching attributed to famous sages of the past, it is never clear to modern readers whether or not the ?I? of a first person text is the actual author or whether the attribution to a famous sage is a literary device that adds value to the advice given in the text. Though authors are difficult to name, it is still po…
(CBS, 1/31/1974, 120 mins). Winner of nine Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama of the 1973-74 season, this was one of the most acclaimed TV movies ever, highlighted by Cicely Tyson?s Emmy-winning performance as the (fictional) woman who was born into slavery in the 1850s and lived to see the Civil Rights movement a century later. Director John Korty and writer Tracy Keenan Wynn also received …
(NBC, 2/19/1978 to 2/21/1978, 3 Parts, 7 hours). A lusty frontier saga (told in three parts over seven hours) about a pioneer woman and her love for her family, the man she marries, and the land on which she lives, dramatized from Conrad Richter?s Pulitzer Prize-winning trilogy. Emmy Award nominations went to Elizabeth Montgomery (her 10th), Hal Holbrook and Jeanette Nolan for their acting, Michel…
Beyond the industrial structures and the typical glossy Hollywood cinema described elsewhere in this volume, there is another entire category of American fictional feature films created and shown under different conditions. These are the B movies, also called ?quickies,? ?cheapies,? ?low-budget,? or simply ?budget films,? even ?C? or ?Z? films. Such terms imply pictures that were regarded as secon…
(NBC, 2/22/1971, 120 mins). A suspense drama about a veteran cop who turns to the priesthood after his wife is shot to death, and three years later is assigned to a parish where he encounters the assassin who originally had been gunning for him. This was the first of two feature-length pilots for George Kennedy?s first TV series ?Sarge? that had a half-season run beginning the following September.…
(ABC, 3/13/1973, 120 mins). An undercover policewoman, played by Donna Mills, risks her life as she lures a homicidal rapist (William Devane) into a trap. Based on the 1968 cop novel by Dorothy Uhnak. Production Companies Spelling-Goldberg Productions, ABC Circle Films. Director Leonard J. Horn. Executive Producers Aaron Spelling, Leonard Goldberg. Producer Peter Nelson. Teleplay Don M. Mankiewicz…
ABC, 11/18/1969, 90 mins). The first TV movie to deal with the Vietnam War, written by actor Stuart Margolin (Angel on ?The Rockford Files?), finds a returning veteran discovering that his girlfriend has been forced into marriage, his small business is in ruins, and buddies are in short supply. In the part of the girl?s shrewish mother, veteran actress Agnes Moorehead made her TV-movie debut. Prod…
(ABC, 5/4/1975, 120 mins). A government undercover agent and the dashing owner of a boomtown San Francisco casino team up to expos? an elaborate extortion plot devised by a Confederate Army officer in this pilot for the short-lived (late 1975) series that bore a striking resemblance to the fondly remembered ?Wild, Wild West.? William Shatner repeated his role of Cable (along with his makeup trunk …
(Syndicated, 5/22/1978 and 5/23/1978, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). The first of prolific writer John Jakes? seven-part American Bicentennial series was adapted into a two-part four-hour swashbuckler in which the illegitimate son of a French nobleman fights to regain his rightful inheritance amid the dangers and intrigues when American Colonists were overthrowing British rule. This fictionaliz…
(NBC, 5/27/1979 and 5/28/1979, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). A lavish two-part romantic drama in true Ross Hunter style about a young widow whose life is complicated by a hippie daughter, a rebellious teenage son, and an ill-starred love affair with a younger man?and then a former suitor comes back into the picture. The film, an adaptation of Helen Van Slyke?s 1976 novel, not only marked Donna…
Talk may help the ballyhoo. It does not enhance the entertainment and is so palpably unnecessary that laymen are apt to sense this even if lacking the trade knowledge to define the flaws. Variety , 3 A PRIL 1929, ON THE DIALOGUE SEQUENCES IN THE GODLESS GIRL The ?coming of sound? meant different things to the production and exhibition ends of the industry. Although the pace of equipment installati…
(NBC, 3/11/1975, 90 mins). This was the pilot for Tony Curtis? ?McCoy? series (1975-76) with an elaborate ?sting? which he concocts to recover $250,000 in ransom from the kidnappers of a millionaire?s wife. Production Company Universal Television. Director Dean Hargrove. Producers Dean Hargrove, Roland Kibbee. Teleplay Dean Hargrove, Roland Kibbee. Created by Dean Hargrove, Roland Kibbee. Photogra…
(ABC, 4/15/1979, 120 mins). A James Bondish superspy is assigned to thwart the devious plans of a master agent who is threatening to destroy the planet unless he is paid one billion dollars within 48 hours. This light-hearted thriller was the pilot for a proposed series. Production Companies David Gerber Productions, Columbia Pictures Television. Director Barry Shear. Executive Producer David Gerb…
MUSICAL GENRE AND ARTISTIC CONVENTION. As early as 1768 when James Bruce discovered the tomb of Ramesses III, Westerners have been aware of the idea of the blind harpist in Egyptian art. Bruce discovered two images of a blind harpist who sang about death in the tomb. Bruce had discovered what proved to be a very common theme in Egyptian art. At least 47 tombs in the Theban necropolis depict blind…
(CBS, 5/9/1975, 90 mins). Veteran cop Bumper Morgan searches the Los Angeles barrio for the killer of an aging colleague in this pilot for the 1975-76 series. George Kennedy took over the role originated in the 1973 miniseries by William Holden. Production Company Lorimar Productions. Director J. Lee Thompson. Executive Producer Lee Rich. Producer John Furia Jr. Teleplay Albert Ruben. Based on the…
(NBC, 11/11/1973 to 11/16/1973, 3 Parts, 4 hours). Veteran actor William Holden made his dramatic debut on TV in the role of Bumper Morgan, a 20-year veteran of the Los Angeles Police Department on his last few days on the force before his retirement, and won an Emmy Award for his performance. The miniseries form as subsequently established began with this four-hour film that was shown initially i…
(NBC, 12/14/1973, 90 mins). An engaging fantasy about a family of inches-tall little people who live beneath the floorboards of a Victorian county house in peace and quiet until discovered by an eight-year-old boy. Based on the 1952 novel by Mary Norton, the taped movie was Emmy nominated as Outstanding Children?s Special, with nominations also going to Dame Judith Anderson and director Walter C. …
ABC, 11/12/1976, 120 mins). John Travolta stars as a teenager born with no immunities and forced to live in an incubator-like environment isolating him from any direct human contact. He is faced with a life or death decision when he falls in love with the girl next door. Diana Hyland, playing the boy?s mother, won an Emmy Award for her performance.Writers Douglas Day Stewart and Joseph Morgenstern…
Principal social themes: women?s rights, child abuse/spouse abuse, divorce, education/literacy, homelessness/poverty Tisch Productions. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Farrah Fawcett, Paul LeMat, Richard Masur, Grace Zabriskie, Penelope Milford, Christa Denton, James Callahan, Gary Grubbs, Virgil Frye, Dixie Wade, Deena Michaels, Jeremy Ross. Written by Rose L. Goldemberg based on the book by Faith McN…
(CBS, 11/19/1971, 90 mins). A syndicate contract killing in broad daylight of a shipping tycoon?s son on a San Francisco cable car leads two police detectives into a complex search for the killer, involving a drug kingpin, the victim?s sister, a family business associate, the dead man?s physician friend, and the impatient captain of police. This pilot film for a series that was to have starred Rob…
(ABC, 9/25/1974, 90 mins). After a number of speeders have deliberately been sent to their deaths by a psychotic sheriff in a small-town speed trap, the brother of a recent victim rolls into town in his hot rod and forces the lawman into a high speed duel. Real-life brothers Martin Sheen and Joe Estevez played fictional brothers and future star Nick Nolte had a small role as a local punk in this o…
(NBC, 5/22/1976, 120 mins). Jack London?s classic tale of two men, a trapper and a prospector, who, with the aid of a magnificent dog, battle the frozen Klondike in an effort to reach gold country. Clark Gable had starred in William Wellman?s 1935 version, and Charlton Heston headed a multinational cast in the 1974 remake. James Dickey, author of ?Deliverance,? wrote the teleplay for this version.…
BOB ROSE VMI, Inc. The camera is a tool that controls the transmission of light or other energy that is required to create a visual record using light-sensitive materials or digital sensors. The energy from a scene is transmitted into a dark chamber by an opening in one end, which allows light from the scene within the angle of coverage of the lens to enter the camera. The light going through the…
(NBC, 5/3/1979, 90 mins). In the second of three additional Gilligan?s Island movies following the series, the gang finds a way of getting rescued from the ?uncharted desert isle? for a second time through a series of misadventures but comes back to turn it into a tropical resort for uptight mainlanders. Production Companies Sherwood Schwartz Company, Redwood Productions, Universal Television. Dir…
ABC, 12/11/1973, 90 mins). In this chiller, a valentine of sorts to the fondly remembered horror B-movie, the theft of an amulet from the mummy of an Egyptian priestess sets off a reign of terror that involves an archeology professor, a mysterious shopkeeper, a pretty salesgirl, and an Oriental thief. Production Companies Douglas S. Cramer Productions, Screen Gems, Columbia Pictures Television. Di…
(NBC, 6/2/1972, 120 mins). A Seattle ex-cop and a Harvard graduate team up to locate fugitives, errant husbands and other missing persons, and are hired to undertake a cross-country search for a runaway coed in this pilot that never caught on. This modern bounty hunter-themed film was made in 1970. Production Companies HBL Productions, Screen Gems, Columbia Pictures Television. Director Allen H. M…
(ABC, 4/17/1974, 90 mins). After many years with ?My Three Sons,? Fred MacMurray made his TV movie debut in this pilot about a concerned father whose brood consists of one son, three daughters, two sons-in-law, and the Chinese-American boyfriend of the youngest girl. The revised concept worked better later as ?Eight Is Enough.? Production Company Universal Television. Director David Lowell Rich. E…
ABC, 2/10/1970, 90 mins). This offbeat war movie has an armed conflict between the United States and an Asian country reduced to the lowestcommon denominator, with one surrogate soldier from each country (Darren McGavin and Mako) in a fight to the death on a deserted island. Production Company Twentieth Century Fox Television. Director Michael Toshiyuki Uno. Producers Ed Palmer, Jay Cipes. Telepla…
(CBS, 2/20/1970, 120 mins). Racing drivers compete here for the Grand Prix. Filmed in March 1968, it originally was scheduled for airing on March 28, 1969, but was preempted because of the death of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Ironically, the film starring Darren McGavin ended up premiering just days after a similarly titled McGavin movie, ?The Challenge.? Production Companies Roy Huggins Productions, Un…
SCOTT WILLIAMS, PH.D. Rochester Institute of Technology Photography was moved from the artisan into the consumer?s hands by 20th century innovations in film and paper improvements. Important events were also imaged and preserved in color, for the first time during this century, with realistic sharpness and vibrancy. Most photographic media innovations, whether on film or paper, relied on the sam…
(ABC, 3/9/1979, 120 mins). In this drama, a young mother (Blair Brown) battles to get her children back after her ex-husband (Beau Bridges) kidnaps them and the law won?t help her in her efforts. Production Companies The Production Company, Columbia Pictures Television. Director Mel Damski. Executive Producers Franklin R. Levy, Mike Wise. Producer Hugh Benson. Teleplay Sue Milburn. Photography Rob…
(CBS, 3/29/1979 to 4/19/1979, 4 Parts, 6 hours). The sprawling four-part frontier saga, based on Evan Hunter?s 1976 novel, of a close-knit pioneer family?s hazardous trek from their home in Virginia to Fort Laramie, Wyoming, and ultimately California. The subsequent brief series (January-March 1980) ?killed off? Robert Preston in the opening segment. Production Company Alan Landsburg Productions. …
Principal social theme: abortion Greene Productions. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Susan Clark, Mitchell Ryan, Largo Woodruff, Paul Regina, Jennifer Warren, Kathleen Lloyd, Lisa Jane Persky, John Chappell, Joanne Naile, Justin Lord, Cheryl Smith. Written by Dennis Nemec. Cinematography by Stevan Larner. Edited by Parkie Singh. Music by Johann Sebastian Bach and Leopold Stokowski. Produced by Joseph M…
(ABC, 5/17/1971, 120 mins). Anthony Quinn?s powerhouse TV-movie debut as a shirt-sleeved mayor in Albuquerque who solves urban as well as personal problems later led him to reprise the role in the brief (1971) series that was retitled ?The Man and the City.? Production Company Universal Television. Director Daniel Petrie. Producer Frank Price. Teleplay Howard Rodman. Photography Jack Marta. Music …
(NBC, 1/12/1977, 90 mins). A police-drama pilot featuring two Los Angeles cops (Robert Forster and Don Johnson) scouring the city in search of a psychotic with a deadly grudge against a country singer. Production Companies Quinn Martin Productions, NBC Productions. Director Harvey Hart. Executive Producer Quinn Martin. Producer John Wilder. Teleplay John Wilder. Photography Jacques R. Marquette. M…
Massie Block A gorgeous brunette with shiny hair, golden eyes and a glacier-white smile. The ruthless leader of OCD?s most popular girls group the ?Pretty Committee.? Known for her sharp tongue and classy attitiude. Boys she likes include Derrick Harrington a.k.a. ?Derrington? and Cam Fisher. Claire Lyons The blonde Floridian beauty with snow-white skin, sapphire eyes and a casual fashion sense.…
NBC, 9/14/1978, 120 mins). A sci-fi series pilot involving a biochemist, working on a top-secret government project, who clones 13 perfect replicas of himself and sends them forth to fight evil wherever it might exist in the world. Production Companies Mel Ferber Productions, Paramount Network Television. Director Don Medford. Executive Producer Mel Ferber. Producer John D. F. Black. Teleplay John…
(CBS, 7/21/1978, 120 mins). An ex-comedian (Jack Albertson) fights to keep a failing nightclub alive as a showcase for aspiring young comics. George Burns makes an appearance as himself. Production Companies Merrit Malloy-Jerry Adler Productions, MGM Television. Director Lee Philips. Executive Producer Jerry Adler. Producer Merrit Malloy. Teleplay Lee Kalcheim. Photography Matthew F. Leonetti. Mus…
CBS, 10/17/1979, 120 mins). Country singer Jerry Reed and Tom Selleck, in his first major role in a made for TV movie (following the miniseries, ?The Sacketts?), are a pair of good old boys from Montana who make their way to Nashville, are approached by Morgan Fairchild to help locate her missing sister, an aspiring singer, and find themselves knee deep in an intricate blackmail scheme. Reed starr…
(CBS, 1/29/1979, 120 mins). In this remake of the 1945 Bette Davis movie, reuniting Katharine Hepburn and director George Cukor for the 10th time in 37 years (he directed her in her first move, ?Bill of Divorcement?), Lilly Moffat, the strong-willed spinster teacher, goes again on her mission to educate the illiterate youth of a turn-of-the-century North Wales mining community and finds one with a…
(NBC, 1/10/1975, 120 mins). A sumptuous new version of the adventure classic that already had been filmed more than a dozen times. Louis Jourdan, who plays DeVillefort this time, was Edmond Dantes in the 1961 adaptation. Both Richard Chamberlain and Trevor Howard won Emmy Award nominations for their performances. Production Companies Rosemont Productions, ITC Entertainment Group. Director David Gr…
(NBC, 5/27/1978, 120 mins). The private lives and personal problems of Air Force test pilots on a sprawling base called ?Joshua Tree,? which was to have been the title for this movie and the prospective series that programmers hoped it would spawn, created by and starring Vince Edwards. Production Companies David Gerber Productions, Columbia Pictures Television. Director John Llewellyn Moxey. Exec…
(ABC, 3/16/1979, 120 mins). Drama, adapted from Joyce Rebeta Burditt?s 1977 novel, depicts the problems of a suburban housewife (played by Natalie Wood), suffering from fits of depression and alcoholism, and her stay in a psychiatric center after a feeble suicide attempt. Production Companies Roger Gimbel Productions, EMI Television. Director Burt Brinckerhoff. Executive Producers Roger Gimbel, To…
(NBC, 9/11/1978 and 9/12/1978, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). Two two-hour pilot films are strung together here in which a hospital director in line for a federal cabinet post first finds that his private life may jeopardize the opportunity and then discovers himself in the middle of a scandal involving stolen federal health funds. Based on the novels ?Skeleton? and ?The Critical List? by Dr. M…
(NBC, 1/11/1971, 120 mins). This was the sequel to ?The D.A.: Murder One? (1969) and the second pilot for the short-lived series ?The D.A.? (1971-72) that starred Robert Conrad, Harry Morgan, Julie Cobb and Ned Romero. Production Companies Mark VII Ltd., Universal Television. Director Paul Krasny. Producer Robert H. Forward. Teleplay Stanford Whitmore. Photography Alric Edens. Music Frank Comstock…
(NBC, 12/8/1969, 120 mins). A deputy district attorney shows up his supervisors by proving that an attractive nurse has murdered her rich husbands and relatives through insulin overdoses. This was the pilot for the subsequent series (1971-72) that starred Robert Conrad, who wasjoined in it by Harry Morgan, Julie Cobb (Lee J.?s daughter) and Ned Romero as regulars. Production Companies Mark VII Ltd…
(CBS, 5/22/1978 to 5/24/1978, 3 Parts, 120 mins each, 6 hours). Actor James Coburn returned to TV acting after 14 years to star as Dashiell Hammett?s fictional detective Hamilton Nash in this complex six-hour tale of the 1920s that has the private eye looking into a diamond robbery and finding himself involved with a young woman?s obsession with a deadly family curse. The Mystery Writers of Americ…
Most dancers were women who belonged to the bureau called the khener . A smaller number of men were also khener members. The khener was a bureau within other institutions, including the royal palace, a temple, a town, or the household or the tomb of a wealthy individual. Many earlier scholars confused the khener with a ?harem,? the Turkish word for women?s quarters that housed wives and concubines…
(ABC, 12/25/1966, 120 mins). A Western about a drifter (Robert Horton) who is deputized by a dying marshal to deliver two killers to prison and his efforts to elude a pair of bounty hunters who want his charges. Based on the 1963 novel by Western writer Clifford Adams. This was a pilot for prospective series that failed to materialize. Production Company MGM Television. Director Alex March. Produc…
(NBC, 1/23/1978 and 1/24/1978, 2 Parts, 180/120 mins, 5 hours). Two-part suspense drama, adapted from actor-turned-author Tom Tryon?s best-selling 1973 novel ?Harvest Home,? chronicling the events that beset a New York commercial artist when he and his wife and daughter move to a rustic New England village they visited during their travels, only to find a ritualistic lifestyle full of foreboding s…
(NBC, 5/20/1976, 120 mins). A drama involving three generations of a family in middle-class suburbia: an affluent housewife who feels that life is passing her by, the daughter she embitters by walking out on the family, and the mother whose traditional values are shaken by the woman?s divorce. This was a pilot for a prospective series that never made the cut. Production Company Warner Bros. Televi…
(CBS, 4/3/1979, 120 mins). A psychological thriller about a research biologist who, angered when an associate is given a position over him based on stolen research findings, agrees to assist his former professor in a cloning experiment in which a duplicate of himself is created and which then, with a mind and will of its own, falls in love with the biologist?s wife. Production Companies Bob Banner…
(ABC, 9/13/1972, 90 mins). An amiable Western about a rascally fur trapper (Buddy Ebsen) who, in a scheme to keep his landholdings in the wake of a homesteading law, recruits a prostitute, a thief and a pickpocket to portray his daughters. Two sequels to this film later would follow. Production Company Spelling-Goldberg Productions. Director Philip Leacock. Executive Producers Aaron Spelling, Leon…
(ABC, 1/28/1975, 90 mins). In the second of the ?Joshua Cabe? movies this one with an entirely different cast the three shady ladies, hired by a rascally old rancher to pose as his daughters, are outwitted by the real father of one, who kidnaps his own daughter and holds her for a ransom Cabe can?t pay. Production Company Spelling-Goldberg Productions. Director David Lowell Rich. Executive Produce…
(CBS, 3/16/1977, 120 mins). A professional hockey player (Michael Moriarty), compelled by his drive to succeed and by financial pressures to adopt a more aggressive playing style, gets involved with violence on the ice, resulting in the death of a player and a manslaughter charge against him. Production Company Titus Productions. Director Robert Markowitz. Executive Producer Herbert Brodkin. Produ…
(NBC, 1/10/1977, 120 mins). A confused teenager (Robby Benson) turns to drugs, leading to erratic outbursts in school and violent quarrels with his straight arrow father. Adapted from the book by Thomas Thompson. Production Companies Henry Jaffe Enterprises, NBC Productions. Director Paul Wendkos. Executive Producer Charles B FitzSimmons. Producer Michael Jaffe. Teleplay John McGreevey. Based on a…
(ABC, 1/8/1974, 90 mins). A television carbon of Clint Eastwood?s ?Magnum Force? (1973), this movie likewise has a hard-nosed cop going after a self styled assassination squad of bad cops who are methodically eliminating criminals they feel were wrongly exonerated in court. Robert Forster is the one routing out the bad apples. Production Company Spelling Goldberg Productions. Director Harry Falk. …
Assion Lawson-Body University of North Dakota, USA Glenda Rotvold University of North Dakota, USA Justin Rotvold Techwise Solutions, LLC, USA With the advancement of wireless technology and widespread use of mobile devices, many innovative mobile applications are emerging (Tarasewich & Warkentin, 2002; Varshney & Vetter, 2002; Zhang, 2003). Wireless technology refers to the hardware and softwar…
(CBS, 1/23/1978, 120 mins). A fact-based drama about the Lithuanian seaman (played by Alan Arkin) who made an abortive attempt for freedom in 1970 by leaping from a Russian ship to the deck of an American Coast Guard cutter in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Director David Lowell Rich and editor John A. Martinelli each received an Emmy Award for this film, which also gained nominations for Donald Pleas…
(ABC, 3/6/1972, 120 mins). A suspense drama that has a government agent with a photographic memory assigned to solve the disappearance of an entire fleet of old Air Force planes. Laurence Luckinbill again played the talented operative in the subsequent series (1972-73) with Celeste Holm repeating her role, later to be replaced by Anne Jeffreys. Production Company Warner Bros. Television. Director …
(ABC, 3/5/1975, 90 mins). A disabled Vietnam veteran, out to prove that a person does not have to be helpless, embarks on a grueling 130-mile trip in a wheelchair, an odyssey in which his life is endangered by a paranoid truck driver. Production Companies Frank von Zerneck Films, Robert Greenwald Productions, Universal Television. Director Daniel Haller. Executive Producer Joel Rogosin. Producers …
(NBC, 12/3/1971, 120 mins). Western hokum about Mexican bandit-folk hero Joaquin Murieta here shown to be a frontier Robin Hood, fighting a bunch of ruthless hombres and, with three cohorts, righting wrongs done to harassed pioneers. Filmed in 1969, it was initially shown outside the United States in 1970 under the title ?Joaquin Murieta.? Production Companies Montalban Enterprises, Twentieth Cent…
(ABC, 1/9/1973, 90 mins). A young girl whose mother had sold her soul to the devil in infancy is now called to the fold by Satan (in the guise of Shelley Winters) who tries to marry her off to a fellow demon. This devil-worshipping horror tale was assembled by the producers and the writer of such later collaborations as ?Silver Streak? and ?Foul Play.? Production Companies Miller-Milkis Production…
(NBC, 11/17/1976, 120 mins). A dramatization of the unexplained six-week disappearance in 1926 of evangelist Aimee Semple McPhearson after which a court hearing had to decide whether she had been kidnapped to Mexico as she claimed or trysting with a married man as the police and her mother (played by Bette Davis) suspected. This was Faye Dunaway?s TV movie debut in a role that was scheduled to be …
Principal social theme: divorce MGM. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Norma Shearer, Chester Morris, Robert Montgomery, Conrad Nagel, Florence Eldridge, Helene Millard, Robert Elliott, Mary Doran, Tyler Brooke, Zelda Sears, George Irving, Helen Johnson, Carl Stockdale, Theodore von Eltz. Written by John Meehan, Nick Grinde, and Zelda Sears based on the novel Ex-Wife by Ursula Parrott. Cinematography by …
(NBC, 12/13/1966, 120 mins). A controversial thriller about a madman who puts the lives of a group of travelers in jeopardy by planting an altitude activated bomb aboard a plane in an extortion plot against the airline. Rod Serling?s screenplay was so detailed creating a device that would explode below 5,000 feet that a? Production Company Universal Television. Director William A. Graham. Producer…
(NBC, 1/7/1975, 90 mins). A college professor becomes a top recording company executive, only to be swept out of a job in the wake of a payola scandal. Singer Kenny Rogers? acting debut. Original title: ?The Death of Sammy.? Production Company MGM Television. Director Boris Sagal. Executive Producer Charles Robert McLain. Producer Boris Sagal. Teleplay Bill Svanoe. Photography Howard R. Schwartz. …
Norhayati Zakaria Syracuse University, USA Shafiz A. Mohd Yusof Syracuse University, USA The world continues to be driven by the rapid development of information technology and globalization. Not surprisingly, the working environments that have been projected to grow the fastest are all related to the usage of computers, the Internet, and information systems. With globalization, many multination…
A literary canon is a group or body of related literary works, often sanctioned by an authority. Though modern canons of literature have traditionally been set by universities or other official bodies, there is no authoritative body that scholars know today from ancient Egypt that would have designated an Egyptian literary canon. In fact, for ancient Egypt the canon consists of the works that have…
Kirk W. Duthler The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA Discussing Google?s reliance on the AdWord as a major source of revenue, Wired?s Josh McHugh (2004) wrote of the obstacles faced by Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page in the late 1990?s: ? the biggest challenge was convincing venture capitalists that Google could actually make money serving up minimalist, fast loading, tex…
(NBC, 3/10/1976, 120 mins). A semi-musical adaptation of John Osborne?s stage and screen drama (both of which starred Laurence Olivier) about a second-rate vaudevillian, still struggling at middle age for success and stardom. The setting is changed from the original British to an American seaside resort and has Emmy Award-nominated performances by Jack Lemmon, Ray Bolger and Sada Thompson, with El…
T he Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was formed by Hollywood?s silent-film community just as the silent film itself was about to pass from the scene. The announced goals of the Academy were ?to develop harmony and adjust differences and grievances within the industry, ? promote the good repute of the profession and protect it from outside attack, and ? aid in the advancement of the mot…
(NBC, 3/13/1974, 150 mins). Martin Sheen received an Emmy nomination for his portrayal of the only American soldier to be executed for desertion since the Civil War, going to the firing squad in 1945. The film, Emmy-nominated as Outstanding Drama of the 1973-74 season, is a dramatization of William Bradford Huie?s controversial 1954 book which, several years after publication, Frank Sinatra had ac…
(ABC, 2/29/1972, 90 mins). A young man inherits the ability to see visions from beyond the grave after his uncle?s sudden death and is persuaded to investigate a girl?s story about her brother?s alleged murder. Although no music score is credited because of a composer?s strike against TV film packagers at the time, Henry Mancini happened to recognize much of his ?Wait Until Dark? score, which Warn…
(CBS, 10/8/1971, 90 mins). A young Iowa schoolteacher (Elizabeth Ashley) thinks she is dying of leukemia, goes to San Francisco where she hires a syndicate killer to take her life, then changes her mind and tries to cancel the contract with the help of the local police. Based on the 1967 novel ?Sally? by E.V. Cunningham (actually black-listed writer Howard Fast). Production Company Quinn Martin Pr…
(CBS, 12/19/1979, 120 mins). Ed Asner is a happily married family man and owner of a parking garage in Manhattan who drifts into a romance with one of his customers, attractive Meredith Baxter Birney, who has been having troubles with her lover. Based on Thomas Gallagher?s 1955 book ?The Monogamist.? Production Company Time-Life Television. Director Glenn Jordan. Executive Producers David Susskind…
(CBS, 9/12/1972, 90 mins). A drama about underworld pressures on a crime syndicate chief, played by Ben Gazzara, who is torn between his love for a younger brother who defects and his own loyalty to the organization. The 1957 theatrical version of the story, ?The Brothers Rico,? starred Richard Conte and Kathryn Grant, who had just become Mrs. Bing Crosby. Based on the novel by French pulp writer …
(CBS, 11/8/1974, 120 mins). The title tells it all in this meticulously restaged first film in a series by producer Quinn Martin based on landmark FBI cases. Through the 1978-79 season, only two others followed, indicating perhaps that Martin lost interest or Bureau cooperation. Subsequently retitled ?The FBI Story Alvin Karpis.? Production Companies Quinn Martin Productions, Warner Bros. Televisi…
(ABC, 1/26/1971, 90 mins). A familiar TV sitcom plot that makes roommates of dedicated women?s libber Barbara Eden and male chauvinist cop David Hartman. Production Company Columbia Pictures Television. Director Jerry Paris. Producer Claudio Guzman. Teleplay James Henerson. Photography Emil Oster. Music Allyn Ferguson, Jack Elliot. Editor Bud Molin. Art Director Phillip Bennett, Ross Bellah. Assoc…
I n the years immediately following the Spanish-American War, the motion-picture industry gained a modicum of stability as exhibitors found permanent venues for their services, primarily in vaudeville houses. Since dependable outlets in turn required a larger and more regular supply of films, all aspects of the industry were affected. Biograph, in particular, prospered. By October 1898, Biograph?s…
I n SUNSET BOULEVARD (1950), Billy Wilder?s poisoned love letter to the silent cinema, Erich von Stroheim gives William Holden a little lesson in film history. ?There were three young directors who showed promise in those days,? he says. ?D. W. Griffith, Cecil B. DeMille, and Max von Mayerling.? This judgment is not proto-auteurism, nor a self-serving application of the great-man theory of film hi…
(ABC, 5/13/1975, 90 mins). An idealistic young surgical resident (Canadian actor Scott Hylands) confronts the realities of medical ethics with a life and a career at stake during his first hectic hours on call at a big city hospital. Onetime Hollywood star Dana Andrews has a special cameo appearance as one of the senior doctors. Production Company Columbia Pictures Television. Director Alexander S…
The royal funeral complexes of the Fourth Dynasty (2625?2500 B.C.E. ) exhibit three major changes from Djoser?s previously built complex at Saqqara. First, the step pyramid of Dynasty Three evolved to become the true pyramids of Dynasties Four through Twelve (2625?1759 B.C.E. ). The second major change was the rotation from a north/south orientation at Djoser?s complex in Saqqara to an east/west o…
(NBC, 10/15/1979, 120 mins). In this romantic, filmed in Ireland, melodrama, taken from Barbara Cartland?s 1975 bestseller, Linda Purl is a turn-of-the-century American heiress who, while en route to her betrothal to an English duke (Timothy Dalton), encounters love and intrigue in the arms of a French journalist (Shane Briant). Production Companies Friendly-O?Herlihy Ltd., NBC Productions. Direct…
(NBC, 1/1/1978, 120 mins). The fifth filming of the adventure classic about a British soldier (Beau Bridges, among an all-English cast) in the 1880s who fights to regain his honor after being given four white feathers, symbols of cowardice. Previously made in 1921, 1929, 1939 and 1956. Olga Lehmann received an Emmy Award nomination for her period costumes. Production Companies Rosemont Productions…
(ABC, 11/15/1979 to 11/18/1979, 3 Parts, 120 mins each, 6 hours). There?s terror on the high seas when cult leader Telly Savalas and his fanatic followers, among whom is devoted Shelley Winters, seize a luxury liner commanded by Louis Jourdan and hold a stellar roster of film and TV luminaries for a ransom of $70 million in gold. Chad Everett is a successful novelist whose earlier sympathetic piec…
Joanna Lumsden National Research Council of Canada IIT e-Business, Canada Many experts predicted that this, the first decade of the 21 st century, will be the decade of mobile computing; although in recent years mobile technology has been one of the major growth areas in computing, the hype has thus far exceeded the reality (Urbaczewski, Valacich, & Jessup, 2003). Why is this? A recent internatio…
MILLARD SCHISLER Rochester Institute of Technology New hardware products and software developments have made publishing widely accessible to the masses, but these same possibilities also present their challenges to the future of published materials. To talk about the future of anything is definitely a challenge unto itself. Things have changed so much in the last 20 years in the publishing indus…
Awards: Advertising Age?s Marketer of the Year, 1997 ???????? Gold Medal Winner, National Retail Federation, 1997 In the late 1960s, lifestyles in America were changing rapidly. Society was becoming more relaxed, people had more leisure time to spend on recreational activities, social roles for women were changing, and the hippy movement was questioning societal norms with open protest and blata…
(ABC, 12/4/1977, 120 mins). A crusty businessman (Edward Asner), facing his last Christmas, makes an 11th hour attempt to pull together the family he shattered by allowing them to become second to his work and that he left years earlier. Emmy winner as Outstanding Special of 1977-78, with nominations also going to Maureen Stapleton, director Randal Kleiser, writer James Poe, production designer Ja…
(NBC, 12/17/1979, 120 mins). Maureen Stapleton re-creates her Emmy-nominated role of Kate Thornton in this continuation of the movie that was the Emmy-winning drama special of the 1977-78 season. Although Ed Asner, the loving husband who died in the original, was not around, his photo is on prominent display in the family living room to remind everyone about the original as his widow, who has take…
(NBC, 2/18/1978, 120 mins). A supernatural mystery, based on John G. Fuller?s 1976 book, involving an actual plane crash in December 1972 in the Florida Everglades and the subsequent legend growing from it about the recurring presence on other flights of the ghostly figure of its captain. For his photography, Howard R. Schwartz won an Emmy Award nomination. Production Companies Emmet G. Lavery Jr.…
(CBS, 12/15/1979, 120 mins). Pete Hamill?s 1973 novel about a young Brooklyn man (Gary Frank) home on Christmas leave from the Navy in the early ?50s for a nostalgic visit to his boyhood world. Glenn Ford is his hard drinking, one-legged Irish father; Julie Harris his supportive dreamer of a mother. Ford and Harris previously co starred as husband and wife in the similarly titled 1974 TV movie, ?T…
(ABC, 12/8/1978, 120 mins). Marie Osmond made her dramatic acting debut playing a poor little rich girl who loses her heart to a penniless immigrant in New York of the Gay ?90s in this variation of ?The Gift of the Magi,? the O. Henry tale that has the young woman cutting and selling her long hair to buy a watch fob for her husband who secretly has sold his priceless watch to buy a set of jeweled …
(CBS, 10/12/1977, 120 mins). A battle of wills between a concerned young doctor and ancient Indian witchcraft, with the future of a teenage Indian girl, sent to a state reformatory as an incorrigible, at stake. Adapted from Marilyn Harris? 1973 book. Production Companies Roger Gimbel Productions, EMI Television. Director George Schaefer. Executive Producer Roger Gimbel. Producer George Schaefer. T…
(NBC, 9/20/1977, 120 mins). In this pilot film for a series about a small town police chief, an investigation is launched after a girl, believed to have died months earlier, turns up at the funeral of her murdered parents. In search of a successful follow-up series to ?The Andy Griffith Show,? Griffith played his familiar homespun law enforcer, this time without laughs, and without a series. Origi…
(ABC, 11/6/1973, 90 mins). A black comedy about the trials of an ugly girl (played by Stockard Channing) who undergoes plastic surgery and then, through a series of bizarre killings, takes revenge on those who have been mean to her. Based on a story by Joan Rivers. Production Company ABC Circle Films. Director Lee Philips. Producer Everett Chambers. Teleplay Agnes Gallin. Based on a Story by Joan …
(ABC, 2/14/1973, 90 mins). An unmarried teacher (Shirley Jones) in a school for unwed mothers including a young Sissy Spacek finds herself increasingly drawn to her students? problems, leading to a deep emotional crisis. Adapted from the 1972 novel by Blossom Elfman. Production Company Lorimar Productions. Director Alf Kjellin. Executive Producer Lee Rich. Producer Robert L. Jacks. Teleplay Paul S…
Principal social themes: immigration, homelessness/poverty Columbia. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Vittorio Gassman, Gloria Grahame, Ann Robinson, Douglas Spencer, Robin Raymond, Jerry Paris, Elizabeth Slifer, Kathleen Freeman, Richard Reeves, Joe Turkel, Ned Booth, Michael Fox, Else Neft, Jack Teagarden. Written by Ivan Tors and Maxwell Shane. Cinematography by Joseph F. Biroc. Edited by Herbert L. …
(ABC, 11/26/1974, 90 mins). An update of the oft-filmed ?The Three Godfathers,? previously made in 1916 with Harry Carey, repeating his role in John Ford?s 1919 version (?Marked Men?), in William Wyler?s 1929 adaptation (?Hell?s Heroes?) with Charles Bickford, in Richard Boleslavski?s 1936 production with Chester Morris and Walter Brennan, and in John Ford?s Technicolor version with John Wayne in …
h2>CHARACTERISTICS. For the Egyptians, the gods represented the powers of nature conceived as personalized beings. They helped to explain the world, how it came into existence, why it continued to exist, and why events occurred as they did. The Egyptian gods had many characteristics that distinguish them from the Western conception of ?god.? Egyptian gods had a beginning; they did not always exis…
(CBS, 10/3/1979, 120 mins). Gruff detective David Janssen reluctantly joins with nun Susannah York to prove that a priest?s fall from the Golden Gate Bridge was murder instead of the official verdict of suicide. This had all the look of a pilot to a prospective and somewhat offbeat series and has been shown theatrically overseas as ?Specter on the Bridge.? Production Company Universal Television. …
Principal social theme: homelessness/poverty Twentieth Century Fox. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Henry Fonda, Jane Darwell, John Carradine, Charley Grapewin, Dorris Bowdon, Russell Simpson, O. Z. Whitehead, John Qualen, Eddie Quillan, Zeffie Tilbury, Frank Sully, Frank Darien, Darryl Hickman, Shirley Mills, Roger Imhof, Grant Mitchell, Charles D. Brown, John Arledge, Ward Bond, Harry Tyler, Charles …
(CBS, 10/25/1978, 120 mins). A comedy drama, adapted from Erma Bombeck?s 1976 book, about a New York couple who decided to dump the hassle of the big city, pack up the kids and move to what they think is the easy life of suburbia. Carol Burnett made her TV-movie debut in this film that followed her departure from the grind of weekly television after 10 years of her legendary variety series. Produc…
(ABC, 2/13/1973, 90 mins). The pursuit by America?s loveliest girls for a coveted beauty crown is threatened by a scandal that implicates a judge, a former winner and one of the five finalists. Production Companies Spelling-Goldberg Productions, ABC Circle Films. Director Robert Day. Executive Producers Aaron Spelling, Leonard Goldberg. Producer Everett Chambers. Teleplay Stanford Whitmore. Photog…
(ABC, 10/8/1976, 120 mins). A somewhat romanticized biographical dramatization of the life and times of the world-renowned illusionist and escape artist whose glittering career masked a deep obsession with the occult, culminated by a vow that one day he would speak from the beyond, a promise he made to his wife on his deathbed in 1926. Ruth Gordon won an Emmy Award nomination for her performance a…
(ABC, 11/6/1974, 90 mins). A heist comedy pitting a dogged retired cop against a dapper gangster and his cohorts who, with four million dollars indiamonds in their possession, use a cross-country bus to make their getaway. Production Companies Dan Curtis Productions, ABC Circle Films. Director Dan Curtis. Producer Dan Curtis. Teleplay Andrew Peter Marin. Photography Paul Lohmann. Music Bob Cobert.…
(NBC, 2/13/1973, 120 mins). A comedy-drama, filmed in 1969, about how a letter from a 10 year old girl urged President Lincoln to grow a beard and altered America?s most famous face. Based on the one-act play by screenwriter Adrian Scott, who gained notoriety in the late 1940s as one of the Hollywood 10 and was blacklisted for many years. This was his last major work. Production Company Universal …
(NBC, 11/4/1974, 120 mins). An impoverished small town preacher struggles to provide for his family while leading a dwindling congregation, battling restless church deacons and standing up to a bullying sheriff in a small southern town in 1940. The subsequent short lived series, ?The Family Holvak? (Sept. Nov. 1975), reteamed Glenn Ford, Julie Harris and Lance Kerwin but was moved back in time to …
(CBS, 10/26/1977, 120 mins). In the 1950s, a real-life teenage athlete (comedian Jimmie Walker in a rare dramatic role) learns that he has leukemia, and his winning spirit is threatened as he faces a major basketball tournament just before Christmas, while his dad?s struggle to maintain his own self-respect often blinds him to his son?s emotional needs. Based on the novel by Don Robinson. Producti…
(ABC, 4/3/1974, 90 mins). A fugitive gunfighter (played by Marjoe Gortner), disguised as a preacher, is faced with defending townspeople at the mercy of a crooked land baron. Adapted from a novel by Jack Ehrlich. Production Companies Danny Thomas Productions, Cine Enterprises Productions. Director Daniel Petrie. Executive Producer Paul Witt. Producer Paul Maslansky. Teleplay William Bowers. Based …
(ABC, 3/13/1974, 90 mins). An ex-gunslinger who survives his own hanging turns into a mystical avenger fighting for justice in the Old West, coming first to the help of a young widow who is trying to keep her silver mine from the clutches of an unscrupulous land baron. Production Companies Fenady Associates, Bing Crosby Productions. Director Michael Caffey. Producer Andrew J. Fenady. Teleplay Ken …
(NBC, 11/18/1964, 120 mins). Director Don Siegel?s second made for TV movie (the first, ?The Killers,? had been diverted to theatrical distribution, having originally been deemed too violent for television) is a remake of the chase melodrama ?Ride the Pink Horse? (1947), set this time in New Orleans during Mardi Gras. A gunman sets out to avenge his supposed murder of a friend and finds himself ne…
(ABC, 1/15/1975, 90 mins). A retelling of the most famous feud in American history, the fabled mountain war between the Hatfields and the McCoys, covered previously in Samuel Goldwyn?s ?Roseanna McCoy? (1949). Jack Palance is remarkably subdued as the pipe-smoking Hatfield patriarch, with his ex wife Virginia Baker and his daughter Brooke as members of the clan. Production Companies Charles Fries …
(NBC, 5/22/1974, 120 mins). In this pilot for an unrealized series called ?Crisis!? the director of a big-city medical center faces the predictable multitude of doctor show problems, from a threatened rebellion among the research staff to a surgeon?s unauthorized use of drugs to the obligatory lack of funds to run the hospital to nagging personal difficulties. Production Company Warner Bros. Telev…
The Drama of King Shotaway (1823), by William Henry Brown, is reputedly the first play known to have been written by an African American, and it was about a slave uprising on the island of St. Vincent. The American history of slavery has had a profound effect on everyone to some degree, but it is those Americans descended from slaves who, understandably, feel it the most. Modern drama has not been…
BOB ROSE VMI, Inc. With contributions from: TODD GUSTAVSON George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film HIROSHI YANO Japan Camera Industry Institute Editor?s note about the George Eastman House Technology Collection: Numbering over 16,000 objects, the George Eastman House technology collection is one of the world?s largest collections of photographic and cinematographic e…
At 11:26 A.M. on 7 December 1941, news of the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor disrupted what was, by all accounts, a clear and quiet Sunday morning in Los Angeles. The news itself hit like an explosion, throwing the entire area into panic and confusion. The Hollywood movie colony, enjoying its weekly respite from an otherwise nonstop production schedule, was soon bustling with activity. In the fir…
In the movie industry?s roller-coaster postwar ride from the unprecedented heights of 1946 to the panic of 1949, the Hollywood studio powers underwent enormous changes. Their way of doing business and of making movies changed radically in a few short years as the industry peaked and began its rapid descent. In the process, euphoria steadily gave way to a deepening malaise and a growing nostalgia f…
By 1940, the major motion picture companies had refined a production system acutely attuned to market conditions and to the industry?s vertically integrated structure. This system was the essential feature of Hollywood?s ?classical? era, the basis for what Tino Balio has called the ?grand design? of 1930s American cinema. But as we have seen, the American cinema faced myriad challenges both inside…
The horrors of what happened to the European Jews under the control of the Nazi regime in the 1930s?1940s were so intense that it was not until the 1960s that most writers were able to approach the topic, and this delay was even more evident among playwrights. The immediacy of drama made portrayals of the Holocaust on stage particularly disturbing, and, some felt, inappropriate. Many felt that any…
(CBS, 12/19/1971, 120 mins). This was the pilot movie for ?The Waltons? (which began its long run in September 1972), recounting the events of one day Christmas Eve, 1933 in the lives of a rural American mountain family. Later called ?The Homecoming A Christmas Story,? it won a Christopher Award as well as Emmy nominations for actress Patricia Neal, director Fielder Cook and author Earl Hamner Jr.…
(ABC, 2/12/1972, 90 mins). The oft-filmed Conan Doyle classic (it had been made at least eight times previously) and the first American color version about how Holmes and Watson solve the baffling murder of an heir to the Baskerville fortune on the misty English moors. This was the pilot to a prospective Sherlock Holmes series that was to have rotated with the adventures of Hildegarde Withers and …
(ABC, 5/28/1979, 120 mins). A dramatization, filmed in Spain, about the events leading up to the capture of Nazi war criminal Adolph Eichmann byIsraeli agents in Argentina in 1960. Two of them, Topol and Janet Suzman, are best known to American moviegoers as Academy Award nominees for their roles in ?Fiddler on the Roof? and ?Nicholas and Alexandra,? respectively, while Martin Balsam portrays the …
(ABC, 1/11/1970, 135 mins). A crime drama involving a dogged plainclothes cop, a meek salesman accused of murdering his promiscuous wife, and a corpse that cannot be found. The subsequent ?Dan August? series (1970-71) starred Burt Reynolds, Norman Fell and Richard Anderson in the roles originally played by Christopher George, Keenan Wynn and Barry Sullivan. Based on the 1966 crime novel by Harold …
KRYSTEL R. HUXLIN, PH.D. University of Rochester Eye Institute The human visual system has often been compared to a photographic camera, an analogy that fails quickly upon serious examination. Indeed, visual perception, with its colored, emotionally charged and contextually modulated, three-dimensional view of the world differs markedly from the rapid flow of two-dimensional information captured…
(NBC, 11/28/1977, 120 mins). An undercover policewoman becomes a target for elimination by a crime syndicate and must flee for her life after being framed for murder in this prospective series pilot that bore a close resemblance to ?The Fugitive? with a change of gender. Production Company Quinn Martin Productions. Director Richard Lang. Executive Producer Quinn Martin. Producer William Robert Yat…
The iba-dance and the heby -dance are two different names for the same dance. Old and Middle Kingdom artists used the word iba in captions to scenes depicting it, while New Kingdom scribes used heby in the same context. Artists portrayed the iba -dance and the heby -dance in tombs, suggesting they had some meaning for the deceased in the next life. Yet they portrayed the dancers performing while p…
Understanding Middle Egyptian genres is central to any understanding of ancient Egyptian literature. The literature created during the Middle Kingdom (2008?1630 B.C.E. ) in the Middle Egyptian dialect, the spoken language of this period, was the classical literature of ancient Egypt. Egyptians continued to read, study, and enjoy it through the New Kingdom into the Late Period?essentially the full …
(Syndicated, 11/20/1978 and 11/27/1978, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). Howard Fast?s number one bestseller the rags to riches saga of a young Italian immigrant who battles his way out of the San Francisco earthquake to become a shipping magnate, rise to the top of Nob Hill?s society through a loveless marriage to the daughter of the city?s wealthiest family, and find happiness with an Asian mis…
(CBS, 1/2/1979, 180 mins). A big city lady doctor returns to her roots in the backwoods of the Blue Ridge Mountains to bring modern medicine to the local folks in the Appalachia of the 1930s and finds herself at odds with the homespun ways of the local medicine woman. Originally this was titled ?The Outlander.? Veteran actress Jane Wyman returned to filmmaking here and was accorded the seldom-used…
(ABC, 2/6/1978, 120 mins). Strange goings-on involve a na?ve college coed in the bizarre rites of an old sorority. Kathryn Crosby, playing a housemother, returned to filmmaking here in her first appearance following Bing?s death. Mia Farrow?s sister, Van Heflin?s niece, and Martin Balsam?s daughter were among the other campus girls of questionable powers. Production Companies Charles Fries Product…
Although the Internet and the World Wide Web have become synonymous with global retailing and ?e-commerce?, both were originally developed in response to the needs of scientists to share scientific data and collaborate better. Throughout most of its nearly forty-year history, the Internet has not only been developed by computer scientists, but its evolution has been heavily shaped by collaboration…
Principal social themes: racism/civil rights, hate groups Path? American. No MPAA rating. Featuring: William Shatner, Frank Maxwell, Beverly Lundsford, Robert Emhardt, Jeanne Cooper, Leo Gordon, Charles Barnes, Charles Beaumont, Katherine Smith, George Clayton Johnson, William F. Nolan, Phoebe Rowe, Bo Dodd, Walter Kurtz, Ocee Ritch. Written by Charles Beaumont based on his novel The Intruder . Ci…
(NBC, 11/10/1970, 120 mins). This Western drama finds a town in crisis as the James/Younger gang rides in, and Don Murray, as the local marshal, having lost both his nerve and his skill with a pistol, is put to the test. Look for future star Harrison Ford in a small role. Originally this was to have been titled ?Death Dance at Madelia.? Production Company Universal Television. Director William A. …
(NBC, 5/6/1975, 90 mins). A scientist working on laser beam projection in a Think Tank discovers a way of making himself invisible, then flees with his secret rather than permit it to be used by the military. This updated version of the H.G. Wells science-fiction classic, filmed initially in 1933 and copied countless times since, was the pilot to the brief series, with David McCallum, Melinda Fee,…
(CBS, 9/16/1978, 120 mins). A mystery adventure set in Hawaii. This series pilot, which never got anywhere, is about a retired mainland lawyer who buys a small Honolulu hotel and finds himself in a murderous situation involving a runaway grand jury witness, a ruthless mobster, and a racket-busting U.S. senator framed for beating up an airline stewardess. Production Companies Glen Larson Production…
(ABC, 3/18/1979, 120 mins). A runner, serving a life sentence at Folsom Prison, works at becoming the world?s fastest miler and wins a chance to compete for a spot on the Olympic team. Peter Strauss won the Emmy Award for his work in this film that also was nominated as Outstanding Drama. Patrick Nolan and Michael Mann received Emmy Awards for their teleplay as did editor Arthur Schmidt. Productio…
(CBS, 12/12/1978, 120 mins). Raymond Burr again portrays a no-nonsense lawyer in this pilot for a prospective series, this time a prominent attorney who in early life spent seven years behind bars for a crime he did not commit and now has established a foundation dedicated to helping those wrongly accused and unjustly convicted, giving them the Jordan Chance. Production Companies Roy Huggins Produ…
(NBC, 12/2/1972, 120 mins). A lighthearted whodunit involving a retired lady judge (Bette Davis), who is a hypochondriac now running a private detective agency, with a charming ex-con as her leg man (Doug McClure) and various parolees helping in the day-to-day operation. This prospective pilot failed to catch on and later was tried once more with Lee Grant and Lou Antonio in the Davis/McClure role…
(ABC, 9/19/1975, 120 mins). Dale Robertson here reprises his role of the flamboyant Melvin Purvis that he originated in Dan Curtis? ?Melvin Purvis, G-Man? (1974) and takes on the crime cartel formed by Pretty Boy Floyd, John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, Alvin Karpis and others. Their crime wave ended in the notorious Kansas City massacre of June 17, 1933. Of interest: Harris Yulin, who portrayed J…
(NBC, 9/30/1979, 120 mins). Gary Coleman in his TV movie debut as the star of this remake of the 1953 movie with Dan Dailey and Anne Bancroft, is a bat boy who guides the San Diego Padres to the World Series with the secret help of his dad, a baseball has-been who now sells refreshments in the stands. Director Adell Aldrich, daughter of veteran director Robert Aldrich, also made her debut here beh…
(ABC, 4/4/1976, 120 mins). A former cop who now operates a charter boat service following the unsolved bombing murder of his wife is called on to look into the killing of a close friend, an undercover agent, and ends up in Hawaii entangled in a network of intrigue and espionage. This pilot to an unsold series called ?Ohanian? (which happens to be Mike Connors? real last name) returned Connors to t…
The king of Egypt was the only living person who possessed the status of a netjer (?god?). He could be called ?the good god,? the ?great god,? or simply ?god.? Because of the king?s special status, he could serve as the link between the world of the gods and men. The king was the only mortal who could directly approach the gods. The temples throughout Egypt show only the king performing the ritual…
Principal social themes: addiction (gambling), suicide/depression Universal. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Barbara Stanwyck, Robert Preston, Stephen McNally, Edith Barrett, John Hoyt, Elliott Sullivan, John Harmon, Phil Van Zandt, Leif Erickson, Curt Conway, Housely Stevenson, Don Beddoe, Nana Bryant, Frank Moran, Tony Curtis. Written by Roy Huggins. Cinematography by Russell Metty. Edited by Milton …
(ABC, 4/16/1974, 90 mins). An irascible depression era doctor (Pat Hingle) who practices in a Brooklyn tenement neighborhood takes an interest in a local teenager whose hostile behavior he eventually attributes to a brain tumor. This film, a remake of the 1959 movie with Paul Muni in his last screen role, was the pilot for a series that never got on the air. Production Companies Screen Gems, Colum…
(ABC, 10/5/1971, 90 mins). This futuristic drama, containing Van Heflin?s last performance, focuses on a young couple trying to circumvent the government?s edict that limits each family to only one child. Heflin is a retired U.S. Senator who tries to help them in this film originally to have been called ?The Day They Took the Babies Away.? Production Company Aaron Spelling Productions. Director Jo…
(NBC, 9/24/1979 to 9/26/1979, 3 Parts, 120 mins each, 6 hours). A star-laden adaptation by three writers and three directors of Anton Myrer?s sprawling 1978 novel tracing the lives of five Harvard roommates of the class of ?44 and follows them through the next 30 years. Perry King, Bruce Boxleitner, Edward Albert, John Shea and Michael Nouri are the five in this three-part six-hour miniseries, wit…
(NBC, 2/15/1975, 120 mins). A trim A.C. Lyles Western (like the type he made in the 1960s with a stellar cast of veteran actors) that has the Dalton gang riding again, forcing a retired gunman (Richard Widmark) to use his weapons once more in the climactic battle at Coffeyville, Kansas. Production Companies A.C. Lyles Productions, Paramount Network Television. Director Vincent McEveety. Producer A…
(NBC, 11/16/1977, 120 mins). Carroll O?Connor wrote and starred in this second screen adaptation of the 1956 bestseller (previously filmed by John Ford in 1958 with Spencer Tracy) about the aging and ailing head of a big time political machine who schemes to stay in power and win a fourth term. Emmy nominations went to Burgess Meredith and Mariette Hartley for supporting actor and actress. Product…
(NBC, 11/20/1979, 180 mins). A somewhat lighthearted view of the Dalton Gang?s legendary raid on Coffeyville, Kansas, and the years leading up to it as the brothers head up a gang of horse thieves and train and bank robbers, with their archenemy, railway detective Will Smith, constantly nipping at their heels. The film is framed, curiously, by aged brother Em Dalton, living in Hollywood during the…
(NBC, 3/4/1975, 120 mins). This uncredited remake of the 1957 Tyrone Power movie ?Abandon Ship? recounts the agony of a ship?s officer who must decide which passengers in an overcrowded lifeboat are to be sacrificed so that the majority can survive an approaching typhoon. Production Companies Bob Banner Associates, NBC Productions. Director Lee H. Katzin. Executive Producer Bob Banner. Producer To…
(NBC, 10/22/1974, 150 mins). A sensational homicide trial is the focal point of this incisive examination of the inner working of a large city?s legal system and was the Emmy Award winner as the Outstanding Dramatic Special. Director John Badham also was nominated. Production Company Universal Television. Director John Badham. Producer William Sackheim. Teleplay Joel Oliansky, William Sackheim. Ph…
(ABC, 2/10/1975, 120 mins). An ethereal retelling, stylishly produced, of the story of the New England spinster accused of the axe murders of her father and stepmother in 19th-century Fall River, Massachusetts. Emmy Award nominations went to Elizabeth Montgomery, editor John A. Martinelli, art director Jack DeShields, set decorator Henry Gordon, and costume designer Guy Verhille. DeShields and Gor…
(NBC, 4/10/1979, 120 mins). This engaging Western, a pilot for a prospective series and an homage to the cowboy movies of yore, has a handsome, dazzlingly blond young farmer team up with a Bible quoting runaway slave to track down the infamous Quantrill. He learns how to shoot from a legendary gunslinger who convinces him to be a fighter for law and justice and save the seventh bullet in his speci…
(ABC, 3/6/1973, 90 mins). Three interconnected stories about nine people whose lives are drastically changed by letters delayed a year in delivery. Pilot to a prospective series. Production Companies Spelling-Goldberg Productions, ABC Circle Films. Directors ?The Andersons? and ?The Parkingtons? Gene Nelson, ?The Forresters? Paul Krasny. Executive Producers Aaron Spelling, Leonard Goldberg. Produc…
(NBC, 3/21/1977, 120 mins). A lavishly detailed dramatization of the events leading up to the 1935 assassination of Huey Long, Louisiana?s Depression era governor and U.S. senator. An Emmy Award nomination went to Ric Waite for his evocative cinematography. Original title: ?Every Man a King.? Production Company Tomorrow Entertainment. Director Robert Collins. Executive Producer Thomas W. Moore. Pr…
In The Quintessence of Ibsenism (1891), George Bernard Shaw explains the principle of what Henrik Ibsen saw as the ?life-lie? and its relation to reality and idealism. Ibsen and Shaw both believed that many of us find reality so unpleasant that we try to cover it up with a mask of idealism, creating an alternative, unreal ?life? for ourselves that is essentially a ?lie.? They see this as dangerous…
The Limited was the biggest success story in the history of retailing. Throughout the 1980s, The Limited grew at an unprecedented rate. Sales rates and stockholder equity climbed at a rate of 46 percent per year, with earnings increasing 63 percent annually. In 1984 The Limited sold over 200 million garments, which averages out to three for every woman between the ages of fifteen and fifty-five. B…
(NBC, 2/26/1976, 180 mins). A three-hour dramatization of the 1932 kidnapping of the Lindbergh infant, the search for the abductor, and his capture, trial and execution three years later. Anthony Hopkins won an Emmy for his acting in this movie which itself was nominated as Outstanding Special, as were J P Miller (original teleplay), Rita Roland (editor) and Bob Christenson and Denita Cavett (cost…
Egyptian noblemen recorded the earliest Egyptian literature in tomb inscriptions called autobiographies. They composed them in the first person and included some details of the author?s own life. The real purpose of these texts is to demonstrate that the author lived a moral life. Thus the texts illustrate Egyptian ideas of morality. These texts are also the first attempts at extended narrative. P…
(NBC, 10/27/1975, 120 mins). Veteran producer Ross Hunter came to television with this drama (a pilot for a prospective series) about a glamorous newspaper reporter, played by Shirley Jones, who is assigned to investigate the assassination of a political figure. Production Companies Ross Hunter Productions, Paramount Network Television. Director Jerry Jameson. Executive Producer Ross Hunter. Produ…
(NBC, 12/20/1976, 90 mins). A teenage loner who happens to be a gifted athlete must cope with personal shame and the angry accusations of his parents, especially his demanding mother, over his chronic bedwetting, although his shame ironically results in his eventually becoming an Olympic gold-medalist runner. Michael Landon based this story on his own teenage experiences. Photographer Ted Voigtlan…
(NBC, 10/21/1969, 120 mins). A detective tale about a no-nonsense private eye (Harry Guardino) who looks into the murder of the mistress of one of the world?s wealthiest men. Originally this was to have been called ?The Savarona Syndrome,? and it was a pilot for a series that failed to materialize. Based on Douglas Heyes? 1963 novel, ?The Twelfth of Never.? Production Companies Roy Huggins Product…
(ABC, 9/12/1972, 90 mins). A fact-based drama about a wealthy coed who is kidnapped and imprisoned underground in a coffin with a limited life-support system while her parents and police engage in an agonizing four day search for her before she suffocates. The ?inspiration? for the film: the 1968 kidnapping of Barbara Jane Mackle, an Emory College student, whose real-estate developer dad paid a ha…
Principal social themes: addiction (alcohol), depression/suicide Paramount. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Ray Milland, Jane Wyman, Phillip Terry, Howard da Silva, Frank Faylen, Doris Dowling, Mary Young, Anita Bolster, Lilian Fontaine, Lewis L. Russell, Frank Orth. Written by Charles Brackett and Billy Wilder based on the novel by Charles R. Jackson. Cinematography by John F. Seitz. Edited by Doane H…
(ABC, 9/17/1976, 120 mins). This was the pilot for the hit series, packed with familiar TV names and faces, interweaving several comedy stores of the misadventures of passengers and crew aboard a California to Mexico cruise ship. Production Company Douglas S. Cramer Productions. Director Alan Myerson, Richard Kinon. Producer Douglas S. Cramer. Teleplays ?Mona Lisa Speaks? and ?Til Death Do Its Par…
(ABC, 1/21/1977, 120 mins). The sequel to ?The Love Boat? (1976), this second pilot to the subsequent hit series once again offered an all star TV cast setting sail for romance under the watchful eyes of a totally new crew, several of whom (Grandy, Kopell and Lange) were signed on for the later weekly voyage, which began cruising in September 1977. Production Company Spelling Entertainment. Direct…
(ABC, 1/19/1976, 150 mins). A buckskin-clad mountain scout helps to move his parents, his brother and sister-in-law and their four children westward in 1860 ahead of the impending war in this sweeping drama based on the film ?How the West Was Won.? James Arness returned to acting in this one after 20 years as Matt Dillon in ?Gunsmoke,? and he later continued in the once-in-a-while series (1977-79)…
(NBC, 3/17/1973, 90 mins). In this pilot for the 1973-74 series, a dapper magician uses the wizardry of his craft to help people in distress and exposes a staged plane crash when asked by the mother of one of the victims to check into a possible conspiracy. In the later series, Bill Bixby, Keene Curtis and Jim Watkins were joined by Joseph Sirola as the fictional manager of Hollywood?s real life H…
(NBC, 6/19/1977, 90 mins). A Disney like comedy about a na?ve young scientist whose employers try to steal his invention an energy disk that can solve the world?s energy crisis. Originally this film had been scheduled to premiere nearly three months earlier under the title ?Adventures of Freddie.? Production Companies David Gerber Productions, Columbia Pictures Television. Director Hy Averback. Ex…
(NBC, 1/17/1977, 120 mins). A stylish new version of the Dumas swashbuckler, mixing fact and fictitious derring do and telling of Louis XIV?s identical twin, both played with panache by Richard Chamberlain. It already had been filmed a half-dozen times in several variations. This production earned Emmy Award nominations for writer William Bast and costumer Olga Lehmann. Production Companies Rosemo…
(NBC, 12/23/1979, 120 mins). Holiday season fantasy in which Fred Astaire turns up as eight different characters to help change the lives of three total strangers who have made their way to a costume shop to rent Santa Claus outfits for various reasons. Along the way, he introduces a new song, ?That Once a Year Christmas Day.? Astaire and Nanette Fabray are reunited for the first time since ?The B…
Principal social themes: disabilities, suicide/depression Warner Brothers. No MPAA rating. Featuring: George Arliss, Bette Davis, Violet Heming, Oscar Apfel, Andre Luguet, Louise Closser Hale, Ivan Simpson, Donald Cook, Charles Evans, Murray Kinnell, Hedda Hopper, Ray Milland. Written by Julien Josephson and Maude T. Howell based on the play The Silent Voice by Jules Eckert Goodman and the origina…
(ABC, 12/15/1970, 90 mins). A brilliant heart surgeon (Stuart Whitman) discovers that a private medical research foundation is being used as a cover for sinister purposes. The working title for this film was ?Heartfarm? while in production in the Bugaboo Mountains of British Columbia. In its later theatrical release in Great Britain, its title became ?The Only Way Out Is Dead!? Production Company …
Principal social theme: addiction (heroin) United Artists. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Frank Sinatra, Eleanor Parker, Kim Novak, Arnold Stang, Darren McGavin, Robert Strauss, John Conte, Doro Merande, George E. Stone, George Matthews, Leonid Kinskey, and Emile Meyer. Written by Walter Newman and Lewis Meltzer based on the novel by Nelson Algren. Cinematography by Sam Leavitt. Edited by Louis R. Loe…
(NBC, 5/24/1977, 120 mins). A pseudo science fiction series pilot about a man who has inherited unique powers from his father, enabling him to move objects, bend iron, and perform other amazing feats through eye concentration, and who here is given the task of guarding a beautiful Bengal heiress on her visit to America. Production Companies Universal Television, NBC Productions. Director Nicholas …
(ABC, 4/24/1973, 90 mins). This literary classic about the man who renounced his country and lived to regret it received a sparking production here with a tour deforce performance by Cliff Robertson, aging 60 years as Philip Nolan. Previously it had been filmed three times as a silent movie and once (in 1938) as a short for Vitaphone. This version was the first full-scale sound adaptation of Hale?…
(NBC, 4/2/1976, 120 mins). A big-game hunter is hired to track down a bank robbery suspect in the Louisiana swamp country and becomes involved with the wife of his quarry. Based on the novel by Wade Miller (actually the writing team of Robert Allison Bob Wade and H. Bill Miller). Filmed in 1968, this film first saw the light of day on British television in 1972 and finally was given a belated Amer…
(CBS, 3/8/1973, 180 mins). The acclaimed TV adaptation of Selwyn Rabb?s 1967 book based on the Wylie-Hoffert murders in Manhattan in 1963, resulting in the case that ultimately led to the Supreme Court?s Miranda decision three years later. Both director Joseph Sargent and writer Abby Mann won Emmy Awards, and Telly Savalas received a nomination for his role which skyrocketed him to stardom in the …
Principal social theme: disabilities National. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Marlon Brando, Teresa Wright, Jack Webb, Everett Sloane, Richard Erdman, Dorothy Tree, Howard St. John, Arthur Jurado, Virginia Farmer, Nita Hunter, Cliff Clark, Ray Teal, John Hamilton, Jim Backus, Virginia Christine, DeForest Kelley. Written by Carl Foreman. Cinematography by Robert de Grasse. Edited by Harry Gerstad. Musi…
The visual art of the Middle Kingdom (2008?1630 B.C.E. ) displays both regional styles and development through time. The art created during the Eleventh Dynasty (2008?1938 B.C.E. ) displays a distinct style that originated in Thebes, the home of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep, the king who reunified Egypt and founded the Middle Kingdom. In the Twelfth Dynasty (1938?1759 B.C.E. ), Memphis was once more the …
(CBS, 2/3/1974, 90 mins). A stark look at the lives of migratory farm workers, focusing on one family. The film, based on a short story by Tennessee Williams, was Emmy nominated as the Outstanding Drama of the 1973-74 season, and nominations also went to director Tom Gries, actress Cloris Leachman, cinematographer Dick Kratina, and composer Billy Goldenberg. Production Company CBS Entertainment Pr…
(NBC, 9/22/1976, 90 mins). Freddie Prinze, in his only dramatic film role, is an excon electronics whiz who, with the aid of four female accomplices, steals a bundle from the Chicago Transit Authority, much to the annoyance of a dyspeptic detective who has been keeping an eye on him since he left prison. The original story, interestingly, was written by two of the more prolific TV actors of the er…
(CBS, 12/19/1978, 120 mins). Three people?s lives are drastically changed when they are suddenly given one million dollars each by an eccentric billionaire in this pilot to a prospective new series which the producers hoped would equal the success of the original one that ran from 1955 to 1960 with Robert Quarry in the role of Michael Anthony (then played by Marvin Miller), executive secretary to …
(NBC, 10/14/1979, 120 mins). Coming full circle, this television remake of the 1962 film tells once again about the relationship between young Helen Keller and her teacher, Anne Sullivan. Patty Duke Astin, who won her Academy Award for playing Helen Keller in the earlier version, here is cast as Anne Sullivan and received an Emmy Award as Best Actress in a Limited Series or Drama Special. The film…
(ABC, 12/18/1974, 180 mins). Three-hour taped (rather than filmed) docudrama dealing with the Kennedy administration?s actions during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The production was Emmy nominated, as were director Anthony Page, writer Stanley Greenberg, and actors William Devane and Ralph Bellamy. Based in part on Robert F. Kennedy?s book ?Thirteen Days.? Production Companies Herbert Brodkin-Ro…
(ABC, 1/8/1975, 90 mins). A suspense tale about the search for an emotionally disturbed teenager who has taken from his father?s research laboratory a rat infected with an incurable virus that can kill one hundred million people in three weeks. Production Companies Lawrence Gordon Productions, Twentieth Century Fox Television. Director Don McDougall. Executive Producer Lawrence Gordon. Producer Al…
(ABC, 10/21/1969, 90 mins). This unsuccessful private eye series pilot was developed by Blake Edwards, trying to recapture the glory of his earlier ?Peter Gunn? and ?Mr. Lucky.? A gumshoe named Monk is somewhat embarrassed after finding himself the prime suspect in the murder of an underworld attorney who had hired him to guard a valuable envelope containing incriminating evidence on a syndicate b…
(ABC, 2/13/1974, 90 mins). Dick Van Dyke made his TV dramatic debut (Emmy nominated) in this drama about a successful public relations writer whose refusal to admit that he is an alcoholic causes him to lose his self-respect, his career, his family, and almost his life. Based on the 1973 novel by Jack B. Weiner. Production Company Wolper Productions. Director Richard T Heffron. Executive Producer …
World War II was the best of times and the worst of times for the American film industry. It was a period of challenge and change, of anxiety and accomplishment, of intense focus on the task at hand and growing uncertainty about Hollywood?s own long-term prospects once that task was completed. Within days of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt commissioned Hollywood to ?emotionalize? the co…
The American cinema in early 1940 was a study in paradox, with Hollywood in the full flowering of its ?golden age? while the industry foundered economically and was beset by crises both at home and abroad. In terms of filmmaking achievements, Hollywood was just coming off what many considered its best year ever?a view underscored in January 1940 when several top holiday pictures went into widespre…
(NBC, 12/13/1978, 120 mins). The long-familiar Heidi tale is given a contemporary setting as the young heroine leaves her familiar Swiss mountain for the bright lights of Manhattan and a musical background (10 original musical numbers by Buz Kohan). Production Company Pierre Cossette Productions. Director Ralph Senensky. Executive Producer Pierre Cossette. Producer Charles B. FitzSimmons. Teleplay…
The talking movie is here to stay . JACK ALICOATE , 25 APRIL 1928 For the dedicated movie fan of 1928, it must have been an exciting and perhaps bewildering year. One heard of the studios? experiments in sound, but unless one lived near a major exhibition market, the talkies were more a rumor than an actuality. The majority of the films making headlines as talkers were playing locally as silents. …
Egyptian art of the New Kingdom (1538?1075 B.C.E. ) displays a wide variety of styles within the established artistic tradition, by this point nearly 2,000 years old. The New Kingdom includes the classical images of the warrior pharaoh Thutmose III (1479?1425 B.C.E. ) but also the androgynous king, Akhenaten (1352?1336 B.C.E. ). It includes relief based on Old Kingdom (2675?2170 B.C.E. ) models al…
(ABC, 5/5/1977, 90 mins). In this third pilot to the hugely popular series that beginning in September 1977 sailed for more than eight years (with several additional periodic cruises thereafter), Gavin MacLeod was piped aboard as the captain, becoming the most successful of the Mary Tyler Moore alumni (series wise). Bernie Kopell, Fred Grandy (in 1986 to forsake acting for a congressional seat fro…
(ABC, 9/3/1978, 120 mins). Recycling the legendary comedy Western series (1957-62), this pilot for a prospective new run for Maverick has brothers Bret and Bart (James Garner and Jack Kelly re creating their original roles). They join forces with the eager but inexperienced son of their British cousin Beau (played in the earlier series by Roger Moore) in a free-wheeling adventure involving them wi…
(ABC, 11/7/1975, 90 mins). The popular comic books superwoman from the 1940s, the legendary Amazonian princess with the magic golden lasso, the invisible airplane and the bullet-deflecting bracelets, among other devices, performs incredible feats of skill and daring to save the life of handsome army air force pilot Steve Trevor, and then pits her supervisor powers against Nazi spies who will stop …
The Nickel Madness; the Amazing Spread of a New Kind of Amusement Enterprise Which Is Making Fortunes for Its Projectors. ?Headlines in Harper?s Weekly, 24 August 1907 I t was a time before there were World Wars, but only just before. The Second International Peace Congress was held at The Hague in 1907, and the third one was scheduled for 1915. People were talking about Peace, Rights for Women, P…
(ABC, 5/11/1979, 90 mins). ?The Mark of Zorro? was updated for this pilot for a prospective series that tells of a New Orleans gentleman (played by David Selby) who turns masked rider to fight for law and order and avenge his family?s killing by four men who wanted their silver mine. Production Companies Stephen J. Cannell Productions, Universal Television. Director Hy Averback. Executive Producer…
(ABC, 1/11/1972, 90 mins). A flip, down-on-his-luck newspaper reporter stumbles across a modern-day vampire who is murdering Las Vegas showgirls, but he cannot convince his own editor, let alone the police, of the identity of the crazed maniac. The now-cult lighthearted thriller that eventually spawned the regrettably brief series of the same name (1974-75) with Darren McGavin and Simon Oakland co…
(ABC, 1/16/1973, 90 mins). A monster-chasing reporter finds himself searching Seattle for a killer whose grisly record seems to stretch back more than a century, making an appearance every 21 years. This sequel to ?The Night Stalker? (1971) led to the near-cult ?Kolchak? series (1974-75) that had Darren McGavin trying week after week to convince Simon Oakland, his skeptical editor, of the most biz…
(ABC, 10/31/1975, 120 mins). Drama recalling the widespread fright caused by the famous Halloween night 1938 radio broadcast, Orson Welles? Mercury Theater adaptation of H.G. Wells? ?The War of the Worlds? (meticulously re-created), which sent millions into the streets convinced that America was being invaded by Martians. Nicholas Meyer and Anthony Wilson won Emmy Award nominations for their origi…
(NBC, 10/24/1977, 120 mins). A hijacking caper involving an airliner carrying not only five beauty contest finalists but also a dangerous laboratory mutation to be used for bacterial warfare. Production Company Don Kirshner Productions. Director Robert Michael Lewis. Executive Producers Don Kirshner, Merrill Grant. Producer George Lefferts. Teleplay George Lefferts. Based on a Story by Lou La Rose…
(NBC, 2/21/1973, 90 mins). In Dan Curtis? warmed over, more straightforward version of his ?Night Stalker,? a pilot for a prospective new series, a humorless investigative reporter chasing down the supernatural stumbles onto the walking dead and finds himself in the clutches of a demon-spirit. Production Companies Dan Curtis Productions, Metromedia Producers Corp. Director Dan Curtis. Executive Pr…
King Djoser?s complex at Saqqara is the first example of a north/south oriented pyramid complex, built in the Third Dynasty (2675?2625 B.C.E. ). This predominant orientation alternated throughout the Old and Middle Kingdoms (2675?1630 B.C.E. ) with a pyramid complex that was oriented east/west. A good example of this second type of orientation is the Great Pyramid of Giza, built about 100 years af…
Two ancient Egyptian titles refer to women who chanted the ritual for gods and goddesses. They participated in the daily ritual and in special festival liturgies. In the daily ritual, singers ?woke? the deity in the morning and sang the god to sleep in the evening. Their titles are heset , literally ?singer,? and shemayet , literally ?musician.? Since most of the evidence for ?singers? and for ?mu…
Egyptian art of the Old Kingdom (2675?2170 B.C.E. ) reached a high point of accomplishment which scholars often associate with a strong central government. Clearly the royal workshop had the means to command the best artists and supply them with the most costly materials. Though political weakness or strength does not necessarily determine the quality of the art of the times, the Old Kingdom was c…
(ABC, 10/13/1970, 90 mins). Edward G. Robinson stars as an old man who, unable to convince anyone even his own family that he has been a witness to the brutal murder of a longtime friend, sets out to find the killer himself. Production Company Aaron Spelling Productions. Director Walter Grauman. Executive Producer Aaron Spelling. Producer Walter Grauman. Teleplay Luther Davis. Based on a Story by …
(ABC, 3/4/1979, 120 mins). The Patricia Hearst story through the eyes of FBI Special Agent Charles Bates from her abduction on February 4, 1974, until her capture 19 months later. Production Companies Finnegan Associates, David Paradine Television. Director Paul Wendkos. Executive Producer Marvin Minoff. Producer Bill Finnegan. Teleplay Adrian Spies. Photography Hector Figueroa. Music John Rubinst…
The Egyptologist Louis B. Mikhail argued that the ritual associated with the god Osiris, performed during the Egyptian month Khoiak (mid-September to mid-October) was the best example of a festival drama known to modern scholars. The subject of the drama was the struggle between Osiris and his brother Seth, Osiris? death, and his resurrection. The festival itself lasted for ten days, culminating w…
(NBC, 1/17/1978, 180 mins). Alan Arkin plays a man who enters a hospital for the criminally insane in an irrational state but regains his sanity after several years and then desperately tries to win his release after witnessing attacks on patients by guards. Production on this three-hour movie began on this as ?The Next Howling Wind? and then it was to have been called ?Escape From Hell.? Producti…
(ABC, 10/7/1969, 90 mins). In this comedy Western, a retired Texas Ranger and three aged pals help to clean up a town run by a crooked mayor, a drunken judge and a trigger-happy sheriff. This marked the TV-movie debuts of both Rick Nelson and Gypsy Rose Lee, and it was the latter?s farewell acting appearance. Production Company Thomas-Spelling Productions. Director Jean Yarbrough. Executive Produc…
During the 1920s many unique musicians appeared on the jazz scene in New York, lending their highly individual voices to the music. The role of the cornet, and its successor the trumpet, in the 1920s was still the lead voice in ensembles and the horn usually most responsible for stating the melody. Louis Armstrong widened its range and potential, while Bix Beiderbecke offered an alternative voice.…
(CBS, 9/15/1979, 120 mins). Buddy Ebsen did this pilot to a prospective new series called ?Lahaina? while still starring on ?Barnaby Jones,? and here plays a notorious Chicago lawyer who leaves his successful practice to search for his estranged son in Hawaii. Ebsen?s daughter, Bonnie, is one of the costars, playing a singing waitress in love with the son who?s involved in some shady dealings and …
(ABC, 1/22/1972, 90 mins). A supernatural thriller involving a young teacher (Kim Darby) in an isolated California community who discovers that her pupils and their parents possess special powers and a secret bond. Based on Zenna Henderson?s 1961 novel ?Pilgrimage: The Book of the People,? it was filmed in Nicasio, California. Production Companies Metromedia Producers Corp, American Zoetrope. Dire…
Principal social theme: immigration Goldwyn Pictures. R rating. Featuring: Marisa Tomei, Alfred Molina, Anjelica Huston, Chazz Palmintieri, Trini Alverado, Celia Cruz, Diego Walraff, Angela Lanza, Ranjit Chowdhry, Ellen Cleghorne, Vincent Gallo, Jose Felipe Padrone, Bill Sage, Lazaro Perez. Written by Robin Swicord based on the novel by Christine Bell. Cinematography by Stuart Dryburgh. Edited by …
DAILE KAPLAN Swann Galleries Not so long ago artists were viewed as bohemians who, unconventional by nature, worked in studios devoid of creature comforts and displayed little interest in promoting their work. The economic reality of selling pieces, though acknowledged, was far removed from an artist?s lifestyle. Dealers, on the other hand, were commonly seen as refined gentlemen and women of le…
DOUG MANCHEE Rochester Institute of Technology A studio may be defined simply as a space a photographer would make photographs. The studio may also be considered a space that has been designed for and equipped with equipment specifically for the objective of making photographs. Studios may be described as the whole space where a photographer works even though some regions of this space may not b…
The document is a basis, and the document transfigured is the ultimate work of art in the cinema. ?Harry Alan Potamkin, ?Movie: New York Notes,? Close-Up 7, no. 4 (October 1930), p. 250 In today?s troubled times, the documentary film has come into its own; it meets an urgent need for a medium of mass education and finds a highly receptive audience eager for the information, instruction, or propaga…
(NBC, 3/20/1973, 120 mins). A solid cop movie that served as the pilot to the acclaimed anthology series (1973-77), which focused on various aspects of police work with different leading players every week (aside from one or two recurring roles). The TV-movie pitted a hard-nosed cop, in charge of a special felony squad, against a trigger-happy gunman who knows his way around the law. Production Co…
After the shooting stops?, Hollywood naturally will go back to the business of making films strictly for profit. But it will also do something else. Now that Hollywood has grown up, it knows that it must play a role in creating the world of tomorrow, just as it helped to destroy the kind of world desired by the enemy. Robert St. John, Look , January 1945 The American movie industry faced the postw…
(ABC, 5/11/1979, 90 mins). A prospective pilot about a daredevil flyer, barnstorming for county fairs, who becomes a human dynamo after being struck by lightning and is menaced by enemy agents determined to find out the secret of his incredible strength. This was called ?Power Man? not only in production but in all publicity and in promotional ads virtually until moments before its initial airing.…
(CBS, 2/10/1978, 120 mins). A government courier (Beau Bridges) is caught in a deadly cover up after discovering that his murdered sister was not only the mistress of a U.S. president, but also a Soviet spy. Adapted from Patrick Anderson?s 1976 novel. Production Companies Stephen Friedman Productions, Kings Road Production. Director John Llewellyn Moxey. Executive Producer Stephen Friedman. Produc…
(ABC, 10/23/1973, 120 mins). A political thriller based on the 1967 novel by Robert J. Serling (Rod?s brother) about an incompetent vice president who is left in control of the government when Air Force One mysteriously disappears with the president aboard. Production Company ABC Circle Films. Director Daryl Duke. Producer Mark Carliner. Teleplay Ernest Kinoy, Mark Carliner. Based on the Novel by …
BARRY HAYNES Photographic Author Beginning in 1975 with the first computer science class that I enrolled in at the University of California, San Diego?where in 1978 I received a BA in Computer Science?I have been involved in this cycle of keeping up with technology. Since 1988 that technology has been focused on photography and its interaction with the software Adobe Photoshop and computers. It …
Principal social themes: education/literacy Konigsberg Company. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Johnny Cash, Brenda Vacarro, Eli Wallach, Glen Marley, Crystal Smith, Viola Borden, Michael Burnham, Tara Cash. Written by Roy Huggins. Cinematography by Gayne Rescher. Edited by Tony DeZarraga. Music by Johnny Cash. Produced by Sam Manners. Directed by Gary Nelson. Color. 107 minutes. The Pride of Jesse Hal…
(NBC, 9/14/1971, 120 mins). Wheelchair bound Robert Ironside, and cop-turned-priest Sarge Swanson, team up to solve a series of murders among the clergy in this second pilot to George Kennedy?s ?Sarge? show, which ran for several months in late 1971. Production Companies Harbour Productions, Universal Television. Director Richard Colla. Executive Producer Richard Colla. Producer David Levinson. Te…
(CBS, 6/17/1977, 90 mins). A lonely widow who frequents Central Park becomes emotionally involved with two orphaned youngsters who have built an oasis for themselves there after fleeing from a foster home. A young Brooke Shields made her TV acting debut in a small role in the adaptation of Evan H. Rhodes? classic children?s novel (1974). Production Company Lorimar Productions. Director Harvey Hart…
On 24 August 1939, Joseph Breen, the director of the Production Code Administration (PCA), wrote to Harry Cohn about the draft script for a remake of THE FRONT PAGE , then called THE BIGGER THEY ARE . With a few exceptions, he noted, the script ?appears to be acceptable under the provisions of the Production Code and reasonably free from the suggestion of difficulty at the hands of political censo…
T he number of motion-picture companies increased rapidly during the 1896?1897 theatrical season. These enterprises no longer tried to develop their own selfcontained technological systems but adopted and adapted one already in existence: the 35-mm format with Edison perforations. While an astoundingly large number of firms made projectors that could handle Edison films, only a few actually began …
(NBC, 12/14/1970, 120 mins). A hip psychiatrist teams up with an ex addict to combat drug addiction in a small town in this pilot for ?The Psychiatrist? (Roy Thinnes and Luther Adler continuing their roles) in the spring of 1971 a six week feature that was the third of the elements in the Four In One series. Others: ?San Francisco International? (which, like ?The Psychiatrist,? did not attract eno…
Amenemhet I (c. 1938?1909 B.C.E. ) and Senwosret I (c. 1919?1875 B.C.E. ), the first two kings of the Twelfth Dynasty, built pyramid complexes in the area near Memphis which revived the traditions of pyramid building practiced in Dynasties Four to Six (2625?2170 B.C.E. ) and signaled a return to the Old Kingdom capital in the north. Yet it is clear that kings devoted fewer resources to pyramid bui…
(NBC, 5/13/1976, 120 mins). Two brothers search the Western frontier for their sister who was taken away as a child and is living with Indians in this pilot for the short-lived series (1976-77) that is more than faintly reminiscent of the story line of John Ford?s ?The Searchers? (1956). Adding some distinction to this movie are an offbeat horse/camel race and the performance of Brian Keith as a d…
(NBC, 12/24/1974, 90 mins). This was the pilot for the short-lived ?Sierra? series (Sept. Dec. 1974) ?it was shown two weeks after the series was cancelled revolving around the rescue operations of the U.S. park rangers. The series starred James G. Richardson along with Ernest Thompson and Jack Hogan in the roles here played by Colby Chester and Jim B. Smith, plus Susan Foster as a lady ranger. Pr…
(Syndicated, 5/14/1979 and 5/21/1979, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). A second helping of elegantly mounted fiction about the American Revolution as written by the prolific John Jakes. This two-part, four-hour sequel to ?The Bastard? (1978) continues the saga of Philip Kent, the illegitimate son of an English nobleman, who has renounced his patrician birthright to become a Colonial soldier fight…
(NBC, 3/18/1973, 120 mins). Peabody Award-winning color remake of the 1949 movie from the 1933 Steinbeck novella here without the Billy Buck character telling a turn of the century California farm family and the attachment of their sensitive young son to his horse after being unable to establish an understanding with his gruff father. Emmy Award-nominated as Outstanding Special, with nominations a…
(NBC, 5/6/1975, 90 mins). Aging street cop goes after a gang of toughs involved in several robbery rapes on his beat in this pilot (a spin off from ?Police Story?) for the 1975-76 series. The veteran cop concept also was the basis for ?The Blue Knight? series at the same time ? and that too was based on a Joseph Wambaugh creation. Original title: ?Cop on the Beat.? Production Companies Columbia Pi…
(ABC, 5/18/1979, 120 mins). With an eye toward reviving the hit series that ran from 1968 to 1973, ?Mod Squad? producers Danny Thomas and Aaron Spelling joined forces once again after going their separate ways for many years to call ex-undercover cops Pete, Linc and Julie back to the force when a series of sniper attacks are made on their old boss. But the three soon find that they themselves are …
(CBS, 11/28/1977, 120 mins). The second pilot to the subsequent series that began in March 1978 and continued somewhat intermittently through the spring of 1982 (87 episodes). It offered the further adventures of the Marvel Comics-created scientist who, as it was described, ?conducted radiation experiments that turned him into a homeless wanderer (and occasionally a raging green beast) in search o…
(NBC, 6/16/1976, 90 mins). Larry Hagman stars as a bumbling Los Angeles cop who falls off his motorcycle, and as the result of a concussion he comes to the conclusion that he is really Sherlock Holmes. With the aid of a woman psychiatric social worker named Watson, he then sets out to solve the puzzling murder of an embezzler. Production Company Universal Television. Director Dean Hargrove. Produc…
(NBC, 3/10/1977 to 3/24/1977, 3 Parts, 5 hours). Double-dealing and espionage in World War II as an intelligence officer is dispatched by the U.S. government to arrange an exchange in Argentina of industrial diamonds needed by the Germans for a secret gyroscope needed by our side. Adapted from the 1974 Robert Ludlum novel, the five-hour tale subsequently was cut by one hour and shown in two parts.…
(NBC, 3/27/1974, 90 mins). The pilot to James Garner?s hit TV series that debuted in the fall of 1974 has the ex con turned private eye investigating the death of a skid row bum after being convinced by the man?s daughter that he was murdered. Joe Santos and Stuart Margolin continued in the series in recurring roles, and Noah Beery was brought in to replace Robert Donley as Rockford?s dad. Product…
(ABC, 3/7/1972, 90 mins). Police recruits and their wives try to adjust to the ways of being part of a metropolitan police force. This was the pilot for the popular series (1972-75) starring Georg Stanford Brown, Sam Melville and Michadel Ontkean, along with Kate Jackson (in the part played by Jennifer Billingsley in this film). Production Company Aaron Spelling Productions. Director Jud Taylor. P…
Definition: The RSA is one of the popular public-key encryption algorithms. Rivest et al published a method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems in 1978. In order to use the method, the encryption and decryption keys must be chosen as follows: In encryption and decryption, receiver?s public key ( e R ,n R ) and private key ( d R , n R ) are used. Encryption is carried out …
(NBC, 3/24/1975, 90 mins). An adventure drama involving three modern day Mississippi boatmen who find themselves neck deep in a kidnapping and hijacking plot. Production Company Lorimar Productions. Director Boris Sagal. Executive Producer Lee Rich. Producer Boris Sagal. Teleplay Stanford Whitmore. Based on an Original Idea by Sara Macon. Photography Fred J. Koenekamp. Music Nelson Riddle. Songs b…
(CBS, 4/1/1975, 90 mins). An adventure drama, based on Victor Canning?s 1972 novel, about a teenage boy who runs away from his foster home after wrongly being accused of theft and soon crosses paths with a young leopard which has escaped from a wild-animal compound during a lightning storm. Both are befriended by a brusque lady kennel owner with a heart of gold. Production Company Lorimar Producti…
(NBC, 11/22/1976, 120 mins). A swarm of killer bees from South America threatens New Orleans at the height of the Mardi Gras weekend. A neat little thriller that won an Emmy in the category of Film Sound Mixing. Production Companies Alan Landsburg Productions, Don Kirshner Productions. Director Bruce Geller. Executive Producers Alan Landsburg, Don Kirshner, Merrill Grant. Producer Bruce Geller. Te…
(NBC, 2/19/1967, 120 mins). A spy thriller involving an American who is enlisted by British intelligence to replace one of its recently murdered agents and smash a ring of blackmailers James Bond style headed by a nefarious figure known as Scorpio. One of the early telefeatures (adapted from Victor Canning?s 1964 novel) filmed on location rather than on the old back lot. Production Company MGM Tel…
(ABC, 1/29/1972, 90 mins). A contemporary Gothic horror story that has a dowager, an ex mental patient, discovering a woman buried alive and screaming for help on the grounds of her sprawling estate, but her family feels that her mind has snapped and refuses to believe the bizarre story in its greed to get hold of her money if she is declared incompetent. Olivia de Havilland made her TV movie debu…
CBS, 12/27/1976, 90 mins). A true life drama about a college president who takes a sabbatical from his position with a small Eastern college to work as a laborer and experience a lifestyle different from his regulated existence. Based on John Royston Coleman?s 1974 book ?Blue Collar Journal.? Production Company The Jozak Company. Director David Lowell Rich. Executive Producer Gerald I. Isenberg. P…
(CBS, 4/7/1979, 120 mins). A young woman decides to volunteer for a proposed embryo transplant to help a couple who are unable to have a child, and then has second thoughts about giving up the baby. Production Companies Michael Klein Productions, Robert Papazian Productions. Director Sandor Stern. Executive Producer Michael Klein. Producer Robert A. Papazian. Teleplay Sandor Stern. Based on a Stor…
(Syndicated, 12/3/1979 and 12/4/1979, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). The third movie about the Kent family of Revolutionary days from the pen of author John Jakes, this two-part, four-hour follow up to ?The Bastard? and ?The Rebels? continues the account of Philip Kent?s life and career from his emigration to colonial Massachusetts through the American Revolutionary War, and completes the famil…
(ABC, 9/17/1974, 90 mins). A thinly disguised drama, from Alvah Bessie?s 1966 novel ?The Symbol,? suggested by Marilyn Monroe?s life and death, with Connie Stevens flaunting her undeniable charms, Shelley Winters as a Hollywood gossip columnist, Don Murray as an attractive married U.S. senator, Nehemiah Persoff as a European-accented studio czar, James Olson as a cerebral artist who becomes the st…
T he burst of picture-palace construction that followed the opening of the Strand in 1914 may have heralded the primacy of the feature, but one should not assume that short films conveniently left the scene at the same time. The palaces demanded a continuing stream of shorts to fill out their programs and supply the variety they felt necessary to attract audiences. Initially, those established ind…
(NBC, 11/6/1975, 90 mins). This fact based drama has a West Point cadet reliving for a TV playwright his experiences of being subjected to total exile after being accused of violating the school?s honor code. Filmed on location in New York. Production Companies Edgar J. Scherick Associates, Palomar Pictures. Director Joseph Hardy. Executive Producer Edgar J. Scherick. Producer Bridget Potter. Tele…
(ABC, 3/7/1973, 90 mins). A test pilot, all but killed in a crash, is ?remade? through the science of bionics into a superman superior to the flesh and blood man he had been. The popular series that followed (1973-78) had Lee Majors repeating his role, with Richard Anderson and Alan Oppenheimer taking over the parts created by Darren McGavin and Martin Balsam. Based on the 1972 novel ?Cyborg? by M…
(NBC, 12/24/1968, 120 mins). In her only TV movie, Shirley Booth is an elderly American tourist on the Continent who, with her pretty stepdaughter, unwittingly becomes involved in a smuggling plot and a slight case of murder. This movie had the dubious distinction of being interrupted halfway through by the arrival of Apollo 8 in the vicinity of the Moon on Christmas Eve and it was never seen in i…
(NBC, 12/18/1972, 120 mins). An engaging comedy mystery about a couple of eccentric mystery writers, a spinster and her widowed sister, who turn detective to hunt down the killer of a faded movie star (Paulette Goddard, who came out of retirement to play the role) with the help of their ex con bodyguard/chauffeur (Art Carney), hired by their police lieutenant nephew to keep them out of trouble. Th…
MODERN SCHOLARLY BIAS. Scholars from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries differed widely in their hypotheses regarding the status of musicians in ancient Egypt. This difficulty stems, in large part, from their projections of the modern status of musicians?particularly female musicians?onto an ancient culture. For example, scholars assigned to female musicians of ancient Egypt the same class as…
(CBS, 10/9/1979, 120 mins). A blue collar ?Kramer vs. Kramer,? this drama focuses on a family man?s adjustment after his wife of 15 years one day blurts out that she wants a divorce and leaves him to construct a new life. The original title: ?An Unmarried Man.? Production Companies John Conboy Productions, CBS Entertainment Productions. Director John Llewellyn Moxey. Executive Producer John Conboy…
(NBC, 12/10/1968, 120 mins). A courtroom drama involving two attorneys, brothers as well as partners in a law firm that is called on to represent a young man accused of murdering his girlfriend?s wealthy father, and the gruff senior partner who guides them through the intricacies of the case. This was the initial plot for ?The Lawyers? segment of ?The Bold Ones,? the series (1969-72) that presente…
Atenet of the ?evening?s entertainment? concept of the movies was that the program had to be varied and diverting. Short subjects acted as a buffer, a curtain-raiser to prepare the audience for the feature that followed. Another important function of the one- or two-reel productions of the classic period was to ensure that the program as a whole would appeal to an audience diversified by age, gend…
(NBC, 1/6/1975, 90 mins). The pilot film for a prospective series called ?Vector,? in which a team of U.S. Public Health epidemiologists must trace the cause of health hazards that may start epidemics. Several plot threads: an entire grammar school is afflicted with an unidentified itching rash; a female victim of a rare strain of venereal disease is resistant to standard treatment; a group of Eur…
(ABC, 11/11/1969, 90 mins). Filmed in the autumn of 1968 back to back with ?Foreign Exchange? (shown in the U.S. initially in January 1970), this spy caper focuses on a private eye who finds himself framed for murder by his old employer, the British Secret Service, and pressed into locating a mysterious notebook filled with names of agents working for Red China. Based on Jimmy Sangster?s 1968 nove…
D uring the nickelodeon era, the star system had rapidly established itself in the American motion-picture industry. After watching the growing popularity of Florence Lawrence and Mary Pickford, Carl Laemmle lured them to his IMP Company with greater salaries and the promise of wide publicity. He was not alone. Soon other producers had entered the star search, working actively through fan magazine…
(ABC, 4/9/1976 and 4/11/1976, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). Ambitious two part dramatization of the life of the biblical warrior and ruler, filmed on location in Israel (and Spain) by the producer and writer of ?The Story of Jacob and Joseph? (1974). Director Alex Segal fell ill during the filming and was succeeded by David Lowell Rich. Production Companies Mildred Freed Alberg Productions, Co…
(ABC, 5/7/1974, 90 mins). An affecting version of the Floyd saga telling of the Oklahoma farm boy who, to escape poverty, becomes enmeshed in a life of crime and ends up as one of the most notorious bank robbers of the 1930s. Martin Sheen and his real-life brother, Joseph Estevez, played Pretty Boy and one of his two brothers. Production Companies Roy Huggins Productions, Universal Television. Dir…
(NBC, 12/5/1977, 120 mins). A veteran television writer (played by Martin Balsam) is troubled by charges that his teleplay motivated a boy to actions that caused his death. Richard Levinson and William Link received Emmy Award nominations for their original story. Production Companies Fairmount-Foxcroft Productions, Universal Television. Director Robert Markowitz. Executive Producers Richard Levin…
Principal social theme: aging Walt Disney Pictures. G rating. Featuring: Richard Farnsworth, Sissy Spacek, Harry Dean Stanton, Jane Galloway Heit, Jennifer Edwards-Hughes, John Farley, Kevin Farley, Anastasia Webb, James Cada, Matt Guidry, Russ Reed, Bill McCallum, Everett McGill, Jack Walsh. Written by John Roach and Mary Sweeney. Cinematography by Freddie Francis. Edited by Mary Sweeney. Music b…
(NBC, 2/26/1973, 120 mins). A sci-fi thriller about an astronaut?s frantic efforts to come home after crashing on Terra, the twin planet of Earth, and finding himself marked for extermination. Later known as ?Stranded in Space.? Production Companies Bing Crosby Productions, Fenady Associates. Director Lee H Katzin. Executive Producer Andrew J Fenady. Producers Alan A. Armer, Gerald Sanford. Telepl…
(ABC, 3/6/1974, 90 mins). The drama of an adopted girl searching for her real mother with the help of a young man who also is looking for the parents who gave him up. Meredith Baxter?s real-life mother, Whitney Blake, plays the real mother of the girl in the story. Production Companies Lillian Gallo Entertainment, Filmways. Director Larry Peerce. Executive Producer Edward S. Feldman. Producer Lill…
(CBS, 11/13/1979, 120 mins). Joanne Woodward takes on the vigilante role of a female Charles Bronson, embarking on a lone pursuit of three teenaged hoods in the Los Angeles barrio after becoming incensed by their malicious tire-slashing on parked cars including hers. Initially it was called simply ?East L.A.? Spanish-language film star Fernando Allende made his American movie debut as the lead tou…
(ABC, 9/16/1972, 120 mins). A street-smart veteran cop and his young college educated partner go after the killer of a girl by systematically piecing together her last moves and come upon her junkie brother, a closed-mouth corporation lawyer and someone claiming to be her uncle. This pilot to the hit series (1972-77) marked Karl Malden?s TV movie debut and his first work in the medium in more than…
(CBS, 11/7/1979, 120 mins). Angie Dickinson plays a woman struggling to rebuild her life following her college professor husband?s unexplained suicide and the subsequent feelings that it might have been her fault. In its second network showing, the film, based on the 1978 novel by David Madden, was retitled ?A New Life.? Production Company Factor Newland Productions. Director John Newland. Produce…
Principal social themes: suicide/depression, homosexuality Factor/Newland Productions. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Angie Dickinson, Peter Donat, Gordon Pinsent, Zohra Lampert, Todd Lookingland, Don Marshall, Majel Barrett, Walt Davis, Martin Rudy, Luana Anders, Alan Frost. Written by Dennis Nemec based on the novel by David Madden. Cinematography by Michael Marguiles. Edited by Dan Cahn. Music by D…
MARK OSTERMAN George Eastman House and International Museum of Photography Whereas the observation of numerous light-sensitive substances and the formative evolution of the camera obscura predate 1800, the invention of photography, as we know it, was essentially a 19th-century phenomenon. Who actually invented photography has been disputed from the very beginning, though the task would have been…
MARK OSTERMAN George Eastman House and International Museum of Photography Whereas the observation of numerous light-sensitive substances and the formative evolution of the camera obscura predate 1800, the invention of photography, as we know it, was essentially a 19th-century phenomenon. Who actually invented photography has been disputed from the very beginning, though the task would have been…
(CBS, 9/16/1979, 120 mins). An unmarried, middle-aged woman who finds herself pregnant by an internationally renowned pianist decides to keep and raise her child in this film written especially for Carol Burnett by Joan Tewkesbury (from Laura Z. Hobson?s 1970 novel), who also directed it. Production Company Joe Hamilton Productions. Director Joan Tewkesbury. Executive Producer Ray Aghayan. Produce…
(NBC, 11/23/1978, 120 mins). The fourth filming of the Arabian Nights fantasy about a friendly thief who helps a handsome prince overcome an evil wizard to win a beautiful princess and a kingdom. Not to be overlooked in this British-made production, of course, are the inevitable flying carpet and the giant genie in a magic lamp. Production Company Palm Productions Inc. Director Clive Donner. Execu…
(NBC, 11/5/1978, 120 mins). A ?Classics Illustrated? adaptation (updated to the 1970s) of the H.G. Wells scifi classic about a scientific wizard who invents a device to transport himself back and forth in time and gets a bleak look at the future when visiting an alien civilization. Production Companies Charles E. Sellier Productions, Schick Sunn Classics. Director Henning Schellerup. Executive Pro…
T he American film industry was entering a new phase of rapid expansion by mid-to-late 1903, and a key factor in this revival was the popularity of story films. If such subjects had yet to become the dominant product for American manufacturers, they had at least become the kind of cinema emphasized at urban theaters. In their Sunday newspaper advertising, Kohl & Castle announced the featured pictu…
(ABC, 9/30/1977 and 10/2/1977, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). The bizarre speculative story (told in two parts over four hours) behind the man accused of assassinating John F. Kennedy and what might have happened had he been brought to trial. The title is all that is left of the 1967 Off-Broadway play by Amram Ducovny and Leon Friedman. John Pleshette, whose resemblance to the real Lee Harvey O…
(NBC, 1/30/1979, 120 mins). A dramatic retelling of the 1911 holocaust in which 146 workers died in New York?s garment district and ultimately laid the groundwork for the establishment of the ILGWU. The real-life catastrophe took a mere 11 minutes; the movie, with its soap opera plots and assorted inaccuracies (like several key references by some of the ladies to the popularity of Charlie Chaplin,…
(NBC, 4/12/1975, 90 mins). Life in John O?Hara?s small Pennsylvania town of Gibbsville with the son of the town doctor returning home after being kicked out of Yale and finding a new career on the town?s newspaper. Originally it was called ?John O?Hara?s Gibbsville,? which became the title for the short-lived (late 1976) series that starred John Savage and Gig Young. Based on O?Hara?s 1935 story ?…
(CBS, 10/31/1979, 120 mins). A romantic Gothic drama about a modern day woman?s journey into the past for a desperate attempt to change fate and save the life of her true love, a young artist she had fallen for at the turn of the century. Based on David Williams? 1977 novel, ?Second Sight,? it initially was titled ?The Double Life of Jenny Logan.? Production Companies Joe Wizan Television Producti…
(CBS, 5/12/1979, 120 mins). A series pilot about a secret agent who is armed with skills learned by a computer brain linkup lasting only 72 hours at a time and is sent to rescue a Russian submarine commander, a defector who has been kidnapped by an agent for another nation. Based on the book ?The Capricorn Man? by William Zacha Sr. Production Company Universal Television. Director Paul Stanley. Pr…
(NBC, 5/6/1974, 120 mins). Peter Graves, completely miscast as novelist Ross MacDonald?s private eye, Lew Archer, goes after the kidnappers of an old flame?s young son and gets mixed up in a series of murders going back 15 years. This was the pilot for the subsequent very short-lived (six episodes) series ?Archer? that began in January 1975 and starred Brian Keith, a better but not ideal choice. P…
Principal social themes: women?s rights, suicide/depression, child abuse/spouse abuse Frankovich Productions. PG rating. Featuring: Lea Thompson, Patricia Kalember, James Marshall, Robert Englund, Dick O?Neill, Sharon Shawnessey, Karis Paige Bryant, Mona Lee Fultz, Gary Carter, Norman Bennett, Jeanne Evans, Gail Cronauer, Guich Koock. Written by J. A. Mitty. Cinematography by Neil Roach. Edited by…
(ABC, 10/1/1978, 150 mins). A small-town girl with a dark past falls in love with a fading screen star and masterminds his spectacular professional and personal comeback. Screen veteran Joan Fontaine made her TV-movie debut here as a Hollywood socialite in this 2? hour adaptation of Joyce Haber?s smarmy showbiz novel (1975). Production Company Aaron Spelling Productions. Director Joseph Hardy. Exe…
T he vitascope effectively launched projected motion pictures as a screen novelty in the United States. In late April 1896 the vitascope was showing films in only one American theater, Koster & Bial?s Music Hall in New York City, but the sub-sequent pace of diffusion was remarkable. By May 1897, only one year later, several hundred projectors were in use across the country. Honolulu had its first …
Psychologically, the larger the audience, the lower the moral mass resistance to suggestion . ?REASONS SUPPORTING PREAMBLE OF PRODUCTION CODE OF 1930? The transition to sound in American cinema set off a struggle to control and contain the social effects of the talkies. Audiences, the media, censors, and the film industry?s internal custodians were disturbed by the changes they were seeing and hea…
(NBC, 6/13/1977, 120 mins). A small town college professor?s wife discovers that he is having an affair with one of his students, and he is forced to resolve a crisis in his once orderly life. Barbara Turner?s adaptation of Alison Lurie?s 1974 book won her an Emmy Award nomination. Production Companies Talent Associates, NBC Productions. Director Lee Philips. Executive Producer David Susskind. Pro…
Principal social themes: divorce, spouse abuse Twentieth Century Fox. R rating. Featuring: Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, Danny DeVito, Marianne S?gebrecht, Sean Austin, Heather Fairfield, Peter Donat, J. D. Spradlin, Dan Castellaneta, Gloria Cromwell, Danitra Vance, Harland Arnold, Shirley Mitchell. Written by Michael Leeson based on the novel by Warren Adler. Cinematography by Stephen H. Buru…
In 1930 regular customers began attending movies less frequently and spending less money. The motion picture industry cut back on production budgets, furloughed workers, and sold theaters, all the while trying to keep America?s alleged movie habit alive. The talkies had lost their allure as a technological novelty and a harbinger of scientific progress. The films of the 1930-1931 season had to suc…
Principal social themes: aging, end-of-life issues, disabilities Alive Films. PG rating. Featuring: Bette Davis, Lillian Gish, Vincent Price, Ann Sothern, Harry Carey Jr., Frank Grimes, Frank Pitkin, Mike Bush, Margaret Ladd, Tisha Sterling, Mary Steenburgen. Written by David Berry based on his play The Whales of August . Cinematography by Mike Fash. Edited by Nicolas Gaster. Music by Alan Price. …
(NBC, 3/11/1969, 120 mins). A student radical, accused of murdering a cop during a campus revolt, welcomes a court confrontation and then refuses to take the stand, despite the urging of the three high priced lawyers he has hired to represent him in this second pilot of ?The Lawyers,? a rotating segment of ?The Bold Ones? series. Hal Holbrook won an Emmy nomination for this performance in this one…
(CBS, 5/9/1979, 120 mins). The intrepid team of Old West government intelligence agents are brought out of retirement after 10 years to hunt down a cunning new adversary, the son of their former archenemy, who is suspected of cloning imposters to be substituted for the crowned heads of Europe and perhaps even the President of the United States. This lighthearted romp revived the popular 1965-69 We…
(NBC, 12/17/1978, 120 mins). The Wright Brothers? story and their efforts to fly, stunningly filmed and first shown on the 75th anniversary of their historic flight. Cinematographer Dennis Dalzell and editor John A. Martinelli received Emmy Award nominations for their work, but the project won in only one category: Film Sound Mixing. Production Company Charles Fries Productions. Director E.W. Swac…
(CBS, 11/12/1978 to 11/15/1978, 4 Parts, 120 mins each, 8 hours). Intrigue surrounding the discovery and publication of a controversial document that appears to be a long-lost ancient eye witness account of the life of Christ, with David Janssen playing a public relations executive hired to promote this new version of the Bible. International film beauty Florinda Bolkan made her American acting de…
Theatrical photography seeks to capture the excitement and drama of the stage. Movies and performance art, as well as the individuality and charisma of the actors and actresses who bring such productions to life, are also featured elements of this type of photography. Whether theatrical photographs are taken in the theater, the studio, or simply feature several of the key performers, they usually …
Thebes, located on the east and west banks of the Nile River around modern Luxor, was known as Waset in Egyptian, capital of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (province). The Greeks called it Thebes, identifying it with one of their own cities after they conquered Egypt in the fourth century B.C.E. Some scholars believe that the name Thebes was a Greek pronunciation of Egyptian ta-ipet , meaning ?The…
[ tiy ler] (1899?1972) South African?US virologist: developed 17D vaccine against yellow fever. Theiler studied medicine in South Africa and in London, and joined the staff of the Rockefeller Foundation in New York in 1930. Before that he had shown that yellow fever was certainly due to a virus, which could be cultured in mice, and he went on to show that by transmitting it from mouse to mouse man…
(NBC, 3/24/1969, 120 mins). A young newspaperman drops out following his friend?s suicide, sets out cross country on his motorcycle in his quest for the meaning of life, and befriends a runaway bride, another searching soul, in this variation of the ?Route 66? series, becoming involved weekly in the lives of diverse people subsequently during the 1969-70 TV season. Veteran actor Akim Tamiroff made…
His legends recount that Theodore (d. c.306) was a soldier in the Roman army (in the Black Sea area) who refused to worship pagan *idols, set fire to a pagan temple, was put on trial, tortured, and eventually martyred by being burned to *death in a furnace. One of the most popular Byzantine soldier-saints, he was also widely venerated in the west. By the tenth century, additions to his life story …
DEEDS OF THE CREATOR GOD. According to Egyptian mythology, the gods were responsible for the creation and sustaining of the world and everything in it. One question that needed to be worked out, however, was the nature of the gods? continuing relationships with their creations, particularly man. In the Middle Kingdom (2008?1630 B.C.E. ) text known as the Teachings for Merykare , the king?s father…
the tale of the greedy and ambitious vicar Theophilus is one of several hundred accounts of *miracles performed by the Virgin *Mary that were extremely popular in medieval art and literature. Known by the eighth century, the story was used in sermons in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, included in collections of miracle tales, and became a popular mystery play of the thirteenth century. Depicti…
[theeoh fras tuhs]( c. 372? c. 287 BC ) Greek philosopher and botanist: often described as ?the father of botany?. Born in Lesbos, Theophrastus studied with Plato in Athens and then became assistant, friend and successor as head of the Lyceum in 335 BC . The school did well under him, and may have had 2000 students; he secured botanical information from their home areas to add to his own observati…
(NBC, 12/17/1971, 120 mins). Erle Stanley Gardner?s small town district attorney, Doug Selby, came to TV in this pilot that has him investigating a swimming pool murder of a gambler, a questionable car crash and a huge insurance claim. Jim Hutton was more successful subsequently in bringing another fictional detective, Ellery Queen, to television. This pilot to a prospective Doug Selby series was …
(NBC, 4/29/1975, 90 mins). This pilot for Jack Warden?s ?Jigsaw John? series (1975-76) has him playing a dyspeptic middle aged homicide investigator looking into a string of robbery slayings of elderly women in Los Angeles. Production Company MGM Television. Director Daryl Duke. Executive Producer Everett Chambers. Producer Robert Monroe. Teleplay Al Martinez. Created by Al Martinez. Photography R…
(ABC, 10/9/1971, 90 mins). A suave professional burglar wants to break with his criminal past but is forced to pull one last job to make good on a gambling debt. Winner of the 1971 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America as the Best TV Suspense Film, and nominated for an Emmy as Best Written Original Drama of 1971. Original title: ?A Day in the Life of a Burglar.? Production Companies Ston…
All four Gospels recount that Jesus was crucified along with two other men who were ?thieves? or ?criminals.? *Luke (23:39-43) recounts a conversation that ensued when one of the thieves affirmed Jesus? innocence but acknowledged their guilt and asked Jesus to ?remember him.? The apocryphal Acts of Pilate supplied names for the thieves: the ?good? (or repentant) Dysmas and the ?bad? Gestas and fur…
THIGPEN, LYNNE (1948?2003). Actress. She was born Cherlynne Thigpen in Joiliet, Illinois. She taught high school English before pursuing an acting career. In 1971, she was part of an ensemble in the musical Godspell and was part of the original stage cast that took the play to film in 1973. She continued in stage musicals and received a Tony nomination for her role in Tintypes , and she won the 19…
(NBC, 5/30/1979, 90 mins). This dramatization of the true story of a black civil rights activist who, following Martin Luther King?s assassination, goes home to a small Southern town and runs for sheriff against a popular segregationist, was ?inspired? by events in the life of Sheriff Thomas E. Gilmore but was emasculated by severe last-minute editing by the network. The 90 minute movie was origin…
The Dominican theologian and philosopher Thomas Aquinas (c.1225?1274) exerted a profound influence on the development of medieval theology. His copious and comprehensive works (treatises, commentaries, hymns) earned him great fame as a ?universal teacher? and became established foundations in the medieval university curriculum (although not without inspiring controversy as well). Educated at Monte…
The rich iconography of Thomas Becket (1118?1170) developed immediately after his *martyrdom in the cathedral of Canterbury in 1170 and his canonization in 1173. A clerk, deacon, and archdeacon of Canterbury, he was appointed Chancellor of England by King Henry II in 1155 and in 1162 was (unwillingly) appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Henry II. Although a former loyal courtier with a taste for…
(1932-) Wendy?s International Incorporated As the founder and chief spokesman of Wendy?s chain of fast-food restaurants, Dave Thomas has built his company into the third-largest hamburger chain in the world, with more than 4,000 restaurants in over 30 countries and sales of $3.8 billion. Thomas started out as a drug store soda-counter helper at age 12 and became a millionaire by the age of 35.…
I n ?inventing? modern motion pictures, Thomas Alva Edison and William Kennedy Laurie Dickson developed a complex communications system?not a single invention but a whole group of inventions. While this achievement occurred within the framework of multifaceted influences?the work of Muybridge, ?tienne-Jules Marey, and others; Edison?s own prior accomplishments also shaped their thinking, the proce…
Born Pamela Thomas in 1963, in Detroit, MI; married Lawrence Otis Graham (an author and attorney), 1992; children: Gordon Julian Thomas, a set of twins. Education: Harvard, B.A. (magna cum laude), 1985, M.B.A., 1989, J.D., 1989. Addresses: Office ?Liz Claiborne, Inc., 1441 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. Summer associate in the corporate finance division Goldman Sachs, New York, NY; summer associate…
Thomas, also called Didymus (twin), was one of the twelve *apostles. He is popularly known as ?Doubting Thomas? because of his prag- matic disbelief in (1) the *Resurrection of *Christ and (2) the *Assumption of the Virgin *Mary. In both cases (the former canonical, the latter from apocryphal sources), Thomas was not present when Christ first appeared after his *death and when the Virgin ascended …
Clara Mildred Thompson was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1881. She did her undergraduate work at Vassar College and graduated in 1903. She received her Ph.D. from Columbia University. Thompson became dean of Vassar College in 1923 and remained there until 1948. She was also dean of the history department. In 1942 Thompson was the only woman appointed to the United States delegation to the Conferenc…
(1830?82) British marine biologist and oceanographer: postulated the existence of a mid-Atlantic ridge and of oceanic circulation. Educated at the University of Edinburgh, Thomson held a number of academic posts in Scotland and Ireland before being appointed professor of natural history at Edinburgh in 1870. He took part in several deep-sea expeditions, leading the 5-year circumnavigational Challe…
(1892?1975) British physicist: discovered experimentally the interference (diffraction) of electrons by atoms in crystals. G P Thomson, the only son of , had an outstanding college career. He survived the first year of the First World War in the infantry and in 1915 was attached to the Royal Flying Corps to work on problems of aircraft stability. In 1919 he returned to Cambridge, working first in …
(1856?1940) British physicist: discovered the electron. J J Thomson was a bookseller?s son who first studied at Owens College (later Manchester University), hoping to become an engineer. Poverty caused by his father?s death in 1872 led him to study mathematics, physics and chemistry instead, as he could not afford the charge then made to become an apprentice engineer. He did well and won a schola…
(1824?1907) British physicist and electrical engineer: a pioneer of thermodynamics and electromagnetic theory; he directed the first successful project for a transatlantic cable telegraph. Thomson?s father had been a farm labourer who became professor of mathematics at Belfast and from 1832 at Glasgow. Two of his children became distinguished physicists and another did well in medicine. Young Will…
One of several themes concerning the inevitability of *death, especially popular in the later Gothic period, the tale of the Three Living and the Three Dead was developed in French poetry of the thirteenth century and enjoyed a widespread literary and artistic dissemination in manuscript illustration, wall painting, and woodblock prints. The salient episode most frequently illustrated in art invol…
All four Gospels recount that the first people to receive the news of *Christ?s *Resurrection were several women who went to his tomb early in the morning on the third day after his *Entombment, bringing oils and spices to anoint the body. They found the tomb unsealed and the body missing. The Gospel accounts vary as to the number and identities of these women and the events surrounding the discov…
(ABC, 2/17/1978, 120 mins). The adventures of four couples, winners on a television game show, and their young chaperone on a Hawaiian holiday. A ?Love Boat? carbon, set ashore, based on Stephanie Buffington?s book. Production Companies Danny Thomas Productions, ABC Circle Films. Director Bill Bixby. Executive Producers Danny Thomas, Ronald Jacobs. Producer David M. Shapiro. Teleplay Michael Norel…
(ABC, 12/2/1969, 90 mins). An Enoch Arden-themed comedy about a pilot who ends up with two wives in separate cities, mixing elements of Guinness? ?The Captain?s Paradise? and the Cary Grant-Irene Dunne classic, ?My Favorite Wife.? Production Companies Screen Gems, Columbia Pictures Television. Director Harry Falk. Producer Jon Epstein. Teleplay Harry Winkler, Nate Monaster. Based on a Story by Nat…
Definition: In visual secrete sharing schemes, attempts have been made to restrict the pixel expansion while images with high contrast are produced. Although results obtained via a (k,n) visual secret sharing (VSS) scheme can be easily revealed by a human observer without any computations, the size of shares is usually much larger compared to the size of the original input image. By encrypting the…
Sylvia Lettice Thrupp was born in 1903 in England. She attended the University of British Columbia, where she earned both a bachelor?s degree and a master?s degree. She then attended the London School of Economics, where she earned the Ph.D. in 1931. Thrupp stayed on at the London School of Economics, completing a postdoctoral fellowship there in 1933. She then held a fellowship from the Social Sc…
(ABC, 4/14/1974, 120 mins). A delightful adult comedy with a stellar cast headed by Gene Wilder and Bob Newhart, dealing with the marital and business problems of a couple of middle-aged men who continue their night out with the boys even after the breakup of their Thursday evening poker game. Made in 1971 as a theatrical release, it was shelved for several years before eventually being given a te…
B. February 18, 1848 D. January 17, 1933 Birthplace: New York City; New York Awards: Paris Exposition Universelle, 1889, 1900 ???????? World?s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893 ???????? Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, 1901 ???????? Turin International Exposition, 1902 ???????? Lousiana Purchase Exposition, Saint Louis, 1904 ???????? Panama Pacific World Exposition, San Francisco, 191…
TigerDirect was originally known as TigerSoftware and provided titles for PC as well as Apple Computer technology. Tiger provides millions of catalogs and brochures every year about everything from new launches to contests and sweepstakes they run in conjunction with Microsoft. TigerSoftware publishes a number of titles including, The Typewriter, PopDrop, and many others. All of the titles are dis…
Louise Audino Tilly was born on December 13, 1930, in Orange, New Jersey, of Italian ancestry. Her father was an engineer, her mother a homemaker who had been trained as an artist. Tilly attended public school at P.S. 12 in Queens, New York, then at Longfellow School and Teaneck Junior and Senior High Schools in Teaneck, New Jersey. Among her early influences, Tilly remembers her fourth grade teac…
Born Timothy Z. Mosley, March 10, 1971; son of Garland (an Amtrak employee) and Latrice (ran a homeless shelter) Mosley. Addresses: Office ?Mosley Music Group/Interscope Records, Geffen A & M, 2220 Colorado Ave., Santa Monica, CA 90404. Teamed up with Missy Elliott and Magoo, joined Swing Mob Crew, worked with Surrounded By Idiots, early 1990s. Producer of music, including: Aaliyah?s One In A Mill…
DAVID MALIN Anglo-Australian Observatory, RMIT University Time-lapse photography is the use of photography to compress elapsed time in a still or moving image. In motion media, the playback time will be shorter than the recording time. Time-lapse photography allows processes or phenomena that take place over a period of time to be evaluated at a more convenient pace or in a manner where the subt…
(ABC, 3/19/1976, 90 mins). A pilot movie in which Irwin Allen, recycling his earlier hit series ?The Time Tunnel,? has a young doctor and a research scientist, in search of a cure for a deadly epidemic, being whisked back through time to Chicago in 1871 on the eve of the infamous fire, hoping to find the physician who then had stumbled on a cure but whose records were destroyed in the conflagratio…
[ tin bergen] (1907?88) Dutch ethologist: a pioneer in study of animal behaviour. Tinbergen graduated in zoology at Leiden, and afterwards taught there, except for 3 years in the Second World War spent in a hostage camp in occupied Holland. In 1947 he moved to Oxford and developed there his work on animal behaviour. The emphasis of this was to examine the patterns of behaviour shown by animals in …
(1936? ) US physicist: discovered the J/psi particle. Ting had an unusual upbringing, he was born in the USA but educated in China and Taiwan, and finally at the University of Michigan (1956?62). His work in elementary-particle physics began at the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva (CERN) and Columbia University, where he became an associate professor at 29. He also led a resear…
Dennis Fowler Hightower ascended to one of the highest echelons in the U.S. entertainment industry when he was named the president of Walt Disney?s Television and Telecommunications unit in 1995. By climbing the corporate ladder and strategically changing jobs in order to advance his career, Hightower built a solid portfolio of innovative achievements in global marketing, planning, and management …
(NBC, 4/10/1978 and 4/11/1978, 2 Parts, 120 mins each, 4 hours). Police action drama (based on the 1976 novel by Robert Daley) dealing with a maverick chief of detectives with two cop killings and a rash of bank robberies on his hands who is forced to wage war against a backstabbing police commissioner with political ambitions and a black revolutionary leader plotting a police massacre. Emmy Award…
The Old Testament apocryphal book of Tobit has provided engaging subject matter for art from the early Christian period onward. The pious and charitable Tobit was a Jewish captive of the Assyrians in Nineveh; he dutifully ? persisted in burying the bodies of dead *Jews and followed the ritual of sleeping outdoors after these burials, but one night he was blinded by droppings from sparrows in the t…
(1907?97) British organic chemist: achieved synthesis of important natural products, including co-enzymes, ATP and structural units of DNA. As a schoolboy in Glasgow, Todd did well in all subjects except art (he was teased about the inappropriateness of his initials) but his enthusiasm was chemistry, which he studied in Glasgow and later in Frankfurt. In Oxford with he worked on synthesis of the a…
Born July 4, 1916, in Los Angeles, CA; died September 26, 2006, in Chicago, IL. Radio announcer. Iva Toguri was considered one of the infamous voices of ?Tokyo Rose? during World War II, and even though she never used the moniker on her radio broadcasts, she was convicted as a war criminal and served six years in prison. She received a presidential pardon in 1977 after extensive media coverage of …
(CBS, 3/23/1973, 90 mins). This Mark Twain classic, a film perennial, retells the familiar tale of several young friends on an adventurous summer in the sleepy Mississippi River town of Hannibal, Missouri. A theatrical Tom Sawyer, musicalized, also was released in 1973, some weeks after the TV version which, technically, was a remake of the 1938 movie (before that, it had been filmed in 1917 and 1…
ABC, 3/21/1973, 90 mins). Based on the exploits of David Toma, real-life Newark, New Jersey plainclothes detective with a talent for disguises, this pilot to the subsequent series (1973-74) has the independent minded cop bucking his superiors to stalk the leader of a syndicate?s numbers racket. Tony Musante, Simon Oakland and Susan Strasberg had the same roles in the series which lasted only one s…
[ tom bow] (1906?97) US astronomer: discovered Pluto. Too poor to attend college, Tombaugh was a keen amateur astronomer and built his own 9 in (23 cm) telescope. He was appointed as an assistant at the Lowell Observatory, Arizona, in 1929, and took over search for a trans-Neptunian planet; Lowell had died in 1916. After repeatedly photographing the sky along the plane of the ecliptic, and checkin…
Tommy Hilfiger grew up in an Irish Catholic family as the second of nine children. After attending Elmira Free Academy, he began to work in retail. Hilfiger commuted to New York City where he began to customize jeans and bell-bottoms. He sold his creations at a local store called Brown?s. Hilfinger opened his own shop, ?The People?s Place? nearby. The store was frequented by teens as a local hango…
[tomonahga] (1906?79) Japanese theoretical physicist: a founder of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Tomonaga graduated in physics at Kyoto University and studied with at Leipzig before becoming professor of physics at Tokyo (1941) and then president of the university (1956). Like others, Tomonaga started to develop a relativistic theory of the quantum mechanics of an electron interacting with a phot…
(1943-) Esprit de Corps The fashion designs of Susie Tompkins made Esprit a popular maker of colorful, casual clothes for teenage girls in the 1980s. Tompkins later led campaigns to establish an additional clothing line for older, working women, and to promote Esprit as a company with a social conscience. Born Susan Russell in 1943, Susie Tompkins spent much of her childhood in San Francisco?s w…
(NBC, 3/12/1979, 120 mins). An incisive study of the dissolution of a 20 year marriage, from 17 John Updike stories that were published in The New Yorker beginning in 1956 and later in Harper?s , The Atlantic Monthly , Playboy , and others. Glenn Close, in an early TV role, was billed below the title. Production Companies Sea Cliff Productions, Polytel Films Ltd. Director Fielder Cook. Executive P…
(ABC, 11/9/1979, 120 mins). This updating of the screwball classic about two brand new angels, a carefree rich couple on earth, who have a devil of a time getting into heaven stars Kate Jackson and her then husband Andrew Stevens (who also were the film?s executive producers) in the roles played in the 1937 original by Constance Bennett and Cary Grant. It also served as a pilot to a prospective ne…
(CBS, 5/2/1979, 120 mins). A women?s picture, dealing with a happily married suburbanite who becomes romantically attached to a handsome architect she meets at Chicago?s airport. Its distinction comes from Lee Remick?s presence and her reteaming with director Delbert Mann with whom she worked a similar magic on ?Breaking Up? (1978) as well as ?A Girl Named Sooner? (1975). The title was inspired by…
[tori che lee] (1608?47) Italian physicist: inventor of the mercury barometer and discoverer of atmospheric pressure. An orphan, Torricelli was educated by the Jesuits and by B Castelli (1578?1643), for whom he worked on the dynamics of falling bodies. This led to his being appointed assistant to , whom he subsequently succeeded as mathematician to the court of Tuscany. Torricelli?s interests cove…
S tarting points always present problems for the historian, perhaps because they imply a ?before? as well as an ?after.? For the film historian, ?the invention of cinema? is customarily viewed as the creation of a new form of expression, a new art form. Such a perspective presupposes not only cinema proper but ?pre-cinema,? an area of historical inquiry that raises significant methodological and i…
(1915? ) US physicist: discovered the theory of the maser and produced the first working examples. Townes was the son of a lawyer and he completed his education in 1939, having attended Furman University, Duke University and California Institute of Technology. He began work at the Bell Telephone Laboratories and spent the war years developing radar-assisted bomb sights. Radar uses microwave radiat…
Mary Evelyn Townsend was born in New York City on June 5, 1884, to Charles and Mary Evelyn (Mulligan) Townsend. She received an A.B. from Wellesley College in 1905, an A.M. from Columbia University in 1917, and a Ph.D. from Columbia in 1921. She continued her postgraduate work at the University of Wisconsin, the University of London, and the University of Berlin. Townsend taught at St. Mary?s Scho…
The Traditio legis (?giving of the law?) is a symbolic motif of theological and political significance frequently found in early Christian art. It refers to the image of *Christ delivering the New Law, ushering in the new Christian era to supplant the laws of the Old Testament. The concept is pictorialized primarily in compositions depicting Christ seated or standing, handing a scroll or book to S…
The Transfiguration of *Christ is an event described in the Gospels of *Matthew (17:1-9), *Mark (9:2-9), and *Luke (9:28-36). The three texts diverge slightly in detail, although all writers recount that Jesus took *Peter, *James, and *John up to a high mountain and the three witnessed him glorified with shining light, conversing with *Moses and *Elijah. A bright cloud appeared from which *God spo…
Between the end of Dynasty 6 (2170 B.C.E. ) and the inauguration of the Middle Kingdom in the Mid-eleventh Dynasty (2008 B.C.E. ) royal architecture did not exist because the central government had collapsed. Egypt was ruled by provincial officials. Royal architecture in the Middle Kingdom begins again with King Nebhepetre Mentuhotep, the founder of the Middle Kingdom. Nebhepetre Mentuhotep was am…
(CBS, 4/17/1979, 120 mins). A fact based story of a hard driving young executive (Kevin Dobson) who rebels against his failing heart and undergoes a risky transplant. Adapted from the 1978 book by Philip Dossick. Production Company Time Life Television. Director William A Graham. Executive Producer David Susskind. Producer Douglas Benton. Teleplay John Gay. Based on a Book by Philip Dossick. Photo…
1920 Dorn in Chicago, Illinois on February 15 1936 Graduates from DuSable High School 1942 Drafted into United States Army 1949 Marries Moselynne Hardwick; graduates from Roosevelt University, Founds Travis Realty Company 1953 Establishes Sivart Mortgage Company 1960 Serves as president of Chicago chapter of NAACP 1961 Organizes United Mortgage Bankers of America; founds Freeway Mortgage and Inves…
An image of great frequency in western medieval art, especially of the Romanesque and Gothic periods, the Tree of Jesse can be seen in manuscript illumination, stained glass windows, and sculpture. The subject was inspired by the prophecy of *Isaiah (11:1-3) that a Messiah would come from the family of the *patriarch Jesse, the father of *David. Early Christian writers such as Tertullian and Saint…
In the description of the Garden of Eden in Genesis 2:9, two special trees are mentioned: the Tree of Life and the *Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil (God specifically forbade *Adam and Eve to eat fruit from the latter tree). Paradisical life-giving trees are described in a vision of *Ezekiel (47:12) and in Rev. 22:2 as a feature associated with the *Heavenly Jerusalem. The connection between…
The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil is described in the narratives of Genesis 2-3. It was located in the *Garden of Eden and was, among all the other beautiful and fruit-bearing trees, specifically singled out by *God to be avoided by *Adam and Eve. God had directed Adam not to eat the fruit of this tree because it would cause Adam?s *death (Genesis 2:17). A crafty serpent however, suggeste…
Definition: Trends in multimedia E-commerce will always be a function of market factors and the cultural landscape. As such, several surprising and lucrative trends have dominated land-line and wireless multimedia e-commerce in recent times. Ringtones are the sounds that are activated on cell phone when incoming calls arrive. In early cell phones tones were limited to a small set of just nine. Tod…
Principal social issues: hate groups, racism/civil rights, immigration MGM. No MPAA rating. Featuring: Glenn Ford, Dorothy McGuire, Arthur Kennedy, Rafael Campos, Katy Jurado, John Hodiak, Juano Hernandez, Robert Middleton, John Hoyt, Elisha Cook, Paul Guilfoyle, Ann Lee, Richard Gaines, Barry Kelley, Whit Bissell, Percy Helton. Written by Don M. Markiewicz based on his Harper Prize novel. Cinemat…
Following the Agony in the Garden, *Betrayal, and *Arrest of Christ, the Gospels, with some variation in detail, describe that Jesus was first brought before the Jewish high court (the Sanhedrin) where he was questioned by the high priest *Caiaphas (perhaps in a formal procedure, or perhaps not). When Jesus did not deny that he was the Messiah, Caiaphas accused him of blasphemy and sentenced him t…
Known as the ?founding fathers? of the costume jewelry industry, Gustavo Trifari and Leo F. Krussman were both working in the same field?hair ornament design, manufacture, and sales?when they merged their talents to create their company in 1918. In 1925 Carl Fishel joined the firm, and by 1930 the noted designer Alfred Philippe, whose designs had been sold in both Cartier and Van Cleef and Arpels,…
B. November 4, 1912 Birthplace: Paris, France Awards: Coty American Fashion Critics Award, 1949, 1951, 1959 ???????? Neiman Marcus Award, Dallas, 1950 ???????? National Cotton Council of America Award, 1951 ???????? Filene Award, Boston, 1959 ???????? Silver Medal, City of Paris, 1972 Trig?re was born in Paris, France, to Julles Ferry, a dressmaker, and Victor Hugo, a skilled technician an…
(ABC, 3/4/1975, 90 mins). Three bizarre stories with Karen Black playing four tormented women. In ?Millicent and Therese? she is both a plain looking woman, almost a recluse, and her amoral sister whom she taunts by revealing to her current boyfriend her past escapades. In ?Julie? she is a sexually repressed teacher who is blackmailed by one of her students for past indiscretions in which she play…
The doctrine of the Trinity of God as three distinct ?persons? sharing a common nature: God the Father, *Christ the Son, and the *Holy Spirit (Matthew 25: 19) was developed in the early Christian period and formed a topic of discussion and refinement through the Middle Ages, especially for authors such as Saints *Augustine, *Gregory the Great, and *Thomas Aquinas. The relationship of the three per…
James Monroe Trotter promoted racial advancement in the 55th Massachusetts Regiment in which he served, in his seminal and pioneer work Music and Some Highly Musical People , and in his protests against racial intolerance that he experienced in his position in Boston?s postal service. He believed that African Americans should promote themselves, and he used the press to encourage them to do so. He…
(ABC, 1/10/1973, 90 mins). A racial drama involving a liberal Southern sheriff (Lloyd Bridges) who brings into his home a Northern black delinquent, the son of the man who had saved his life in Korea. Production Company ABC Circle Films. Director Daniel Petrie. Producer Everett Chambers. Teleplay David Westheimer. Photography Richard C. Glouner. Music Tom Scott. Song ?Good Morning World? by Cheryl…
Jesus was crucified with two other men. The *cross upon which Jesus was crucified came to be known as the True Cross. The first reports of the discovery of this important *relic in Jerusalem date from the mid-fourth century, rapidly evolved into detailed accounts (e.g., the fifth-century apocryphal Acts of Judas Cyriacus ), and were further elaborated in works such as the * Golden Legend , which t…
(ABC, 5/19/1978, 120 mins). The further adventures of Rooster Cogburn, the rascally, boozing Western hero played in ?True Grit? (1969) and ?Rooster Cogburn? (1975) by John Wayne, has him battling injustice in his own unorthodox way while contending with a teenage girl bent on reforming him. Production Company Paramount Network Television. Director Richard T. Heffron. Producer Sandor Stern. Telepla…
(CBS, 2/4/1972, 120 mins). A grim, award-winning portrait of prison life as seen through the eyes of two newcomers?an idealistic rookie guard (Clu Gulager) and a college professor up for manslaughter (Alan Alda). Tom Gries received an Emmy Award for his direction; Gene Fowler Jr. was nominated for his editing. Based on a story by Truman Capote with Wyatt Cooper. Filmed in the Utah State Prison. Pr…
(1946-) The Trump Organization Billionaire real estate developer Donald Trump showed the world that millions could be made in developing expensive commercial and residential properties. His intuitive sense of business and sharp eye for spotting a deal made Trump one of the most respected?and most hated?business persons of the 1980s. Without question, Trump became one of the most famous poster bo…
also Mikhail Tsvet [tsvet] (1872?1919) Russian botanist: developed the technique of chromatography. The son of a Russian father and an Italian mother, Tswett was educated in Switzerland and held posts in Poland and Russia. His research was mainly on plant pigments and it was to separate these that he effectively introduced chromatography, although as with most inventions, precursors of success can…
Barbara Tuchman was born in New York City on January 30, 1912, to Maurice Wertheim, a banker, art collector, and publisher, and Alma (Morgenthau) Wertheim. She attended the Walden School in New York City and received a B.A. from Radcliffe College in 1933. She became research and editorial assistant for the Institute of Pacific Relations in 1933 and was a staff writer and foreign correspondent for …
(1674?1741) English agriculturist and engineer: his inventions began the mechanization of crop production. Tull, educated at Oxford and a qualified barrister, gave up law for a healthier life as a country farmer. Agriculture at the time had no tradition of systematic experimentation or of mechanization, but the Enclosure Acts (which made larger plots available) and new scientific attitudes encoura…
(1907-1983) Tupperware The story of Earl Tupper is an American ingenuity story, in which a young man with a basic high school education, an inventive genius, and a commercial eye was able to transform an ugly hunk of oil refinery waste known as ?slag? into a form of plastic that could be made cheaply into many useful things. Tupper?s new plastic and his methods of forming the plastic changed the…
[ too ring] (1912?54) British mathematician and computer scientist: mathematically formalized the concept of the theoretical computer. After graduating from Cambridge, Turing was elected a Fellow of King?s College there in 1935, and then spent 2 years in Princeton. In 1937 he described a theoretical computer in precise mathematical terms (the Turing machine), an important step that formalized the …
(ABC, 4/15/1974 and 4/16/1974, 2 Parts, 90 mins each, 3 hours). A thriller about a troubled English governess hired to take charge of a pair of precocious but strangely disturbing orphans beset by demons. This tape to film adaptation of Henry James? 1898 novelette, shown in two parts originally, is occult director Dan Curtis? version of the horror perennial, frequently staged during TV?s golden ag…
While still a slave, Benjamin S. Turner acquired considerable wealth as a livery stable owner and merchant. After the Emancipation, he served Selma, Alabama, as tax collector then as city councilman. A short time thereafter, he became the first African American to represent Alabama in the United States House of Representatives. Born March 17, 1825, in Halifax County, North Carolina, near Weldon, B…
Charles Henry Turner, who lived during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was a scientist. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in the biological sciences, conducted research on animal behavior, published in scientific journals, became a member of scientific organizations, and was elected to office in a scientific organization. In addition, Turner taught and/or served a…
Despite his humble beginning as a slave, James Milton Turner became a prominent African American politician during the Reconstruction period in the United States, serving in Liberia. He was an ardent advocate for black rights from 1865 to 1866 and after his return from Liberia in 1878. Turner?s main focus was equality for all African Americans. He worked for voting rights, equal educational opport…
(1938-) Turner Broadcasting Robert Edward (Ted) Turner III, also known as the ?Mouth of the South,? has put his money where his mouth is to become a multimedia mogul. From his ownership of two professional sports teams and love of yachting to his empire of seven cable networks and two movie studios, Ted Turner has not only become a billionaire three times over but has also become 1997?s biggest …
Waters Edward Turpin was a groundbreaking author who became prominent during the Harlem Renaissance. Driven by the need to write but full of self-doubt and uncertainty throughout much of his writing career, Turpin juggled the role of being the family breadwinner with his desire for independence. One catalyst for Turpin in his pursuit of a writing career may have been the racial discrimination he s…
TUSKEGEE AIRMEN, THE . 1995. (PG-13) 107 min. Biopic. Cable drama based on a book by former Tuskegee airman Robert W. Williams about the formation and service accomplishments of the first black fighter squadron during World War II, who faced scorn, doubt, and racism at every turn. The story begins with their induction and training at a segregated airbase in Tuskegee, Alabama. After proving they we…
SCOTT WILLIAMS, PH.D. Rochester Institute of Technology The 20th century will be remembered by its images. We are among the first generations to let pictures and motion media tell the story. We know not only the story of Al Capone, but we can place him in the scenes associated with Chicago and the Prohibition. The flag raising by U. S. Marines at Iwo Jima, post-World War II celebrations in Time …
JON TARRANT Freelance Technical Journalist, Former editor of British Journal of Photography , Teaching faculty of Physics at Jersey College for Girls, Jersey, Channel Islands, UK Without light there can be no photography. The history of photographic lighting is therefore inexorably linked to the history of technology and most especially the development of a reliable and widespread electricity di…
(ABC, 5/1/1976, 90 mins). Identical twin detectives use their look alike images to appear to be in two places at the same time in an attempt to expose a psychic con group, but become involved in a deadly game when a beautiful medium turns up murdered. This unsuccessful pilot for a series with The Hager Twins, country singers who were regulars on TV?s ?Hee Haw,? marked the somewhat unlikely TV movi…
(1877?1950) British microbiologist: discovered first virus infection of bacteria (bacteriophage). Qualifying in medicine in London in 1900, Twort became a professor of bacteriology there in 1919; he was eccentric and reclusive. In 1915 when studying staphylococci he noticed that some cultures became transparent, and he traced the effect to an agent which was infecting the cocci. He offered several…
While his exact parentage is not known, it is known that William Tyndale belonged to that long line of Tyndales (a.k.a. Hutchins), merchants, cloth makers, and landowners who came out of the north and settled in Gloucestershire, a region well known for its associations with Lollardy and the suppressed Wycliffe Bible. He received his B.A. at Oxford on 4 July 1512 (as William Hychyns), was approved …
[ tin dl] (1820?93) British physicist: made pioneering studies of heat and the scattering of light. Tyndall lacked a university education, leaving school to work as a surveyor and civil engineer in Ireland. He subsequently studied physical sciences at Marburg in Germany and became first a professor and later director of the Royal Institution. He was a talented lecturer and popularizer of science. …
Typology, a method employed extensively by early Christian and medieval theologians, recognizes concordances between events described especially, but not exclusively, in the Old and New Testaments. Typological method posits that events ( types , from Greek: tupos , ?mold?) from the Old Testament can be seen to prefigure occurences (antitypes) in the New Testament. Old Tes- tament figures and episo…
TYSON, CICELY (1939?). Actress. Born in New York City, Cicely Tyson went from being a secretary to a magazine fashion model before becoming an actress. She is probably best known for portraying two strong-willed Southern women. She portrayed Rebecca in the film Sounder , 1972, for which she received an Academy Award nomination, and Jane Pittman, in the television movie The Autobiography of Miss Ja…
(1930-) Tyson Foods, Inc. Don Tyson took over the family business in 1966 and turned Tyson Foods, Inc. into the largest chicken company in the United States. Known as ?Mr. Chicken? in and around the poultry industry, Tyson is counted as one of the richest people in America, with a net worth of around $1 billion. Donald John Tyson was born April 21, 1930, in Olathe, Kansas, and was raised surroun…
Neil de Grasse Tyson, an astrophysicist and writer, is the Frederick P. Rose director of the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. He is also a research associate in the Department of Astrophysics in the museum. Tyson?s position brings him full circle in a career which can be argued to have begun with his childhood visits to the Hayden Planetarium. His comm…