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CLEMENT III. (Paolo Scolari), pope from 1187 to 1191, a Roman, was made cardinal bishop of Palestrina by Alexander III. in 118o or 1181. On the rgth of December 1187 he was chosen at Pisa to succeed Gregory VIII. On the 31st of May 1188' he concluded a treaty with the Romans which removed difficulties of long standing, and in April 1189 he made peace with the emperor Frederick I. Barbarossa. He settled a controversy with William of Scotland concerning the choice of the archbishop of St Andrews, and on the 13th of March 1188 removed the Scottish church from under the legatine jurisdiction of the archbishop of York, thus making it independent of all save Rome. In spite of his conciliatory policy, Clement angered Henry VI. of Germany by bestowing Sicily on Tancred. The crisis was acute when the pope died, probably in the latter part of March 1191.
See " Epistolae et Privilegia," in J. P. Migne, Patrologiae cursus completes, tom. 204 (Paris, 1853), 1253 ff. ; additional material in Neues .Archiv fur die dltere deutsche Geschichtskunde, 2. 219; 6. 293; 14. 178-182; P. Jaffe, Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, tom. 2 (2nd edition, Leipzig, i888), 535 if.	(W. W. R.*)