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ACDB
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ACDB =lp, where l denotes the length c D of the rod and p the distance AB through which it has been moved. This distance, as measured by the rolling of the wheel, which acts as a curvometer, will be called the " roll " of the wheel and be denoted by w. In this case p =w, and the area P is given by P =wt. Let the circumfer- A ence of the wheel be divided into say a hundred equal parts u; then w registers the number of u's rolled over, and w therefore gives the number of areas lu contained in the rectangle. By suitably selecting the radius of the wheel and the length 1, this area lu may be any convenient unit, say a square inch or square centimetre. By changing 1 the unit will be changed. Again, suppose the rod to turn (fig. 7) about the end. Q, then will describe an arc of a circle, and the rod will generate an area fl'9, where 8 is the angle A