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MEININGEN, a town of Germany, capital of the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, romantically situated in forests on the right bank of the Werra, 40 M. S. of Eisenach by rail. Pop. (1905), 15,989. It consists of an old town and several handsome suburbs, but much of the former has been rebuilt since a fire in 1874. The chief building is the Elisabethenburg, or the old ducal palace, containing several collections; it was built mainly about 168o, although part of it is much older. Other buildings are the Henneberger Hans with a collection of antiquities, and the town church, with twin towers, built by the emperor Henry II. in the 11th century. The theatre enjoyed for many years (1875–1890) a European reputation for its actors and scenic effects. The English garden, a beautiful public park, contains the ducal mortuary chapel and several monuments, including busts of Brahms and Jean Paul Richter.
Meiningen, which was subject to the bishops of Wtirzburg (1000–1542), came into the possession of the duke of Saxony in 1583, having in the meantime belonged to the counts of Henneberg. At the partition of 166o it fell to the share of Saxe-Altenburg, and in 168o became the capital of Saxe-Meiningen.
See E. Dobner, Bausteine zu einer Geschichte der Stadt Meiningen (Meiningen, 1902).
See Bacher, A gada der Tannaiten, vol. 11. ch. i. ; Graetz, History of the Jews (Eng. trans.), vol. 11. ch. xvi. ; Jewish Encyclopedia (whence some of the above cited sayings are quoted), viii. 432-435. On Meir's place in the history of the fable, see J. Jacobs, The Fables of Aesop, i. 111, &c. (see Index s.v.).	(I. A.)-'v.