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IBN HAUKAL
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IBN HAUKAL, strictly IBN HAUQAL, a loth century Arabian geographer. Nothing is known of his life. His work on geography, written in 977, is only a revision and extension of the Masdlik ul-Mamalik of al-Istakhri, who wrote in 951. This itself was a revised edition of the Kitdb ul-Ashkdl or Suwar ul-Agalim of Abu Zaid ul-Balkhi, who wrote about 921. Ibn Haukal's work was published by M. J. de Goeje (Leiden, 1893). An anonymous epitome of the book was written in 1233. See M. J. de Goeje, " Die Istahri-Balhi Frage," in the Zei'schrift der deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, 'ow. 42 sqq.